Extensive agriculture is an agricultural production system where the size of the land cultivated is large and most of the work is carried out by machines. The three main features of this system are:

1. The size of agricultural farms are large which cover more than hundreds of hectares.
2. Most of the agricultural operations are carried out by machines and human hands involved are few.
3. Production is surplus and most of the crops are exported.

INSTITUTIONS MEDIUM

• Calcutta Madarasa

Muslim laws and related sub

• Sanskrit College

Hindu laws and Philosophy

It was a popular festival in which devotees underwent a peculiar form of suffering as part of ritual worship. With hooks pierced through their skin they swung themselves on a wheel.

There were mixed views on the Western Education in India. However, Mahatma Gandhi was entirely against Western education. According to him, Western education created a sense of inferiority amongst Indians and eroded their faith in the richness of their own culture. He felt it was ineffective as it stressed on reading and writing rather than practical knowledge and experiences.

He envisioned a national education system that would help Indians to realize their self-worth and dignity. For this reason, he wanted education to be imparted in local languages rather than English. Rabindranath Tagore also disapproved of Western education. Tagore believed the rigid education system of British schools killed the natural creativity in a child.

Tagore set up an institution called Santiniketan in 1901, where children could be free to explore and learn about 100 kilometres away from Calcutta.

However, there were some differences in Gandhiji’s and Tagore’s views. While Gandhiji was absolutely against Western education and culture, Tagore wanted to combine the best elements of Western and Indian education and culture.

Therefore, along with art, dance and music, subjects like science and technology were also taught at Santiniketan.

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The Battle of Plassey was fought between the forces of the Nawab of Bengal Siraj-ud-Daulah and the English East India Company, led by Robert Clive. It was fought on 23 June 1757 at Plassey near Murshidabad. A major portion of the 50,000 strong army of the Nawab was controlled by Mir Jafar who was hand in gloves with the British. His men did not join the battle at a crucial time. As a result, the Nawab’s men suffered heavy casualties and he himself left the battlefield after the death of his commander Mir Madan. This was a major blow to the Nawab’s army which was, as a result, easily defeated by the British. Later, the Nawab himself was caught and killed, and Mir Jafar was instituted as the new Nawab of Bengal.

In India, alluvial soil is deposited by Rivers Ganga and Brahmaputra. Alluvial soil is found in the northern Indian plains extending to some parts of Rajasthan and Gujarat. It is also found in the eastern coastal plains, especially in the delta of Mahanadi, Krishna, Godavari and Kaveri.

The economic impact of the First World War:
(i)The First World War led to a huge rise in the defence expenditure of the Government of India. The government in turn increased taxes on individual incomes and business profits.
(ii)Increased military expenditure and the demands for war supplies led to the sharp rise in prices which badly affected the common mass. They found it difficult to fulfil even their essential needs.
(iii)On the other hand business groups reaped fabulous profits from the war. The war created a demand for industrial goods like jute bags, cloth, rails, and caused a decline of imports from other countries into India. As a result Indian industries expanded during the war.
 

The First Round Table Conference was held from 12 November 1930 to 19 January 1931. The Congress boycotted the conference  the British Government denied discussing the issue of Poorna Swaraj demanded by the Congress.The representatives of the Princely states, minority communities and depressed class took part in  the conference. But in the absence of the Congress no settlement on Indian problems could be made. 

The reason for delayed justice in India:

a) The hopelessly inadequate number of judges and also courts in the country is undoubtedly one of the major reasons for such delay.

b) If the inadequate number of judges is one reason behind delay in judicial process another reason is the incompetence and inefficiency of judges.

As the 239th Report of the Law Commission of India noted, delays in the investigation and prosecution of criminal cases erodes faith in the rule of law and the criminal justice system, which has serious implications for the legitimacy of the Judiciary. Justice delayed, is thus justice denied.

The Lucknow Pact was an agreement that reached between the Indian National Congress and the Muslim League at the following joint session of both the parties held in Lucknow in October 1916. Through the pact, the two parties agreed to allow representation to religious minorities in the provincial legislatures.

Colonialism refers to the practice of one nation establishing its presence in another. Oftentimes, ths is done by force or by being the first to discover a new nation. For example, by virtue of its supreme navy, England was able to stake its claim to the new world, what we now call America.

When a group of people or communities are excluded from the majority because of their language, customs or religion, it is called Marginalisation. In India, you can take the example of Dalits or Muslims who are considered minority communities. The reasons for the high incidences of poverty and deprivation among the marginalized social groups are to be found in their continuing lack of access to income-earning capital assets (agricultural land and non-land assets), heavy dependence on wage employment, high unemployment, low education, and other factors. To marginalize is the process of relegating or confining to a lower or outer limit or edge, as of social standing. ... An example of marginalization at the individual level is the exclusion of single mothers from the welfare system prior to the welfare reform of the 1900s.

The Khilafat movement (1919-1924) was an agitation by Indian Muslims allied with Indian nationalism in the years following World War I. Its purpose was to pressure the British government to preserve the authority of the Ottoman Sultan as Caliph of Islam following the breakup of the Ottoman Empire at the end of the war.

 Indian population will become India's strength only when India has the power, strength and will to feed the people, provide them clothing and shelter, good education, health care and jobs.

Disadvantages
1. Sometimes will be indirect laws.
2. Lack of educational systems

A population is defined as a group of individuals of the same species living and interbreeding within a given area. As a tool for objectively studying populations, population ecologists rely on a series of statistical measures, known as demographic parameters, to describe that population.

The right against exploitation is one of the most vital fundamental rights given by the Indian Constitution. These rights aim at protecting citizens from being subjugated to environmental, domestic and work hazards. Articles 23 and 24 of the Indian Constitution safeguard women and children and others against exploitation of various forms.