Suberin: It is a waxy substance that is found in the cell wall of higher plants.  It helps in the control and regulation of movement of solutes through to the xylem. Lignin:  It is an organic compound that binds to cellulose and  forms the chief part of woody tissue. It is also found in the secondary cell walls of xylem, fibres, sclereids. Lignin is a hard substance with great tensile and compressional strength which means that it does not break and deform easily. Cutin: It is a wax like, water repellent material that is present on the surface of the plants.  It prevents water loss form the desert plants.

INTENSIVE	EXTENSIVE
Independent property	Dependent property
Size does not change	Size changes
It cannot be computed	It can be computed
Can be easily identified	Cannot be easily identified
Example: melting point, colour, ductility, conductivity, pressure, boiling point, lustre, freezing point, odour, density, etc	Example: length, mass, weight, volume

I think Inertia and mass are both interconnted to each other as more the inertia more will be the mass. So inertia depence on mass.

MomentumMomentum is a vector quantity as it the tendency of a body to remain in motion.Momentum is denoted as ‘p’.The momentum of a body of mass ‘m’ moving with a velocity of ‘v’ is calculated as p=m×vLinear momentum and angular momentum are the two types of momentum.Momentum depends on mass and velocity.The total momentum is conserved.   InertiaInertia is a scalar quantity as it is the resistance offered by the body to move.Inertia is denoted as ‘I’.The inertia cannot be calculated using a formula.The inertia of rest, inertia of motion, and inertia of direction are the three types of inertia.Inertia depends only on mass.Inertia has nothing to do with the conservation of energy.

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Momentum is a vector quantity as it the tendency of a body to remain in motion.

Momentum is denoted as ‘p’.

The momentum of a body of mass ‘m’ moving with a velocity of ‘v’ is calculated as p=m×v

Linear momentum and angular momentum are the two types of momentum.

Momentum depends on mass and velocity.

The total momentum is conserved.

 

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Inertia is a scalar quantity as it is the resistance offered by the body to move.

Inertia is denoted as ‘I’.

The inertia cannot be calculated using a formula.

The inertia of rest, inertia of motion, and inertia of direction are the three types of inertia.

Inertia depends only on mass.

Inertia has nothing to do with the conservation of energy.

• Inertia is the natural tendency of an object to resist a change in its state of motion or of rest.
• The mass of an object is a measure of its inertia.

Law of conservation of momentum states that For two or more bodies in an isolated system acting upon each other, their total momentum remains constant unless an external force is applied. Therefore, momentum can neither be created nor destroyed.

In the first law, an object will not change its motion unless a force acts on it. In the second law, the force on an object is equal to its mass times its acceleration. In the third law, when two objects interact, they apply forces to each other of equal magnitude and opposite direction.

Salt solution and copper

Homogeneous mixtures are separated by the tequnique crystallization Ex,salt from the sea.and copper sulphate. Hope it helps you....

What type of mixtures are separated by the technique of crystallization?              
A n s w e r:
Homogeneous mixtures such as common salt solution and copper sulphate solution separated by technique of crystallization.    

Graphitr

Graphite.

Graphite

Graphite

 

1) Graphite is soft and slippery because there are only weak intermolecular forces between its layers. Graphite is a good conductor of heat and electricity.

2) Graphite can conduct electricity because of the delocalised (free) electrons in its structure.

3) These arise because each carbon atom is only bonded to 3 other carbon atomsHowever, in diamond, all 4 outer electrons on each carbon atom are used in covalent bonding, so there are no delocalised electrons.

4) These electrons in graphite are free to move through the structure.

Non-metals are elements that generally cannot conduct electricity. They are the second-largest class of elements after metals. Carbon is the only non-metal which conducts electricity. It is classified as a semi-metal when it is in the form of graphite. In a graphite molecule, one valence electron of each carbon atom remains free, Thus making graphite a good conductor of electricity. Whereas in diamond, they have no free mobile electron. Hence, there won’t be a flow of electrons That is the reason behind the diamond is bad conductor electricity.

Interconversion of three states of matter: Any state of matter can be converted into other state with the help of temperature or pressure. Different terminology for the Interconversion of states of matter is given below:

(i) Solid to Liquid: Fusion
(ii) Liquid to Gas: Vaporisation
(iii) Gas to liquid: Condensation
(iv) Liquid to Solid: Solidification
(v) Solid to Gas: Sublimation
(vi) Gas to Solid: Sublimation

Observe the following diagram to memorise this Interconversion states of matter:

The phenomenon of change of matter from one state to another and back to original State is know as interconversion off three state of matter.

Answer fast any one plz

J

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The term flora in Latin means “Goddess of the Flower.” Flora is a collective term for a group of plant life found in a particular region. The whole plant kingdom is represented by this name. Flora is classified and differentiated based on many factors. The best one among them is the area in which they grow or are found. Some grow in desert regions or in water, some are found in hilly areas while some are endemic to a specific geographic location. According to the place at which they grow, they have adaptations also. For example, Cactus plants are naturally seen in deserts. They have adaptations like modified leaves or prickles to preserve water and protect themselves from predators. The agricultural flora consists of plants cultivated by men for their use. Horticulture is the practice of growing ornamental and decorative flowers which are also known as garden flora.

the plants of a particular region or period, listed by species and considered as a whole. a work systematically describing such plants. plants, as distinguished from fauna. the aggregate of bacteria, fungi, and other microorganisms normally occurring on or in the bodies of humans and other animals: intestinal flora.

The term flora in Latin means “Goddess of the Flower.” Flora is a collective term for a group of plant life found in a particular region. The whole plant kingdom is represented by this name.

Flora is classified and differentiated based on many factors. The best one among them is the area in which they grow or are found. Some grow in desert regions or in water, some are found in hilly areas while some are endemic to a specific geographic location.

According to the place at which they grow, they have adaptations also. For example, Cactus plants are naturally seen in deserts. They have adaptations like modified leaves or prickles to preserve water and protect themselves from predators.

The agricultural flora consists of plants cultivated by men for their use. Horticulture is the practice of growing ornamental and decorative flowers which are also known as garden flora.

Sl. No.	Differentiating Property	Distance	Displacement
1	Definition	The complete length of the path between any two points is called distance.	Displacement is the direct length between any two points when measured along the minimum path between them.
2	Denotation	d	s
3	Direction Consideration	To calculate distance, the direction is not considered.	To calculate displacement, the direction is taken into consideration.
4	Quantity	Distance is a scalar quantity as it only depends upon the magnitude and not the direction.	Displacement is a vector quantity as it depends upon both magnitude and direction.
5	Route Information	Distance gives the detailed route information that is followed while travelling from one point to another.	As displacement refers to the shortest path, it does not give complete information on the route.
6	Formula	Speed × Time	Velocity × Time

Distance is the longest area covered by a body while displacement is the shortest area covered by a body

S=ut+1/2at^. Ok this is Newton's second law of motion Hope it helps you

S=ut+1/2at^. Ok this is Newton's second law of motion Hope it helps you

Second equation of motion:- S= ut + 1/2 a(t)^2

Rest: An object is said to be at rest if it does not change its position with respect to its surroundings with time.

E.g. A table lying in a room is at rest with respect to the walls of the room. 

Motion: An object is said to be in motion if the position changes with respect to it surrounding and time.

E.g., A car running on the road is in motion with respect to the lamp posts, trees or bus stop on the roadside

It is the third sub atomic particle which carries no charge.

Neutrons are subatomic particles of atoms, they consist neutral charge(no charge)..

Neutrons are subatomic particles that are one of the primary constituents of atomic nuclei. They are usually denoted by the symbol n or no. Neutrons do not have any net electric charge associated with them. They do, however, have mass which is slightly greater in magnitude than that of a proton. Neutrons and protons are collectively referred to as nucleons

Polar regions,north pole and south pole and less near the equator.

At the poles

North pole and south pole

Polar regions has greater gravitational force

By velocity - time graph Firstly, AO=DC=U BC=V OT=AD=t Now, a=change in velocity/ time taken a= BC - CD/ AD (BD=BC - CD) a=v-u/t v-u=at v=u+at Answer

Velocity-Time Relation

• A car having initial velocity u , is being subjected to a uniform acceleration a for a time period of t , after the time t the final velocity of the car is v.
• Now we need to find the relation between v,u,a,t graphically.

Position-Time Relation

• A car having initial velocity u , is being subjected to a uniform acceleration a for a time period of t , after the time t the final velocity of the car is v.
• In the time interval of time t , it covers a distance of s.
• Now we need to derive relation between s,u,a,t graphically.

 

 

Position–Velocity Relation

• A car having initial velocity u , is being subjected to a uniform acceleration a for a time period of t , after the time t the final velocity of the car is v.
• In the time interval of time t , it covers a distance of s.
• Now we need to find relation between s,u,v,a graphically.

 

(i) The body functions are damaged drastically and may never recover completely if not cared.
(ii) The treatment will take time, which means that someone suffering from a disease is likely to be bed-ridden for sometime.
(iii) The person suffering from an infectious disease can serve as a source from where the infection may further spread to other people.

# Molecule:-The smallest particle of the substances which has the property of that substances and can exist in free state. It doesn't take part in chemical reaction. # Atomicity:- The number of atoms present in one molecule of an element is called it's atomicity. # Ion:-An ion is negativly Or positively charged atoms.

Notes

The system is suspended in the stroma. It is a collection of membranous sacs called thylakoids. The green coloured pigments called chlorophyll are found in the thylakoid membranes. It is the sight for the process of light-dependent reactions of the photosynthesis process. The thylakoids are arranged in stacks known as grana and each granum contains around 10-20 thylakoids

Hydrogen H 1 Helium He 2 Lithium Li 3 Beryllium Be 4 Boron B 5 Carbon C 6 Nitrogen N 7 Oxygen O 8 Fluorine F 9 Neon Ne 10 Sodium Na 11 Magnesium Mg 12 Aluminium Al 13 Silicon Si 14 Phosphorus P 15 Sulfur S 16 Chlorine Cl 17 Argon Ar 18 Potassium K 19 Calcium Ca 20 Scandium Sc 21 Titanium Ti 22 Vanadium V 23 Chromium Cr 24 Manganese Mn 25 Iron Fe 26 Cobalt Co 27 Nickel Ni 28 Copper Cu 29 Zinc Zn 30 Gallium Ga 31 Germanium Ge 32 Arsenic As 33 Selenium Se 34 Bromine Br 35 Krypton Kr 36 Rubidium Rb 37 Strontium Sr 38 Yttrium Y 39 Zirconium Zr 40 Niobium Nb 41 Molybdenum Mo 42 Technetium Tc 43 Ruthenium Ru 44 Rhodium Rh 45 Palladium Pd 46 Silver Ag 47 Cadmium Cd 48 Indium In 49 Tin Sn 50 Antimony Sb 51 Tellurium Te 52 Iodine I 53 Xenon Xe 54 Cesium Cs 55 Barium Ba 56 Lanthanum La 57 Cerium Ce 58 Praseodymium Pr 59 Neodymium Nd 60 Promethium Pm 61 Samarium Sm 62 Europium Eu 63 Gadolinium Gd 64 Terbium Tb 65 Dysprosium Dy 66 Holmium Ho 67 Erbium Er 68 Thulium Tm 69 Ytterbium Yb 70 Lutetium Lu 71 Hafnium Hf 72 Tantalum Ta 73 Tungsten W 74 Rhenium Re 75 Osmium Os 76 Iridium Ir 77 Platinum Pt 78 Gold Au 79 Mercury Hg 80 Thallium Tl 81 Lead Pb 82 Bismuth Bi 83 Polonium Po 84 Astatine At 85 Radon Rn 86 Francium Fr 87 Radium Ra 88 Actinium Ac 89 Thorium Th 90 Protactinium Pa 91 Uranium U 92 Neptunium Np 93 Plutonium Pu 94 Americium Am 95 Curium Cm 96 Berkelium Bk 97 Californium Cf 98 Einsteinium Es 99 Fermium Fm 100 Mendelevium Md 101 Nobelium No 102 Lawrencium Lr 103 Rutherfordium Rf 104 Dubnium Db 105 Seaborgium Sg 106 Bohrium Bh 107 Hassium Hs 108 Meitnerium Mt 109 Darmstadtium Ds 110 Roentgenium Rg 111 Copernicium Cn 112 Nihonium Nh 113 Flerovium Fl 114 Moscovium Mc 115 Livermorium Lv 116 Tennessine Ts 117 Oganesson Og 118

Hydrogen H 1 Helium He 2 Lithium Li 3 Beryllium Be 4 Boron B 5 Carbon C 6 Nitrogen N 7 Oxygen O 8 Fluorine F 9 Neon Ne 10 Sodium Na 11 Magnesium Mg 12 Aluminium Al 13 Silicon Si 14 Phosphorus P 15 Sulfur S 16 Chlorine Cl 17 Argon Ar 18 Potassium K 19 Calcium Ca 20 Scandium Sc 21 Titanium Ti 22 Vanadium V 23 Chromium Cr 24 Manganese Mn 25 Iron Fe 26 Cobalt Co 27 Nickel Ni 28 Copper Cu 29 Zinc Zn 30 Gallium Ga 31 Germanium Ge 32 Arsenic As 33 Selenium Se 34 Bromine Br 35 Krypton Kr 36 Rubidium Rb 37 Strontium Sr 38 Yttrium Y 39 Zirconium Zr 40 Niobium Nb 41 Molybdenum Mo 42 Technetium Tc 43 Ruthenium Ru 44 Rhodium Rh 45 Palladium Pd 46 Silver Ag 47 Cadmium Cd 48 Indium In 49 Tin Sn 50 Antimony Sb 51 Tellurium Te 52 Iodine I 53 Xenon Xe 54 Cesium Cs 55 Barium Ba 56 Lanthanum La 57 Cerium Ce 58 Praseodymium Pr 59 Neodymium Nd 60 Promethium Pm 61 Samarium Sm 62 Europium Eu 63 Gadolinium Gd 64 Terbium Tb 65 Dysprosium Dy 66 Holmium Ho 67 Erbium Er 68 Thulium Tm 69 Ytterbium Yb 70 Lutetium Lu 71 Hafnium Hf 72 Tantalum Ta 73 Tungsten W 74 Rhenium Re 75 Osmium Os 76 Iridium Ir 77 Platinum Pt 78 Gold Au 79 Mercury Hg 80 Thallium Tl 81 Lead Pb 82 Bismuth Bi 83 Polonium Po 84 Astatine At 85 Radon Rn 86 Francium Fr 87 Radium Ra 88 Actinium Ac 89 Thorium Th 90 Protactinium Pa 91 Uranium U 92 Neptunium Np 93 Plutonium Pu 94 Americium Am 95 Curium Cm 96 Berkelium Bk 97 Californium Cf 98 Einsteinium Es 99 Fermium Fm 100 Mendelevium Md 101 Nobelium No 102 Lawrencium Lr 103 Rutherfordium Rf 104 Dubnium Db 105 Seaborgium Sg 106 Bohrium Bh 107 Hassium Hs 108 Meitnerium Mt 109 Darmstadtium Ds 110 Roentgenium Rg 111 Copernicium Cn 112 Nihonium Nh 113 Flerovium Fl 114 Moscovium Mc 115 Livermorium Lv 116 Tennessine Ts 117 Oganesson Og 118

Hydrogen H 1 Helium He 2 Lithium Li 3 Beryllium Be 4 Boron B 5 Carbon C 6 Nitrogen N 7 Oxygen O 8 Fluorine F 9 Neon Ne 10 Sodium Na 11 Magnesium Mg 12 Aluminium Al 13 Silicon Si 14 Phosphorus P 15 Sulfur S 16 Chlorine Cl 17 Argon Ar 18 Potassium K 19 Calcium Ca 20 Scandium Sc 21 Titanium Ti 22 Vanadium V 23 Chromium Cr 24 Manganese Mn 25 Iron Fe 26 Cobalt Co 27 Nickel Ni 28 Copper Cu 29 Zinc Zn 30 Gallium Ga 31 Germanium Ge 32 Arsenic As 33 Selenium Se 34 Bromine Br 35 Krypton Kr 36 Rubidium Rb 37 Strontium Sr 38 Yttrium Y 39 Zirconium Zr 40 Niobium Nb 41 Molybdenum Mo 42 Technetium Tc 43 Ruthenium Ru 44 Rhodium Rh 45 Palladium Pd 46 Silver Ag 47 Cadmium Cd 48 Indium In 49 Tin Sn 50 Antimony Sb 51 Tellurium Te 52 Iodine I 53 Xenon Xe 54 Cesium Cs 55 Barium Ba 56 Lanthanum La 57 Cerium Ce 58 Praseodymium Pr 59 Neodymium Nd 60 Promethium Pm 61 Samarium Sm 62 Europium Eu 63 Gadolinium Gd 64 Terbium Tb 65 Dysprosium Dy 66 Holmium Ho 67 Erbium Er 68 Thulium Tm 69 Ytterbium Yb 70 Lutetium Lu 71 Hafnium Hf 72 Tantalum Ta 73 Tungsten W 74 Rhenium Re 75 Osmium Os 76 Iridium Ir 77 Platinum Pt 78 Gold Au 79 Mercury Hg 80 Thallium Tl 81 Lead Pb 82 Bismuth Bi 83 Polonium Po 84 Astatine At 85 Radon Rn 86 Francium Fr 87 Radium Ra 88 Actinium Ac 89 Thorium Th 90 Protactinium Pa 91 Uranium U 92 Neptunium Np 93 Plutonium Pu 94 Americium Am 95 Curium Cm 96 Berkelium Bk 97 Californium Cf 98 Einsteinium Es 99 Fermium Fm 100 Mendelevium Md 101 Nobelium No 102 Lawrencium Lr 103 Rutherfordium Rf 104 Dubnium Db 105 Seaborgium Sg 106 Bohrium Bh 107 Hassium Hs 108 Meitnerium Mt 109 Darmstadtium Ds 110 Roentgenium Rg 111 Copernicium Cn 112 Nihonium Nh 113 Flerovium Fl 114 Moscovium Mc 115 Livermorium Lv 116 Tennessine Ts 117 Oganesson Og 118

HydrogenH1HeliumHe2LithiumLi3BerylliumBe4BoronB5CarbonC6NitrogenN7OxygenO8FluorineF9NeonNe10SodiumNa11MagnesiumMg12AluminiumAl13SiliconSi14PhosphorusP15SulfurS16ChlorineCl17ArgonAr18PotassiumK19CalciumCa20ScandiumSc21TitaniumTi22VanadiumV23ChromiumCr24ManganeseMn25IronFe26CobaltCo27NickelNi28CopperCu29ZincZn30GalliumGa31GermaniumGe32ArsenicAs33SeleniumSe34BromineBr35KryptonKr36RubidiumRb37StrontiumSr38YttriumY39ZirconiumZr40NiobiumNb41MolybdenumMo42TechnetiumTc43RutheniumRu44RhodiumRh45PalladiumPd46SilverAg47CadmiumCd48IndiumIn49TinSn50AntimonySb51TelluriumTe52IodineI53XenonXe54CesiumCs55BariumBa56LanthanumLa57CeriumCe58PraseodymiumPr59NeodymiumNd60PromethiumPm61SamariumSm62EuropiumEu63GadoliniumGd64TerbiumTb65DysprosiumDy66HolmiumHo67ErbiumEr68ThuliumTm69YtterbiumYb70LutetiumLu71HafniumHf72TantalumTa73TungstenW74RheniumRe75OsmiumOs76IridiumIr77PlatinumPt78GoldAu79MercuryHg80ThalliumTl81LeadPb82BismuthBi83PoloniumPo84AstatineAt85RadonRn86FranciumFr87RadiumRa88ActiniumAc89ThoriumTh90ProtactiniumPa91UraniumU92NeptuniumNp93PlutoniumPu94AmericiumAm95CuriumCm96BerkeliumBk97CaliforniumCf98EinsteiniumEs99FermiumFm100MendeleviumMd101NobeliumNo102LawrenciumLr103RutherfordiumRf104DubniumDb105SeaborgiumSg106BohriumBh107HassiumHs108MeitneriumMt109DarmstadtiumDs110RoentgeniumRg111CoperniciumCn112NihoniumNh113FleroviumFl114MoscoviumMc115LivermoriumLv116TennessineTs117OganessonOg118

Please

The work done on a body moving in a circular path is also zero. This is because, when a body moves in a circular path, then the centripetal force acts along the radius of the circle, and it is at right angles to the motion of the body. Thus, the work done in the case of moon moving round the earth is also zero.

The work done on a body moving in a circular path is also zero. This is because, when a body moves in a circular path, then the centripetal force acts along the radius of the circle, and it is at right angles to the motion of the body. Thus, the work done in the case of moon moving round the earth is also zero.

Rutherford proposed a model in which electrons revolve around the nucleus in well-defined orbits. There is a positively charged centre in an atom called the nucleus. He also proposed that the size of the nucleus is very small as compared to the size of the atom and nearly all the mass of an atom is centred in the nucleus. Whereas, Thomson proposed the model of an atom to be similar to a Christmas pudding. The electrons are studded like currants in a positively charged sphere like Christmas pudding and the mass of the atom was supposed to be uniformly distributed

During day time water from different sources like pond, lake, river, sea, well etc get evaporated and this water vapour rises up with the hot air. At a particular height the air cools and the water vapour condenses to form minute droplets and form clouds. When these water-drops become heavy, they precipitate and fall down as rain.

Polyatomic ions are ions which consist of more than one atom. For example, nitrate ion, NO3-, contains one nitrogen atom and three oxygen atoms. The atoms in a polyatomic ion are usually covalently bonded to one another, and therefore stay together as a single, charged unit.

Priti

_*Polyatomic ion also known as molecular ion, is a charged ion composed of 2 or more atoms*_

A n s w e r

A polyatomic ion, also known as a molecular ion, is a charged chemical species(ion) composed of two or more atoms covalently bonded or of a metal complex that can be considered to be acting as a single unit.

 

Eg: SO42−​, CO32−​

Polyatomic ions: Those ions which are formed from groups of joined atoms are called polyatomic ions.
Compound ions are also called polyatomic ions.

For e.g
Ammonium ion NH⁴⁺, is a compound ion which is made up of two types of atoms joined together nitrogen and hydrogen.

Carbonate ion CO3²- , is a compound ions which is made up of two types of atoms joined together carbon and oxygen.

Similarly , sulphate ion SO4²-, Nitrate ion NO3^- , hydroxide ion OH^- e.t.c

A sheet of paper falls slower then the one crumpled into a ball because the surface area of the ball is much lower than that of the sheet. Thus the upward force exerted by air on the sheet is much as compared to the one exerted on the ball. Hence the sheet falls slower.

1. In a reaction, 5.3g of sodium carbonate reacted with 6 g of acetic acid. The products were 2.2 g of carbon dioxide, 0.9 g water and 8.2 g of sodium acetate. Show that these observations are in agreement with the law of conservation of mass.

Sodium carbonate + acetic acid → Sodium acetate + carbon dioxide +  water

Solution:

Sodium carbonate + acetic acid → Sodium acetate + carbon dioxide +  water

5.3g                             6g                 8.2g     2.2g      0.9g

As per the law of conservation of mass, the total mass of reactants must be equal to the total mass of

products

As per the above reaction, LHS = RHS    i.e., 5.3g + 6g = 2.2g + 0.9 g + 8.2 g = 11.3 g

Hence the observations are in agreement with the law of conservation of mass.

Electrons are said to carry negative charge, while protons are said to carry positive charge, although these labels are completely arbitrary. The charge of the electron is equivalent to the magnitude of the elementary charge (e) but bearing a negative sign.  Since the value of the elementary charge is roughly 1.602 x 10-19 coulombs (C), then the charge of the electron is -1.602 x 10-19 C. When expressed in atomic units, the elementary charge takes the value of unity; i.e., e = 1. Thus, the electron's charge can be denoted by -e.