Legal Bites’ course on Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) has been formulated along the lines of the curriculum followed by the best universities in the world. The 5 modules in this course aim to provide theoretical and practical insight into the subtle art of ADR. After reading all the suggested material under this course, readers will be well-equipped with the concepts of ADR.

1. Separation of power means there is no relationship between any organ of the government.Every organ like legislature,executive and judiciary have their own power and they can enjoy there power freely.On the other hand 'Division of power means distribution of power among the various organ of the government.like central to state,state to district, district to village .In this process everyone can enjoy a certain degree of power.
2. In case of separation of power we can cite the example of USA because in USA there is a clear separation of power between legislature,executive and judiciary.But in case of division of power we can cite the example of India because India follows the path of parliamentary from of govt.
3. In case of division of power there is a close relationship between legislature and executive. But in case of separation of power there is no relationship between legislature and executive.

The Independence of Judiciary means:

1. Other branches of government – the legislature and the executive – cannot interfere in the work of the judiciary. The courts are not under the government and do not act on their behalf.
2. Independence of the judiciary allows the courts to play a central role in ensuring that there is no misuse of power by the legislature and the executive.
3. Independence of the judiciary also plays a crucial role in protecting the Fundamental Rights of citizens.

Mediation is an alternative method of resolving disputes without resorting to the courts. It is a structured, voluntary and interactive negotiation process where a neutral third-party uses specialized communication and negotiation techniques to help the parties in fulfilling their stated objectives. There are 6 steps to a formal mediation; 1) introductory remarks, 2) statement of the problem by the parties, 3) information gathering time, 4) identification of the problems, 5) bargaining and generating options, and 6) reaching an agreement.

International human rights law lays down obligations which States are bound to respect. ... The obligation to protect requires States to protect individuals and groups against human rights abuses. The obligation to fulfil means that States must take positive action to facilitate the enjoyment of basic human rights. In order to give the human rights listed in the UDHR the force of law, the United Nations drafted two covenants, the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) and the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR).

Defamation is punishable in a civil court as a tort, a civil wrong punishable in damages. It is also punishable as a criminal offence, under Sections 499 and 500 of the Indian Penal Code (IPC) of 1860, punishable by a magistrate with imprisonment or a fine or both. Under the American federal law system, defamation claims are largely governed by state law, subject to the limitations imposed by the free speech and press provisions of the First Amendment to the U.S. Constitution as interpreted and applied by the Supreme Court and other courts.

From cave paintings to high definition films, art in the Western World has evolved and adapted to fit that culture's beliefs and ideals. Despite its ever-changing techniques and themes, the presence of art in every day life has always been a constant. The term Western civilization is a catchall to refer to the many cultures of European heritage that share common cultural ideas, philosophical foundations, and ancestral beliefs. Basically, the idea is that these cultures all have a common heritage, which has been important in the development of each.

The main difference between arbitration and mediation is that in arbitration the arbitrator hears evidence and makes a decision. Arbitration is like the court process as parties still provide testimony and give evidence similar to a trial but it is usually less formal. In mediation, the process is a negotiation with the assistance of a neutral third party. The parties do not reach a resolution unless all sides agree