India is a federal union comprising 28 states and 8 union territories, for a total of 36 entities. The states and union territories are further subdivided into districts and smaller administrative divisions.

Give name of countries. ques in incomplete

The non-farm activities of Palampur are dairy, small scale manufacturing and transport. Nearly 25% of the people engaged in non-farm activities. 

Non-farm activities are as follows:

Dairy is the main non-farming activity of the people of Palampur. People have domesticated cows and buffaloes. The milk is sold to the people of Raiganj.
Some people are also engaged in small manufacturing units like spinning, weaving, leather making etc. Labourers are generally not hired for small manufacturing units.
Many shopkeepers have set up their own shops selling stationery items, toothpaste, candles etc. in the village. They buy various goods from the wholesalers in the towns.
Many people of the village of Palampur are also engaged in driving tractors, jeeps, bullock carts, rickshaws and trucks. They mostly transport goods from one place to another.

A n s w e r : The key idea of the democratic government is its commitment to equality and justice.

लोकतांत्रिक सरकार का मुख्य विचार समानता और न्याय के लिए अपनी प्रतिबद्धता है।

Answer: In modern days; rulers are chosen through popular vote. But in the janapadas, a ruler was not chosen rather a person was supposed to show his supremacy to become the ruler. To do so, the raja had to perform the ashwadeha yajna so that other rajas in the mahanjanapada would accept his supremacy.

Answer:

The life of farmers and herders would have been different from that of hunter-gatherers in the following ways: 
(i) Farmers and herders lived in group. 
(ii) Farmers and herders lived settled life.
(iii) Farmers and herders lived in huts made up of mud and wood.  

Essential features of a democratic government are as follows:

1. People elect their representatives who; in turn; elect the government.
2. People get the choice of electing a new government after certain intervals.

Why do you think ordinary men and women did not generally keep records of what they did?  
Answer:
The ordinary men and women did not keep a record of what they did because they did not know how to read and write.  . Also, they lacked proper writing methods.

The Earth has two types of motions, which lead to seasons and day-night patterns. These motions are – rotation around its own axis and revolution around the Sun. Rotation means the movement of the earth on its axis. It rotates from the west towards the east. Revolution means the movement of the Earth around the Sun in a fixed path or orbit

There is a very narrow zone on Earth where land, water and air come in contact with each other. This is called biosphere. All the living things such as plants, animals, and human being exist only in this zone (the biosphere). So biosphere is of great significance for all of us. 

The rajas of mahajanapadas built forts in order to defend their capital city from attacks by other rajas. It is also probable that they wanted to show how rich and powerful they were by building large and powerful walls. The more practical reason could be that it was more easy to govern fortified cities.

) Mountains are useful to man in various ways:

• Mountains are a storehouse of water.
• Water from the mountains is also used for irrigation and generation of hydro-electricity.
• The river valleys and terraces are ideal for the cultivation of crops.
• Mountains have a rich variety of flora and fauna.
• The forests provide fuel, fodder, shelter and other products like gum, raisins, etc.
• Several sports like paragliding, hang gliding, river rafting and skiing are popular in the mountains

What tools would you use today for cutting fruit? What would they be made of?  
Answer:

Today, we used tools like knife, cutter and shilter for cutting fruits. They are made of stainless-steel or iron.  

Some cereals eaten by us are listed below:

W h e a t
R I c  e
B a r l e y
Black gram
White gram
M a I z e
Lentil
Peas
Pulses
Millet.

Answer: The books we read today are different from the Rig Veda in that the Rig Veda was chanted and heard, it was later handwritten. The text of the Rig Veda is in Sanskrit.

or

 The books we read today are written and printed. The Rigveda was recited and heard rather than read. For many years from generation to generation, the process continued. It was written down several centuries after it was first composed and printed less than 200 years ago.

State whether true or false:

1. Millets have been found at Hallur.

2. People in Burzahom lived in rectangular houses.

3. Chirand is a site in Kash mir.

4. Jadeite, found in Daojali Hading, may have been brought from China.

Answer:

1. Millets have been found at Hallur. True

2. People in Burzahom lived in rectangular houses. False

3. Chirand is a site in Kashmir. False

4. Jadeite, found in Daojali Hading, may have been brought from China. True

True

Daojali Hading is a site on the hills near the Brahmaputra Valley, close to routes leading into China and Myanmar. Here stone tools, including mortars and pestles, have been found. These indicate that people were probably growing grain and preparing food from it. Other finds include jadeite, a stone that may have been brought from China. 

False:

Chirand does not belong to the state of Kashmir. 
Chirand is in present-day Bihar. Here archaeologists found bones of buffalo and ox. They also found burnt remains of grains such as wheat, green gram and barley at Chirand.

False

Archaeologists have found traces of huts or houses at some sites. For instance, in Burzahom (in present-day Kashmir) people built pit-houses, which were dug into the ground, with steps leading into them. These may have provided shelter in cold weather.

It is True – is the correct answer because Hallur in present time is known as Andhra Pradesh and here traces of millets have been found. So, this is considered as correct option.

1. Slaves were used for ————————
2. Megaliths are found in ————————
3. Stone circles or boulders on the surface were used to ————————
4. Port-holes were used for ————————
5. People at Inamgaon ate ————————

Answer: (a)manual work, (b) burial sites, (c) serve as signposts, (d) entrance, (e) grains, fruits and meat

1. Slaves were used for ————————
2. Megaliths are found in ————————
3. Stone circles or boulders on the surface were used to ————————
4. Port-holes were used for ————————
5. People at Inamgaon ate ————————

Answer: (a)manual work, (b) burial sites, (c) serve as signposts, (d) entrance, (e) grains, fruits and meat

Following are the main teachings of the Mahavira:

People, who wish to know the truth, must leave their home.

The truth seeker must follow the rules of ahimsa. The rule of ahimsa means not hurting or killing any living being. Life is dear to all living being

The main teachings of the Buddha were:

The Buddha taught that life is full of suffering and unhappiness. This is caused because we have cravings and desires (which cannot be fulfilled).

Sometimes, even if we get what we desire, we are not satisfied (permanently) and want (or desire) even more and more (or other things). The Buddha described this as thirst or tanha.

The Buddha taught that thirst or tanha or constant craving could be removed by following moderation in everything.

He also taught people to be kind and to respect the fives of others, including animals.

The Buddha believed that the result of our actions (called Karma), whether good or bad, affect us both in this life and the next.

He also encouraged, people to think for themselves rather than to follow simply what he (the Buddha) said.

The Buddha taught in Prakrit, which was the language of the ordinary people, so that everybody could understand his message.

Diversity is the condition of having or being composed of differing elements. It means a heterogeneous population following different culture, religion, traditions etc. People are different from each other because they follow different customs.

Inequality generally refers to unequal treatment meted out to people based mainly on their social and economic conditions.  We can also say that inequality means having a heterogeneous set of economic outcomes, like income, wealth, or consumption.

Answer : Leaders are elected by people.

Extra explanation: 

 Holding elections at regular intervals has following benefits:

• People get the opportunity to change the government.
• Elected representatives work for the benefit of people because nobody likes to lose an election.
• If a government shows good performance, it is re-elected by the people.
• Frequent elections prevent autocratic rule in the country.

Office-bearers: The Sarpanch and Vice-Sarpanch are honorary members. They are not paid a salary.

Extra explanation:

Sarpanch: He is the head of the Gram Panchayat. He is elected directly and in some cases indirectly by members of the Gram Panchayat.
Members: The membership of a Village Panchayat is between 5 to 31. One-third of seats of the Panchayat are reserved for women. Seats are also reserved for Scheduled Castes/ Tribes.
A paid Secretary to the Panchayat and aTreasurer, if the Panchayat is large, are also appointed by the State government.

The four characteristics of the Ganga Brahmaputra delta are (i) The Ganga Brahmaputra delta, also named Ganga delta, Sunderban delta or Bengal delta is situated in Bangladesh and Paschim Banga state of India, where the Ganga and Brahmaputra rivers discharge into the Bay of Bengal. The total catchment area of the rivers is 1.72 million sq km. (ii) It is the world s largest delta, with a surface area of 1 lakh sq km. (iii) It is among the most fertile regions in the world. With more than 130 million inhabitants, this belongs to the most densely populated areas in the world (1300 inhabitants/sq km). (iv) Downstream of the confluence, the river is named Padma. About halfway to the ocean the Meghna joins the Padma.

The four characteristics of the Ganga Brahmaputra delta are (i) The Ganga Brahmaputra delta, also named Ganga delta, Sunderban delta or Bengal delta is situated in Bangladesh and Paschim Banga state of India, where the Ganga and Brahmaputra rivers discharge into the Bay of Bengal. The total catchment area of the rivers is 1.72 million sq km. (ii) It is the world s largest delta, with a surface area of 1 lakh sq km. (iii) It is among the most fertile regions in the world. With more than 130 million inhabitants, this belongs to the most densely populated areas in the world (1300 inhabitants/sq km). (iv) Downstream of the confluence, the river is named Padma. About halfway to the ocean the Meghna joins the Padma.