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Posted by Mishika Pandey 4 years, 1 month ago
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Yogita Ingle 4 years, 1 month ago
A vesicle is a small membrane-enclosed sac that can store or transport substances. Vesicles are mainly involved in the transportation of material in/out or within the cell.
They are made of at least one layer of the phospholipid-bilayer; which is the major constituent of the cell membrane.
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Gaurav Seth 4 years, 1 month ago
Acceleration
- Acceleration: It is a measure of the change in the velocity of an object per unit time.
- Acceleration can be caused either by change in direction of motion or change in speed or both.
- SI unit is ms-2.
Posted by Sanskriti Kashyap 4 years, 1 month ago
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Gaurav Seth 4 years, 1 month ago
Prokaryotes |
Eukaryotes |
Nuclear Membrane is absent. |
Nuclear Membrane is present. |
Membrane-bound cell organelles are absent. |
Membrane-bound cell organelles are present. |
Mitochondria are absent. |
Mitochondria are present. |
Golgi apparatus is absent. |
Golgi apparatus is absent. |
Region bounded by nuclear membrane contains DNA and Proteins. |
Undefined region with nucleic acid is called nucleoid. |
The concentration of DNA is low. |
DNA is found in nucleus, plastids, and mitochondria. |
Sexual reproduction is absent. |
Sexual reproduction is generally present |
Posted by Rengavadivelammal .C 4 years, 1 month ago
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Ashish Kumar Mahato 4 years, 1 month ago
Sanskriti Kashyap 4 years, 1 month ago
Yogita Ingle 4 years, 1 month ago
Rest: An object is said to be at rest if it does not change its position with respect to its surroundings with time.
Motion: An object is said to be in motion if the position changes with respect to it surrounding and time.
Raashajaleel V 4 years, 1 month ago
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Posted by Sai Prasad Biradar 4 years, 1 month ago
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Gaurav Seth 4 years, 1 month ago
1. An object has moved through a distance. Can it have zero displacement? If yes, support your answer with an example.
Ans. Yes, if an object has moved through a distance it can have zero displacement because displacement of an object is the actual change in its position when it moves from one position to the other. So if an object travels from point A to B and then returns back to point A again, the total displacement is zero.
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Posted by Mohd Faizan 4 years, 1 month ago
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Mohd Faizan 4 years, 1 month ago
Yogita Ingle 4 years, 1 month ago
The inertia of an object tends to cause the object to resist any change in its state of rest of motion.
Posted by Mohd Faizan 4 years, 1 month ago
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Posted by Mohd Faizan 4 years, 1 month ago
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Yogita Ingle 4 years, 1 month ago
Inertia of an object is the tendency of the object to resist change in motion. The inertia is directly dependent on the mass of the body.
Inertia resist any change in its state of motion and is of three types:
- Inertia of rest
- Inertia of motion
- Inertia of direction
Gaurav Seth 4 years, 1 month ago
The inertia of an object tends to cause the object: to resist any change in its state of motion.\
Inertia of an object is the tendency of the object to resist change in motion. The inertia is directly dependent on the mass of the body. Inertia resist any change in its state of motion and is of three types: Inertia of rest Inertia of motion Inertia of direction
Posted by Gopika P Menon 4 years, 1 month ago
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Yogita Ingle 4 years, 1 month ago
Grana |
Stroma |
Grana are made of stacks of thylakoids. |
Stroma is the fluid present in the chloroplast |
Light reactions occur here. |
Dark reactions occur here. |
Posted by Gopika P Menon 4 years, 1 month ago
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Posted by Mohd Faizan 4 years, 1 month ago
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Yogita Ingle 4 years, 1 month ago
A cell is the structural and fundamental unit of life. The study of cells from its basic structure to the functions of every cell organelle is called Cell Biology. Robert Hooke was the first Biologist who discovered cells.
Based on cellular structure, there are two types of cells:
- Prokaryotes
- Eukaryotes
The cell structure comprises individual components with specific functions essential to carry out life’s processes. These components include- cell wall, cell membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus, and cell organelles. Read on to explore more insights on cell structure and function.
Cell Membrane
- The cell membrane supports and protects the cell. It controls the movement of substances in and out of the cells. It separates the cell from the external environment. The cell membrane is present in all the cells.
- The cell membrane is the outer covering of a cell within which all other organelles, such as the cytoplasm and nucleus, are enclosed. It is also referred to as the plasma membrane.
Cell Wall
- The cell wall is the most prominent part of the plant’s cell structure. It is made up of cellulose, hemicellulose and pectin.
- The cell wall is present exclusively in plant cells. It protects the plasma membrane and other cellular components. The cell wall is also the outermost layer of plant cells.
Cytoplasm
- The cytoplasm is a thick, clear, jelly-like substance present inside the cell membrane.
- Most of the chemical reactions within a cell take place in this cytoplasm.
Posted by Mohd Faizan 4 years, 1 month ago
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Yogita Ingle 4 years, 1 month ago
A cell is the structural and fundamental unit of life. The study of cells from its basic structure to the functions of every cell organelle is called Cell Biology. Robert Hooke was the first Biologist who discovered cells.
Based on cellular structure, there are two types of cells:
- Prokaryotes
- Eukaryotes
The cell structure comprises individual components with specific functions essential to carry out life’s processes. These components include- cell wall, cell membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus, and cell organelles. Read on to explore more insights on cell structure and function.
Cell Membrane
- The cell membrane supports and protects the cell. It controls the movement of substances in and out of the cells. It separates the cell from the external environment. The cell membrane is present in all the cells.
- The cell membrane is the outer covering of a cell within which all other organelles, such as the cytoplasm and nucleus, are enclosed. It is also referred to as the plasma membrane.
Cell Wall
- The cell wall is the most prominent part of the plant’s cell structure. It is made up of cellulose, hemicellulose and pectin.
- The cell wall is present exclusively in plant cells. It protects the plasma membrane and other cellular components. The cell wall is also the outermost layer of plant cells.
Cytoplasm
- The cytoplasm is a thick, clear, jelly-like substance present inside the cell membrane.
- Most of the chemical reactions within a cell take place in this cytoplasm.
Posted by Mohd Faizan 4 years, 1 month ago
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Yogita Ingle 4 years, 1 month ago
Ribosome |
Ribosomes are the protein synthesisers of the cell |
Endoplasmic reticulum |
The endoplasmic reticulum is involved in the transportation of substances throughout the cell. It plays a primary role in the metabolism of carbohydrates, synthesis of lipids, steroids and proteins. |
Golgi Bodies |
Golgi bodies are called the cell’s post office as it is involved in the transportation of materials within the cell |
Chloroplast |
Chloroplasts are the primary organelles for photosynthesis. It contains the pigment chlorophyll |
Mitochondria |
The mitochondrion is called “the powerhouse of the cell.” It is called so because it produces ATP – the cell’s energy currency |
Posted by Mohd Faizan 4 years, 1 month ago
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Ash Greninja 4 years, 1 month ago
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Ash Greninja 4 years, 1 month ago
Yogita Ingle 4 years, 1 month ago
Various components present inside a cell are known as cell organelles. For example plasma membrane, nucleus cytoplasm all are cell organelles.
The plasma membrane also termed as a Cell Membrane or Cytoplasmic Membrane. It is a selectively permeable membrane of the cell, which is composed of a lipid bilayer and proteins.
The cytoplasm is present both in plant and animal cells. They are jelly-like substance, found between the cell membrane and nucleus. They are mainly composed of water, organic and inorganic compounds.
The nucleus is a double-membraned organelle found in all eukaryotic cells. It is the largest organelle, which functions as the control centre of the cellular activities and is the storehouse of the cell’s DNA. By structure, the nucleus is dark, round, surrounded by a nuclear membrane.
Meghna Thapar 4 years, 1 month ago
Cell organelles are membrane bound little structures that perform activities in the cell. The various cell organelles are – Endoplasmic Reticulum, Ribosomes, Golgi apparatus, Lysosomes, Mitochondria, Plastids, Vacuoles, Peroxisomes and Centrosome.
i. Endoplasmic Reticulum:
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a large network of membrane-bound tubes and sheets which looks like long tubules or round or oblong bags (vesicles). There are two types of ER– rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) and smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER). RER looks rough under a microscope because it has ribosomes attached to its surface. The ribosomes are the sites of protein manufacture. The SER helps in the manufacture of fat molecules or lipids. Some of these proteins and lipids help in building the cell membrane. This process is known as membrane biogenesis. Some other proteins and lipids function as enzymes and hormones.
ii. Golgi Apparatus:
The Golgi apparatus was first described by Camillo Golgi. Golgi apparatus consists of a set of membrane-bounded, fluid filled vesicles, vacuoles and flattened cisternae. Cisternae are usually stacked together (placed one above the other) in parallel rows. Golgi apparatus exists as an extensive network near the nucleus in the animal cells. However, the plant cells contain many freely distributed subunits of Golgi apparatus, called dictyosomes. The Golgi apparatus arises from the membrane of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum, which in turn, originates from the rough endoplasmic reticulum.
Posted by Mohd Faizan 4 years, 1 month ago
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Yogita Ingle 4 years, 1 month ago
There are various organelles present within the cell and are classified into three categories based on the presence or absence of membrane.
Organelles without membrane: The Cell wall, Ribosomes, and Cytoskeleton are membrane-bound cell organelles. They are present both in prokaryotic cell and the eukaryotic cell.
Single membrane-bound organelles: Vacuole, Lysosome, Golgi Apparatus, Endoplasmic Reticulum are single membrane-bound organelles present only in a eukaryotic cell.
Double membrane-bound organelles: Mitochondria and chloroplast are double membrane-bound organelles present only in a eukaryotic cell.
Posted by Mohd Faizan 4 years, 1 month ago
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Arohi Chakote 4 years, 1 month ago
Yogita Ingle 4 years, 1 month ago
Cell Organelles | Structure |
Functions |
Lysosomes | A tiny, circular-shaped, single membrane-bound organelles, filled with digestive enzymes. | Helps in the digestion and removes wastes and digests dead and damaged cells. Therefore, it is also called as the “suicidal bags”. |
Mitochondria | An oval-shaped, membrane-bound organelle, also called as the “Power House of The Cell”. | The main sites of cellular respiration and also involved in storge energy in the form of ATP molecules. |
Plastids | Double membrane-bound organelles. There are 3 types of plastids:
|
Helps in the process of photosynthesis and pollination, Imparts colour for leaves, flowers and fruits and stores starch, proteins and fats. |
Ribosomes | non-membrane organelles, found floating freely in the cell’s cytoplasm or embedded within the endoplasmic reticulum. | Involved in the Synthesis of Proteins. |
Vacuoles | A membrane-bound, fluid-filled organelle found within the cytoplasm. | Provide shape and rigidity to the plant cell and helps in digestion, excretion, and storage of substances. |
Posted by Mohd Faizan 4 years, 1 month ago
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Posted by Lakshya Gupta 4 years, 1 month ago
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Gaurav Seth 4 years, 1 month ago
Addition of carbon disulphide to a mixture containing iron fillings and sulphur powder, leads to formation of a clear yellow solution when sulphur powder dissolves in carbon disulphide, on gentle shaking. Iron fillings being insoluble settle in the bottom. These can be separated by filtration. When the solution is allowed to evaporate, powder of solid sulphur is obtained.
Here iron filling ga is nothing but iron compound and sulphur is sulphur powder.
Posted by Indrani Sahu 4 years, 1 month ago
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Gaurav Seth 4 years, 1 month ago
Angular velocity
Angular velocity is the rate of change of angular position of a rotating body. We can define the angular velocity of a particle as the rate at which the particle rotates around a center point i.e., the time rate of change of its angular displacement relative to the origin.
Linear Velocity
Linear velocity is the measure of “the rate of change of displacement with respect to time when the object moves along a straight path.” It is a vector quantity. Dimension formula of linear velocity is [M]0[L]1[T]-1
Linear and angular velocities are related to the speed of an object based on the perspective chosen. Linear velocity is applied to an object that moves, whereas angular velocity applies to those that turn such as a wheel, the earth’s revolution or a spinning top.
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