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Meghna Thapar 5 years, 6 months ago
Gram-positive bacteria, those species with peptidoglycan outer layers, are easier to kill - their thick peptidoglycan layer absorbs antibiotics and cleaning products easily. As a result, Gram-negative bacteria are not destroyed by certain detergents which easily kill Gram-positive bacteria. Gram-negative bacteria are more dangerous as disease organisms, because their outer membrane is often hidden by a capsule or slime layer which hides the antigens of the cell and so acts as "camouflage" - the human body recognises a foreign body by its antigens.
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Posted by Manisha Chakraborty 5 years, 7 months ago
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Gaurav Seth 5 years, 7 months ago
- Plants absorb water and minerals from soil by roots and transport to the leaves.
- Leaves prepare food for plants using water and carbon di oxide.
- Food must be available to all the parts and cells of the plants because plants get energy from food by breaking down of glucose.
- Plants have root hairsin roots for increasing the surface area of the roots.
- Surface area is increased to absorb more water and nutrients.
- A group of special cells forming vascular tissue transport water and nutrients to all the cells of the plants.
- Two types of vascular tissues are xylem and
- The xylem vessels form a continuous network of channels with roots, stem, leaves and branches of the plant through which water is transported.
- The food is transported to all the parts of the plant by phloem.
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Yogita Ingle 5 years, 7 months ago
Desert plants which grow in semi-arid conditions fix atmospheric CO2 to form malic acid in the dark. These plants accumulate organic acid during the night to be used during the daytime. This pathway of carbon fixation is called Crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM).
The stem, leaves and petioles of CAM plants are fleshy or succulent. They have reduced leaves, thick cuticle and sunken stomata. Their stomata remain closed during the day and open at night. This helps the plants to conserve water, but at the same time, cuts off CO2 supply which is required for photosynthesis.
- In desert plants, the stomata are open at night and usually closed during the day.
- They take in CO2 at night and store it in the form of an intermediate product called malic acid.
- During daytime, in the presence of light, deacidification takes place in which malic acid is decarboxylated to pyruvic acid by the malic enzyme and CO2 is evolved. One molecule of NADP+ is reduced in this reaction.
- Pyruvic acid so formed may be oxidised to CO2 by the Krebs cycle or reconverted to phosphoenol pyruvic acid.
- CO2 released by deacidification is accepted by ribulose bisphosphate and fixed in the form of carbohydrate by the C3 or Calvin cycle.
Posted by Yatharth Ahuja 5 years, 7 months ago
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Yogita Ingle 5 years, 7 months ago
The mode of consumption of food by a living being and its utilization by the body is termed as Nutrition. There are two different modes of nutrition:
- Autotrophic mode of nutrition
- In autotrophic mode of nutrition the living being produces their own food in the presence of simple substances.
- The organisms undergoing this mode of nutrition are termed as autotrophs (auto meaning self; trophos meaning nourishment).
- For example, plants.
- Heterotrophic mode of nutrition
- In heterotrophic mode of nutrition the living being consumes plants or other animals.
- The organisms undergoing this mode of nutrition are termed as heterotrophs (heteros meaning another; trophos meaning nourishment).
- For example, human beings, animals.
Posted by Saksham Kumar Singh. 5 years, 7 months ago
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Saksham Kumar Singh. 5 years, 7 months ago
Meghna Thapar 5 years, 7 months ago
Massive amounts of gaseous exchange takes place in the leaves through tiny pores called stomata for the purpose of photosynthesis. The opening and closing of stomatal pores is controlled by the guard cells, when water flows into the guard cells, they swell, become curved and cause the pore to open whereas when the guard cells lose water, they shrink, become straight and close the stomatal pore.
Posted by Manisha Chakraborty 5 years, 7 months ago
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Yogita Ingle 5 years, 7 months ago
A storm is a disturbed state of environment creating severe weather conditions mainly high speed winds. A thunderstorm is a storm with sound and lightning and typically also heavy rain or hail.
- Thunderstorms develop in hot and humid areas.
- High temperature in this areas cause hot humid (with water vapours) air to rise up. So, strong upward rising winds with water droplets are generated.
- At high altitude, these water drops freeze and fall again towards earth.
- Upward movement of air and downward movement of water drops, together, cause lightning and sound
Posted by Manisha Chakraborty 5 years, 7 months ago
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Yogita Ingle 5 years, 7 months ago
Veins - the lines on the green flat part in a leaf that provide support for the leaf and transport both water and food.
Posted by Yatharth Ahuja 5 years, 7 months ago
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Yogita Ingle 5 years, 7 months ago
In plants, minerals and water are transported through the xylem cells from soil to the leaves. The xylem cells of the stem, roots, and leaves are interconnected forming a conducting channel reaching all plant parts. The root cells obtain ions from the soil which creates a difference in the concentration of ions between the roots and soil. Thus, there is a continuous water movement into the xylem. Osmosis causes osmotic pressure hence water and minerals are transported from one to another cell. Transpiration leads to a continuous water loss in addition to a suction pressure which is created due to water that is being forced into the xylem cells of the roots.
Thus, it can be said that xylem plays an important role in the transportation of water and minerals once they absorb these and transport them to different plant parts.
Posted by Anjali Sharma 5 years, 7 months ago
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Yogita Ingle 5 years, 7 months ago
Heterotrophs are the organisms which depend on other organisms for their food.
Nutrition is the process by which an organism procures its nourishment, the supply of nutrients required by its body and cells to stay alive.Heterotrophs exhibit heterotrophic mode of nutrition. Heterotrophs are the organisms that depend on plants or other organisms for their food. Heterotrophic type of nutrition can be categorized into parasitic mode, saprophytic mode and symbiotic mode of nutrition.
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Meghna Thapar 5 years, 7 months ago
Tooth decay can be stopped or reversed at this point. Enamel can repair itself by using minerals from saliva, and fluoride from toothpaste or other sources. But if the tooth decay process continues, more minerals are lost. A cavity is permanent damage that a dentist has to repair with a filling.
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Yogita Ingle 5 years, 7 months ago
Holozoic:
- Nutrition obtained by consumption and processing of food materials by organisms through several steps like ingestion or swallowing, digestion, absorption, and assimilation..
- Carbon source involves organic source.
- Sunlight is not required.
- Organisms are known as consumers.
- Organisms like amoeba to all free living animals and human are included.
Holophytic:
- Nutrition obtained by mostly plants by production of their own food through photosynthesis.
- Inorganic source from atmosphere and soil.
- Sunlight is required for preparation food.
- Organisms are known as producers.
- Organisms include plants.
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Yogita Ingle 5 years, 7 months ago
Tooth decay:
- Improper cleaning of teeth leads to growth of harmful bacteria which produce acids from the left over food present in our mouth, which damages our teeth leading to tooth decay.
- We can avoid it by brushing teeth twice a day, rinsing our mouth properly after meals, avoiding uptake of sweets, dental floss etc.
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Aaradhya Pandey 5 years, 7 months ago
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