Fungi can be good to eat, like some mushrooms or foods made from yeast, like bread or soy sauce. ... Scientists use fungi to make antibiotics, which doctors sometimes use to treat bacterial infections.  

Importance of Fungi for Human Use

• Yeasts are crucial for the fermentation process that makes beer, wine, and bread. ...
• Some fungi are used in the production of soy sauce and tempeh, a source of protein used in Southeast Asia.
• Fungi can produce antibiotics, such as penicillin. 

Insectivorous plant

Some plants eat insects. Such plants are called insectivorous plants. They trap and digest the insects. Pitcher plant is the example of an insectivorous plant. In pitcher plant the leaf is modified to form a pitcher like structure. The bright colour of the pitcher makes it very attractive to insects. Inside the pitcher; there are several hair-like structures. These hairs direct the trapped insects downwards. When an insect sits on the pitcher of the plant, the lid closes and the insect gets trapped inside the pitcher. The insect is then digested by the enzymes secreted by the cells of the plants.

Saprotroph

Saprtrophs are non-green plants e.g. Agaricus (Mushroom) fungi, yeasts and bacteria. Saprotrophs get their food from dead or decaying organic matters. They grow on decaying organic matters such as cow-dung, wood, bread, etc.

Saprotrophs secrete digestive juice over the decaying materials and absorb nutrients from them. This is called Saprotrophic Mode of Nutrition.

A lichen is an organism that results from a mutualistic relationship between a fungus and a photosynthetic organism. The other organism is usually a cyanobacterium or green alga. The fungus grows around the bacterial or algal cells. The photosynthesizer benefits from the water and nutrients absorbed by the fungus.

Green plants make their own food by the process of photosynthesis. Chlorophyll, the green pigment found in chloroplasts, traps light energy from the sun. The plant also takes in raw materials from the environment, water through its roots and carbon dioxide moves into the stomata by diffusion.

The plant with the largest leaves in the world is Raphia regalis, a species of Raffia Palm belonging to the palm tree family Arecaceae. Raphia regalis is native to Angola, the Republic of the Congo, Gabon, Cameroon, and Nigeria.

The photosynthesis equation is as follows:

6CO₂ + 6H₂0 + (energy) → C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂

Carbon dioxide + water + energy → from light produces glucose and oxygen.

How do plant grow step by step?

1. Put the soil into the pot.
2. Then put sunflower seed into the pot.
3. Take a pot or any container.
4. Fill the pot with soil mixture. ...
5. Put the seed (e.g sunflower) into the pot and cover with additional soil.
6. Water it a bit(sprinkle).
7. Put the pot in an open area (balcony/portico).

In pitcher plant the leaf is modified to form a pitcher like structure. The bright colour of the pitcher makes it very attractive to insects. Inside the pitcher; there are several hair-like structures. These hairs direct the trapped insects downwards. When an insect sits on the pitcher of the plant, the lid closes and the insect gets trapped inside the pitcher.

All living organisms are inter depend on plants because plants take the food from sun by photosynthesis(auto trophs) and make them as food and animal which eat plants and indirectly take the sunlight and glucose (depend on the plant are called herbivores .The wild animal (carnivores and omnivores) like tiger,lion ,human being take the food from herbivores and these herbivores or carnivores which are died and decomposes in soil ,plant take them as nutrients ,so by these alll living organisms are depend upon plants.

Chlorophyll is necessary for photosynthesis; hence photosynthesis takes place only in green plants. The leaves of plants that grow in desert areas are modified in spine like structure or scales to reduce the loss of water in the course of transpiration. In such plants photosynthesis takes place in green stems.

Blood contains a fluid part called plasma and a cellular part comprising of red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets. Plasma contains water, salts and gases.

• In parasitic mode of nutrition, plants depend on other plants or animals for their nourishment.
• Such dependent plants are called as parasites and the ones on which parasites depend are called as hosts. 
• A parasite plant climbs on the host plant from which they get all the food.
• The host does not get any benefit from the parasite.
• Some examples of parasites are Cuscuta (akash-bel), Cassytha (amar-bel), hookworms, tapeworms, leeches, etc.

• The Ten percent law for the transfer of energy from one trophic level to the next was introduced by Lindeman (1942). 
• According to this law, during the transfer of energy from organic food from one trophic level to the next, only about ten percent of the energy from organic matter is stored as flesh. 
• The remaining is lost during transfer, broken down in respiration, or lost to incomplete digestion by higher trophic levels.

The second law of thermodynamics states that any spontaneously occurring process will always lead to an escalation in the entropy (S) of the universe. In simple words, the law explains that an isolated system’s entropy will never decrease over time.

The electromagnetic spectrum is a range of frequencies, wavelengths and photon energies covering frequencies from below 1 hertz to above 10²⁵ Hz corresponding to wavelengths which are a few kilometres to a fraction of the size of an atomic nucleus in the spectrum of electromagnetic waves. Generally, in a vacuum electromagnetic waves tend to travel at speeds which is similar to that of light. However, they do so at a wide range of wavelengths, frequencies, and photon energies.

Par value, also known as nominal value, is the face value of a bond or the stock value stated in the corporate charter.

When the plants take sunlight from sun then they made food with the help of sunlight , chlorophyll and water through the process of photosynthesis. So, we can conclude that all energy of sun which is trapped by plants ultimately returns to the environment.
1 percent of solar energy in terrestrial habitats and 0.2% in aquatic habitat is trapped and utilized by plants. 1% of solar energy is trapped and used by plants. It's given directly in the textbook along with the percentage of energy passed on from each tropic level (10%).

Energy enters an ecosystem from external sources and moves throughout its components. For instance, energy from the sun flows through plants, microorganisms, and animals. Energy cycles in an ecosystem end with decomposition, and then the process begins anew.

by the food web pathways previously presented, which decompose organic matter into inorganic nutrients. Nutrient cycles occur within ecosystems. Nutrient cycles that we will examine in this section include water, carbon, oxygen and nitrogen cycles.

Energy transformation is when energy changes from one form to another – like in a hydroelectric dam that transforms the kinetic energy of water into electrical energy. While energy can be transferred or transformed, the total amount of energy does not change – this is called energy conservation.

In the natural sciences an open system is one whose border is permeable to both energy and mass. By contrast, a closed system is permeable to energy but not to matter. An open system is defined as a “system in exchange of matter with its environment, presenting import and export, building-up and breaking-down of its material components.” Closed systems, on the other hand, are held to be isolated from their environment.

Energy captured from sunlight drives the production of energy-rich organic compounds during the process of photosynthesis. These organic compounds create biomass. Gross productivity is a measure of the total energy captured. Energy dynamics in a biotic community is fundamental to understanding ecological interactions.