Earthworms are small worms which can move easily on hard and slippery surfaces. Earthworms move with help of tiny, stiff hair-like projections called bristles. Earthworms move forward by repeated contractions and relaxations of their muscles in the skin. A slimy substance secreted by the earthworm helps in its movement. 

Artificial magnets are prepared by imparting the properties of natural magnet to the magnetic substances by rubbing with magnet or by theprocess of induction.

Air is present everywhere on earth. Different components of air along with their composition are elucidated.
Nitrogen - 78.08%
Oxygen - 20.95%
Carbon dioxide - 0.033%
Other gases - Negligible amount.
Other than these gases air comprises water vapour, smoke, dust particles etc

Living' means a thing which can grow, reproduce and has the cellular organisation. A living thing is also aware of its surrounding. These unique characteristics make a living thing different from non-living things.

Four defining features of life forms are:

(a) Growth: It is the permanent increase in cell number and size of the organism. It involves cell division. Dead organisms do not grow.

(b) Reproduction: The ability of an organism to produce progeny, more or less similar to itself, is called reproduction. Two main modes of reproduction found in organisms are the asexual reproduction and sexual reproduction.

(c) Metabolism : The sum total of all the chemical reactions occurring in the body of an organism is metabolism. No non-living object exhibits metabolism.

(d) Cellular organisation: The body of all living beings consists of one or many cells, therefore cell is known as the fundamental unit of life.

All living organisms exhibit certain characteristics of life.

• Living things require food
• Living things exhibit growth
• Living things perform respiration
• Living things excrete
• Livings Things move
• Livings Things respond to stimuli
• Livings Things Reproduce
• Livings Things Die

Habitat of an organism is its immediate surroundings. Habitat is the home of the organism where it can find food, shelter and favourable conditions for breeding. Habitat includes both living and non-living components. Plants and animals possess special characters which help them to survive in their own habitat.

When switch is in ‘OFF’ position, then the circuit is open i.e. no current flows through the circuit and when switch is in ‘ON’ position, then the circuit is complete i.e. current flows through the circuit.

The axillary bud is a bud that develops in the axil of a leaf of a plant .

Axillary buds develop from the nodes which then becomes a new stem.

In botany, succulent plants, also known as succulents, are plants that have some parts that are more than normally thickened and fleshy, usually to retain water in arid climates or soil conditions. The word "succulent" comes from the Latin word sucus, meaning juice, or sap.

Plants which are able to survive in dry regions are called xerophytes.

There are many ways to avoid the wastage of food. One must be aware of certain things which are necessary to avoid wasting. Some  of the following ways are listed  :
1. Always plan the cooking. Cook only the amount you need.  
2. Take only the required amount of food in your plate. If needed you can always go for the  second serve.
3. Left over food can be transformed into novel dish for the next day.
4. Don't cook food that you have never tried in large amount.
5. In social gatherings or functions , some means of checking should be done so that people don't waste cooked food

Vegetative propagation. Regeneration of new plants from plant portions is called vegetative propagation. these structures which give rise to a new offspring are called vegetative propagules e.g. rhizome, bulb, tuber etc.

Examples.
1. In Century plant (Agave sp.) flowers, buds develop into bulbils which drop to the ground and develop into new plants.
2. Potato tubers possess buds which grow into new plants.

The cyclic movement of water from the atmosphere to the Earth and back to the atmosphere through various processes is called as water cycle.

Different steps of water cycle include evaporation, transpiration, condensation, precipitation and surface run-off.

Evaporation - The water present on the surface of oceans evaporates by the sun’s heat. This process of conversion of water from liquid state to vapour state is called evaporation. Evaporation also takes place from wet clothes, fields, ponds, lakes and rivers.

Transpiration - Plants take in water from the soil to prepare their own food and also for other life processes. They release excess water into air in the form of water vapour by the process of transpiration.

Condensation - The evaporated water is carried away by warm air. As the warm air moves higher from the surface of the Earth, it starts to cool down. This water vapour condenses to form tiny water droplets which float in air to form clouds or fog.

Precipitation - All these droplets collect to form bigger drops of water. Bigger water drops come down ads rain by the process of precipitation. If the air is too cold, the water drops can become snow or hail and may settle on the top of a mountain. When these snow or hail melts, they can become part of a river or a stream.

Surface run-off – Some amount of rain water is absorbed by the soil and settles down as ground water. Most of the rain water flows down the hills and mountains to collect into rivers, lakes or streams. Rain also washes away the topmost layer of the soil into water bodies.