The word “megalith” comes from the Ancient Greek <i>megas </i>meaning “great” and <i>lithos</i> meaning “stone”

A megalith is a large stone that has been used to construct a structure or monument, either alone or together with other stones. The word megalithic is used to describe structures made of such large stones without the use of mortar or concrete, representing periods of prehistory characterised by such constructions. For later periods, the term monolith, with an overlapping meaning, is more likely to be used.

In accordance with Wood's despatch, Education Departments were established in every province and the University of Calcutta, the University of Bombay and the University of Madras in 1857 as well as the University of the Punjab in 1882 and the University of Allahabad in 1887.
Charles Wood, the President of the Board of Control of the East India Company, had an important effect on spreading education in India when in 1854 he sent a despatch to Lord Dalhousie, the then Governor-General of India.

1. The Rowlatt Act was a law passed by the British in colonial India in March 1919, indefinitely extending "emergency measures" enacted during the First World War in order to control public unrest and root out conspiracy.
2. This act effectively authorized the government to imprison any person for a maximum period of two years, without trial who was suspected of doing terror in the Raj.
3. The Rowlatt Act gave British imperial authorities power to deal with revolutionary activities.

Under the system of "subsidiary alliance"-
(i) Indian rulers were not allowed to have their independent armed forces.
(ii) They were to be protected by the Company, but had to pay for the "subsidiary forces" that the Company was supposed to maintain for the purpose of this protection.
(iii) If the Indian rulers failed to make the payment, the part of their territory was taken away as penalty.
The states which had to lose their territories on this ground were Awadh and Hyderabad.

The Scheduled Castes and Tribes (Prevention of Atrocities) Act, 1989 is an Act of the Parliament of India enacted to prevent atrocities against scheduled castes and scheduled tribes. ... Article 17 of Indian Constitution seeks to abolish 'untouchability' and to forbid all such practices.
The Act guarantees Adivasis not to be dispossessed from their traditional homelands. The land belonging to Adivasis cannot be sold to or bought by non-tribal people. In cases where this has happened, the Constitution guarantees the right of tribal people to re-possess their land.

Sati- It is one of the social evil that prevailed in India in 19th and 20th century.

When the husband dies the wife is supposed to burn herself on the funeral pyre of her husband.

Those women who did this willingly were considered Sati (Sacred).

Those who did not do it willingly were forced to burn themself.

The Calico Acts banned the import of most cotton textiles into, England, followed by the restriction of sale of most cotton textiles .
Calico Act was enacted in the year 1720. According to this act, the British government enacted a legislation banning the use of printed cotton textiles– chintz – in England. It made the Indian textiles popular in the world market. The English traders were the ones to benefit from this.The effects on the Indian textiles were two ways:
First: Indian textiles now had to compete with British textiles in the European and American markets.
Second: exporting textiles to England became increasingly difficult since very high duties were imposed on Indian textiles imported into Britain.

Parliament enables citizens of India to participate in decision making and control the government, thus making it the most important symbol of Indian democracy and a key feature of the Constitution.

A parliamentary system is a system of government in which the ministers of the executive branch are drawn from the legislature and are accountable to that body, such that the executive and legislative branches are intertwined.

The Legal System can be divided into 2 branches

• Criminal Law
• Civil Law

Criminal Law: Criminal Law deals with acts like theft, harassing a woman for more dowry and murder. The procedure of a criminal case starts with the lodging of the First Information Report (FIR) followed by the police investigation and filing the case in court. After the trial in court, the accused can be sent to jail, sentenced to be hanged or fined.

Civil Law: Civil Law deals with cases were harm or injury is caused to rights of individuals like disputes relating to the sale of land, purchase of goods, rent matters and divorce cases.

a. It provides raw materials, all types of machinery to run other industries. For example, machine, engineering industries.
b. This sector has helped in the generation of several small scale industries, supporting power, transport, communication Industries in India.
c. Iron is required for the development of infrastructure like bridges and also for the manufacturing of modes of transportation like trains and ships etc.​
 d. To meet the needs of increasing population, excessive industrialization, India has substantially increased its production of iron and steel.
e. India today produces 73.42 ( 2011-12 data) million tons of total finished steel and ranks fourth largest among the World crude steel producers. ( 2012 data )
f. India is the largest producer of sponge iron.
g. Today there are 10 primary integrated and many mini steel plants in India.

Shifting cultivation:the Trees are cut down and are burnt. Black Ashes which are left after burning are being used as black soil. Plants grow on the ashes and grow healthy. This process is otherwise known as thhe Shifting Cultivation.       

Shifting cultivation is a form of agriculture which involves clearing of a plot of land by cutting of trees and burning them. The ashes are then mixed with the soil and crops are grown. After the land has lost its fertility, it is abandoned.  The farmers then move to a new place.

By the early 18th century British worry by the popularity of Indian textiles so protest started against the import of Indian textile.In 1720 British government banning the use of printed cotton textile that is chintz. this act came to be known as calico act.