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Hybridisation refers to crossing between genetically dissimilar plants. This crossing may be intervarietal (between different varieties), interspecific (between two different species of the same genus) or intergeneric (between different genera).
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A substance is a pure single form of matter. It cannot be separated into other kinds of matter by any physical process. For example: Sugar, sodium chloride.
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Meghna Thapar 4 years, 3 months ago
The second law of motion states that the rate of change of momentum of an object is proportional to the applied unbalanced force in the direction of force.
The quantity of motion in a body depends on the product of mass and velocity of the body termed as momentum.
The momentum (p) of a body is defined as the product of its mass (m) and velocity (v) and has the same direction as that of the velocity. Its SI unit is kilogram metre per second (kg m s−¹).
Momentum = mass × velocity
p = m × v
Momentum has both magnitude as well as direction; hence it is a vector quantity.
Momentum of a body at rest is zero.
Suppose an object of mass, m is moving along a straight line with an initial velocity, u. It is uniformly accelerated to velocity, v in time, t by the application of a constant force, F throughout the time, t. The initial and final momentum of the object will be, p1 = mu and p2 = mv respectively.
The change in momentum ∝ p2 – p1
∝ mv – mu
∝ m × (v – u).
The rate of change of momentum ∝ m × (v – u)/t
Or, the applied force,
F ∝ m × (v – u)/t
F = km × (v – u)/t
= kma
Here, a = [(v – u)/t ] is the acceleration, which is the rate of change of velocity. The quantity, k is a constant of proportionality.
The SI unit of mass and acceleration are kg and ms-2.
One unit of force is defined as the amount that produces an acceleration of 1 ms-2 in an object of 1 kg mass.
1 unit of force = k × (1 kg) × (1 ms-2).
The unit of force is kg ms-2 or newton, which has the symbol N. The second law of motion gives us a method to measure the force acting on an object as a product of its mass and acceleration.
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Cutin is a waxy substance on plant surfaces that tends to make the surface waterproof and can protect leaves from dehydration and disease. It is an insoluble polymer that, embedded in waxes, forms the cuticle covering the epidermal cell walls in the aerial parts of higher plants. In desert plants, it forms the thick waxy coating outside the epidermis.
Suberin is a wax like fatty substance, occurring in cork cell walls and in or between other cells. On alkaline hydrolysis it yields chiefly suberic acid. Suberin is highly hydrophobic and its main function is to prevent water from penetrating the tissue.
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The average velocity of an object is its total displacement divided by the total time taken. In other words, it is the rate at which an object changes its position from one place to another. Average velocity is a Vector quantity. The SI unit is meters per second. However, any distance unit per any time unit can be used when necessary, such as miles per hour (mph) or kilometer per hour (kmph).
Calculating this velocity is a simple task. We just need to divide the total displacement by the total time elapsed:
v¯=Δx/Δt=xf −x0/ tf−t0,
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Osmosis is a process by which the molecules of a solvent pass from a solution of low concentration to a solution of high concentration through a semi-permeable membrane.
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Uniform circular motion is different from uniform linear motion in following ways :
(1) Uniform linear motion exhibits only in one dimension while uniform circular motion is a 2 dimensional motion.
(2) Displacement can never be zero in uniform linear motion whereas may or may be zero in uniform circular motion.
(3) The magnitude and direction of velocity remains the same in uniform linear motion whereas the magnitude of velocity remains the same but its direction continuously changes in uniform circular motion.
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The chloroplast is a type of plastid-containing green pigment chlorophyll inside it. It is bound by two membranes. Chloroplasts are responsible for trapping and converting light energy from the sun into chemical energy and form sugar (glucose). These organelles are essential to carry out photosynthesis.
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With the increase in temperature,volume increases,thus a punctured tyre becomes flat more easily in summer than in winter.
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Soil Erosion is one form of soil degradation. It occurs in almost all types of lands. Flowing water, rainwater, and the wind are the prime agents which cause a significant amount of soil loss each year. Too much of soil erosion causes serious loss of topsoil and also reduces crop production potential, lower surface water quality, and damaged drainage networks.
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- Our daily activities like walking, running, closing the door, etc. involve motion. There is a change of position of the object involved in these activities.
- The flow of air in and out of our lungs is also an example of motion.
- The automobiles that carry passengers from the place of pick up to the destination possess motion. In this case, the position of passengers is changed from one place to another.
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Cell theory was proposed by German scientists Theodor Schwann and Matthias Jack Schleiden in 1839.
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Posted by Kishore Mahapatra 4 years, 3 months ago
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Silver nitrate solution is used to study golgi apparatus.
Golgi apparatus is an organelle in eukaryotic cells.
It consists of a stack of flattened sacs.
It is also known as golgi complex, golgi body or golgi.
It was identified in 1897 by Camillo Golgi (an Italian physician, biologist, pathologist, scientist and Nobel laureate).
Silver nitrate is an inorganic, irritant, colourless, water-soluble, poisonous, clear, crystalline compound.
It is used in photography and silver plating.
It is a chemical element with atomic number 47 and symbol Ag.
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Posted by Yash Dhyani 4 years, 3 months ago
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Gaurav Seth 4 years, 3 months ago
a)Take out a bottle of soft drink from the refrigerator and place it on the table. b)Observe it for few minutes.
c)you will see small drops of water appearing on the outer surface of the bottle.
d) This is because water vapour present in the air condenses and forms small drops of water.
e) This activity proves that air contains water vapour.
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