There are few shreds of evidence available through which the archaeologists' could trace that the social and economic differences were present in Harappan society. The very important one among them is – The study of the burials of Harappan society.

• It has been observed that the deads were usually laid in pits but there were certain differences in the way in which these pits were made like some pits had hollowed out spaces which were lined with bricks.

• In some graves, pottery and ornaments were found, which was the basis to point out the social and economical differences in the society

• The burial artefacts have been classified into two categories - utilitarian and luxurious. Utilitarian means the daily utilities like querns, pottery, flesh rubber, and needles viz, the goods made up of clay and stone which were commonly used in the society. Objects of luxuries were made up of precious and non-local materials using advanced and complicated Technology

• As the archaeologist have studied they have reached to the point that presence of utilitarian and luxurious objects in the burials are evidence of social and economical differences existing in Harappan society

To conclude, the burials with luxury objects and those which were bricked lined would be of rich and renowned people

Power sharing is desirable in democracy because :

(1) Prudential reasons :

 (a) It helps to reduce the possibility of conflict between social groups. Since social conflict often leads to violence and political instability.

(b) It is a good way to ensure the stability of political order.

(c) Imposing the will of majority, community over others may look like an attractive option in the short run, but in the long run it undermines the unity of the nation.

 (ii) Moral reasons :

 (a) Power sharing is the very spirit of democracy. A democratic rule involves sharing power with those affected by its exercise and who have to live with its effect.

(b) People have a right to be consulted on how they are to be governed.

(c) A legitimate government is one where citizens through participation, acquire a stake in the system.

Soil profile consists of three different layers of soil. Each layer of soil is called a horizon. The three layers of soil in the soil profile are:

1. A-horizon or Top-soil: The uppermost horizon is generally dark in colour as it is rich in minerals and humus. The humus makes the soil fertile and provides nutrients to growing plants. This layer is generally soft, porous and can retain more water. The plant roots grow in the top soil. This layer contains many living things like worms, rodents, and moles etc. Bacteria and fungi also occur in top soil. This layer contains lot of dead and decaying matter which makes it the most fertile layer. It is called the topsoil or the A-horizon.
2. B-horizon or Subsoil: The layer of soil which is just below the top-soil is called B-horizon. This layer has a lesser amount of humus but more of minerals. This layer is generally harder and more compact and made up of slightly bigger rock particles than that of top-soil. The subsoil is light in color compared to upper layer.
3. C-horizon or Sub-stratum: The third layer is the C-horizon, which is made up of small lumps of rocks with cracks and crevices. Below this layer is the bedrock, which is hard and difficult to dig with a spade.

The soil profile could be seen below the top surface by looking g at the sides of a recently dug trench or can be seen at the sides of a road on the hill or a steep river bank.

sexuality

The right to freedom is a cluster of many freedoms like

• Freedom of speech and expression, which enable an individual to participate in public activities.
• Freedom to assemble peacefully without arms, on which the State can impose reasonable restrictions.
• Freedom to form associations or unions on which the State can impose reasonable restrictions.
• Freedom to move freely throughout the territory of India though reasonable restrictions. For example, restrictions may be imposed on movement and travelling, so as to control epidemics.
• Freedom to reside and settle in any part of the territory of India which is also subject to reasonable restrictions to safeguard or protect indigenous and tribal peoples from exploitation and coercion.
• Freedom to practice any profession or to carry on any occupation, trade or business on which the State may impose reasonable restrictions for example there is no right to carry on a business which is dangerous or immoral.

The highest mountain Kangchenjunga is located at the border of India and Nepal in the great Himalayas range,Sikkim. Kangchenjunga section contains five peaks and the region has twelve more peaks over 7,000 m (23,000 ft).

Six fundamental rights are

• Right to equality
• Right to freedom
• Right against exploitation
• Right to freedom of religion
• Cultural and educational rights
• Rights against constitutional remedies

Among the present day states, the states of Jammu & Kashmir, Goa, Sikkim, Telangana and Rajasthan can be said to have never been ruled directly by the British. The company took over the princely states of Satara (1848), Jaitpur and Sambalpur (1849), Nagpur and Jhansi (1854), Tore and Arcot (1855) and Udaipur (Chhattisgarh) under the terms of the doctrine of lapse. Oudh (1856) is widely believed to have been annexed under the Doctrine of Lapse. The British never took Goa it was because there was presumably a tacit understanding between the two powers. And because annexing Goa would require a full blown war that even if the British won the costs would be larger than the benefits to be gained.

Morris dancing is a form of English folk dance usually accompanied by music. It is based on rhythmic stepping and the execution of choreographed figures by a group of dancers, usually wearing bell pads on their shins. Implements such as sticks, swords and handkerchiefs may also be wielded by the dancers.

Secularism means allowing individuals the freedom to live by their religious beliefs and practices. To provide religious freedom, India adopted a strategy of separating the power of religion and the power of the State.

The English felt the need of surveying the areas they controlled because the wanted to suppress any rebellion against them in the areas that they controlled. British conducted surveys to know the country better. For better administration. To consolidate their control and establish their power and authority. Surveys were conducted to know country's topography, its local history. Also to know the social demographics i.e. people's caste, religion, language. British conducted so many surveys in India because the British people wanted to be famous all over the India and as well as the whole world by the future people . They conducted surveys in order to check their spread of business all over the India.

To be a good administrator, you must be deadline-driven and possess a high level of organization. Good administrators can balance multiple tasks simultaneously and delegate when appropriate. Planning and the ability to think strategically are useful skills that elevate administrators in their career.

Natural resources are those resources which are being gifted by nature. The natural environment such as forest, the solar, wind, fossil fuel, etc.., Natural resources can be further classified into renewable and non-renewable.

When resources are classified on the basis of their origin, it can be of two types namely:

Abiotic and biotic.

Abiotic resources: These are the resources which basically non-living in nature. All the resource which has no life is known as abiotic. They can be a book, computer, soils, rocks, etc…

Biotic Resources: These are the resources which basically living in nature. All the resource which has life is known as biotic. All the plants and animals that are natural are known as biotic.

James mill's opinion about the Asian societies was that the Asian societies is a lower level of civilization across the world. He felt that Indians believed in superstitious beliefs and saw womens as inferior, and not as advanced as the Europeans. James Mill was of the opinion that Indians and Asians were not as civilized as the Europeans were. He felt that Indians were superstitious, disrespectful to women, and not as technologically advanced as the Europeans were.

Modern history, the modern period or the modern era, is the extended, global, strategy to the point frame after post-classical account. Primary sources incorporate authentic biographies, journals, film footage, commentaries, letters, artwork, antiques, ornaments, paintings. Other sources of modern Indian history include oral evidence, creative literature and paintings. There are four categories of official records (i) central government archives, (ii) state government archives, (iii) records of intermediate and subordinate authorities, and (iv) judicial records.

The British believed that by preserving official documents it would have been easier for them or to know about the decisions taken in the past. According to the British, writing was more important than speaking as the documents in archives and museums can be utilized for reference at a much later period whenever required for studying or debating.

The last Peshwa, Baji Rao II, was defeated by the British East India Company in the Battle of Khadki which was a part of Third Anglo-Maratha War (1817–1818). The Peshwa's land (Peshwai) was annexed to the British East India Company's Bombay province, and Bajirao II, the Peshwa was pensioned off. The peshwa had returned to Puna, cutting short his Karnataka expedition, where he met a premature end brought about by tuberculosis on 18 November 1772. The great peshwa died in the precincts of Chintamani Temple at Theur near Puna.

The different tiers of government consist of representatives who are elected by the people. Constitution of India guarantees universal adult suffrage for all citizens. The people of India have a direct role in electing their representatives. Also, every citizen of the country, irrespective of his/her social background, can also contest in elections.

The state of Hyderabad was founded by the Mughal viceroy of the Deccan, Nizam-ul-Mulk Asaf Jah.