There are three factors that determine the outcome of the politics of social divisions:

1. People s perception:  If people see their identities in singular and exclusive terms, it will lead to social division and even violence. Social divisions may take place if people demand special recognition to their identities. If people see their identities in singular terms, it becomes very difficult to accommodate and avoid social divisions. As long as people in Northern Ireland saw themselves as only Catholic or Protestant, their differences were difficult to reconcile. It is much easier if the people see that their identities are multiple and are complementary with the national identity. A majority of Belgians now feel that they are as much Belgium nationals or citizens as they are Dutch or French German-speaking. This feeling binds them together. Though India is a multi-cultural country, the feeling of nationalism binds us together.
2. The reaction of the government to demands of different groups: The outcome depends on how political leaders raise the demands of any community. It is easier to accommodate demands that are within the constitutional framework and are not at the cost of another community. If the government gives equal representation and equal share of power to all the major and minor groups in the society, the chances of social divisions minimise. If the government tries to suppress demand, it could create unrest, thereby paving the way for social divisions. For instance, the demand for only Sinhala’ was at the cost of the interest and identity of the Tamil community in Sri Lanka.
3. Role of a political party and government: In another way, the political outcome of social divisions depends on how the government reacts to the demands of different groups. The role played by political leaders and the leadership provided by them play an important role in creating or filling social divisions. This is observed in Belgium and Sri Lanka. If the rulers are willing to share power and accommodate the reasonable demands of the minority community, social divisions become less threatening for the country. But if they try to suppress such a demand in the name of national unity, the end result is often quite the opposite. Such attempts at forced integration often sow the seeds of disintegration.
   Thus, the assertion of social diversities in a country needs not to be seen as a source of danger. In a democracy, the political expression of social divisions is normal and can be healthy.

Causes: After the death of Alivardi Khan, Sirajuddaulah became the nawab of Bengal. The Company wanted to limit his power and aimed at securing more trade concessions from them. Sirajuddaulah was an assertive ruler who asked the East India Company not to interfere in the political affairs of the state, to stop fortifying the area and to pay the revenues to the state. After the Company refused to accept his demands, Sirajuddaulah marched with his army to Kassimbazar and imposed his writ. He also took over the fort at Calcutta.

Summer Solstice:
i) It is the position of the Earth when the rays of the sun fall directly on the tropic of cancer.
ii) In this position, the North pole is tilted towards the sun.
iii) Due to large portion of the Northern hemisphere gets light from sun, it is summer in Northern Hemisphere.
iv) During this period in Northern hemisphere, days are longer than nights.

The equator is an imaginary circular line and is a very important reference point to locate places on the earth. All parallel circles from the equator up to the poles are called parallels of latitudes. Lines of reference running from the North pole to the South pole, these lines of reference are called the meridians of longitude.

The name India is derived from Indus, which originates from the Old Persian word Hinduš.

The people of Kerala practice many different religions such as Judaism, Islam, Christianity, Hinduism and Buddhism.

Skilled gatherers were people who gathered their food. They knew about the vast wealth of plants in the surrounding forests and collected roots, fruits, and other forest produce for food. They also hunted animals. A hunter-gatherer is a human living in a society in which most or all food is obtained by foraging (collecting wild plants and pursuing wild animals). Hunter-gatherer societies stand in contrast to agricultural societies, which rely mainly on domesticated species. A hunter-gatherer is a human living in a society in which most or all food is obtained by foraging (collecting wild plants and pursuing wild animals). ... Following the invention of agriculture, hunter-gatherers who did not change have been displaced or conquered by farming or pastoralist groups in most parts of the world.

A country's customs, religions, arts and history constitute its culture. The Indian culture, often labeled as an amalgamation of several various cultures, spans across the Indian subcontinent and has been influenced and shaped by a history that is several thousand years old. Throughout the history of India, Indian culture has been heavily influenced by Dharmic religions.

Magadha played an important role in the development of Jainism and Buddhism, and two of India's greatest empires, the Maurya Empire and Gupta Empire, originated in Magadha. This region of Greater Magadha had a culture and religious beliefs of its own that predates Hinduism. The victory of Magadha was the victory of monarchical system... Drained by several rivers the land was not only fertile but fit for agriculture and also provided continous water supply and cheap water transport.

A monarchy is a form of government in which a single person holds supreme authority in ruling a country, also performing ceremonial duties and embodying the country's national identity.

(i) Animals provide us draught power, transportation, meat,eggs. 
(ii) Fish provide us nutritive food.
(iii) Many insects helps in pollination of crops.
(iv) Animals are important part of our ecosystem and exert biological control on such insects, which are harmful.
(v)Animals skin is used to prepare leather.

The primitive man was a hunter gatherer. He used to hunt animals and gather fruits and other plant produce for food. The early man did not live at one place, rather used to move from one place to another. This means that the early man lived a nomadic life.

Two essential features of a democratic government are as follows:

• People elect their representatives who; in turn; elect the government.
• People get the choice of electing a new government after certain intervals.