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Meghna Thapar 5 years, 7 months ago
Soil is composed of distinct layers. The rotting matter in the soil is called humus. A vertical section through the soil showing the different layers of soil is called soil profile. Soil profile consists of three different layers of soil. Each layer of soil is called a horizon. The three layers of soil in the soil profile are:
- A-horizon or Top-soil: The uppermost horizon is generally dark in colour as it is rich in minerals and humus. The humus makes the soil fertile and provides nutrients to growing plants. This layer is generally soft, porous and can retain more water. The plant roots grow in the top soil. This layer contains many living things like worms, rodents, and moles etc. Bacteria and fungi also occur in top soil. This layer contains lot of dead and decaying matter which makes it the most fertile layer. It is called the topsoil or the A-horizon.
- B-horizon or Subsoil: The layer of soil which is just below the top-soil is called B-horizon. This layer has a lesser amount of humus but more of minerals. This layer is generally harder and more compact and made up of slightly bigger rock particles than that of top-soil. The subsoil is light in color compared to upper layer.
- C-horizon or Sub-stratum: The third layer is the C-horizon, which is made up of small lumps of rocks with cracks and crevices. Below this layer is the bedrock, which is hard and difficult to dig with a spade.
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Meghna Thapar 5 years, 7 months ago
The best packaging for food storage keeps out oxygen, rodents, insects and light. Mylar bags, also known as foil pouches, block out light and oxygen from the food inside. These bags are an ideal solution to storing large and small quantities of dried foods. The three basic rules of kitchen food storage are storing the food in the right place, at the right temperature and keeping them for the right amount of time. Animals or insects will hunt for food by scent, so using airtight containers will keep them from smelling your food.
Posted by Rudra Shukla 7 years, 4 months ago
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Meghna Thapar 5 years, 7 months ago
Mechanical physics is a branch of physics that deals with the motion of material objects under the influence of forces.
Mechanical physics falls under two main branches:
- Classical mechanics
- Quantum mechanics
Classical mechanics deals with the laws of motion of physical objects and the forces that cause the motion, while quantum mechanics is the branch of physics which deals with the behaviour of smallest particles (i.e. electrons, neutrons, and protons).
Posted by Abhishek G 7 years, 4 months ago
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Meghna Thapar 5 years, 7 months ago
Cells are mostly same but are differ in shape and size and so they are performing different functions accordingly. For example, a muscle cell is differ from a nerve cell, in following ways :-
It is the structural and functional unit of nervous tissue. It is the structural unit of muscular tissue. It transmits impulses. In addition to transmission of impulses, it involves in contraction and relaxation of muscles. Here, the plasma membrane is called as neurilemma. Here, the plasma membrane is called as sarcolemma. The cytoplasm is called neuroplasm. The cytoplasm is called sarcoplasm.
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Meghna Thapar 5 years, 7 months ago
Examples of pressure in everyday life:
- A school bag has wide strap made of thick cloth so that the weight of the bag may fall over a large area of shoulder of the child producing less pressure on the shoulder due to which it is more comfortable to carry the heavy school bag.
- A sharp knife has a very thin edge of its blade. It cuts objects like vegetables better because due to its very thin edge, the force of our hand falls over a small area of the object producing a large pressure and thus cuts the objects easily.
- The tip of a sewing needle is sharp so that the needle may put the force on a very small area of cloth, producing large pressure sufficient to pierce the cloth being stitched.
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Yogita Ingle 7 years, 4 months ago
Types of Microorganisms
- Bacteria: Bacteria are microscopic organisms which have cell walls but do not have nucleus. Some bacteria are autotrophs but most are heterotrophs. Bacteria are found in different shapes; like rod-shaped, spiral, spherical and comma-shaped. Examples: Rhizobium, E. coli, Pseudomonas, Streptococcus, etc.
- Algae: Algae are green plants which are simple in structure. A cell of algae contains cell wall and chloroplast. Algae are autotrophs. Some algae are microscopic. Examples: Chlamydomonas, Spirogyra, etc.
- Fungi: Fungi have cell wall and nucleus in their cells but do not have chloroplast. Fungi are saprotrophs, i.e. they feed on dead remains of plants and animals. Almost all fungi are microscopic, except mushrooms. Examples: yeast, Rhizopus (bread mould), Aspergillus, Penicillium, etc.
- Protozoa: Protozoa do not have cell wall and chloroplast but they do have nucleus. Amoeba and Plasmodium are examples of protozoa.
Posted by Dev Brat 7 years, 4 months ago
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Yogita Ingle 7 years, 4 months ago
There are two main types of forces, viz. contact force and non-contact force.
- Contact Force: Contact force is a force which can produce its effect only by making a contact with object. Following are the contact forces:
Muscular Force: It is the force applied by muscles of humans or animals. A bullock is able to pull a cart because of muscular force. The bullock needs to be harnessed to the cart for applying the force.
- Friction: When one surface is moving over another surface, a force comes into play and opposes their relative motion. This force is called friction or force of friction. Friction always opposes motion because it acts in opposite direction to motion. Force of friction arises due to contact between two surfaces. If there is no contact between two surfaces there would be no friction.
- Non-contact Force: The non-contact force is a force which can produce its effect without making a contact with object. Following are the non-contact forces:
- Magnetic Force: The force applied by a magnet is called magnetic force. A magnet can exert its force on an object even from a distance and does not need to touch that object.
- Electrostatic Force: It is the force applied by a charged body on another charged or non-charged body. When you brush a comb in your hairs and then bring the comb near small bits of paper, the comb attracts the bits of paper. This happens because of electrostatic force.
- Gravitational Force: Every object in the universe exerts a force on another object. This force is called gravitational force. It is the gravitational force of various celestial bodies which keeps them in their position in the space.
Posted by Dev Brat 7 years, 4 months ago
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Yogita Ingle 7 years, 4 months ago
PET is a abbreviation of the synthetic polymer called Poly Ethylene Terephthalate. PET can be made into a fibre or plastic. PET as a plastic is very lightweight. It is naturally colourless with high transparency. PET is strong and impact-resistant. It is used for making bottles,jars and utensils.
Posted by Amit Kumar 7 years, 4 months ago
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Yogita Ingle 7 years, 4 months ago
A mitochondrion is a membrane bound organelle found in eukaryotic cells. This organelle generates the cell's supply of chemical energy by releasing energy stored in molecules from food and using it to produce ATP (adenosine triphosphate). ATP is a special type of "energy carrying" molecule.
Posted by Easwari Guna 7 years, 4 months ago
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Yogita Ingle 7 years, 4 months ago
Refractive Index
(i) Refractive index of a medium is that characteristic which decides speed of light in it.
(ii) It is a scalar, unit less and dimensionless quantity.
(iii) Absolute refractive index : When light travels from vacuum to any transparent medium then refractive index of medium w.r.t. vacuum is called it's absolute refractive index i.e. vacuumµmedium = c/v
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Palak Prajapati 7 years, 4 months ago
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