Describe malthus theory

Malthus’s theory of population growth – outlined in his Essay on Population (1798)- was a rather pessimistic one. He was of the view that the human population tends to grow at a much faster rate than the rate at which the human subsistence can grow. Therefore, humanity is condemned to live in poverty forever because the growth of agricultural production will always be overtaken by population growth. Because population growth is always more than the growth in production of subsistence resources, the only way to increase prosperity is by controlling the growth of population.
According to Malthus, there are two checks of population control:

1. Positive Checks: Those checks which are implemented by nature are called positive checks. That is why the death rate increases. For example, war, epidemic, earthquake, famine, tsunami, flood, etc. These natural checks are very painful to put they reduce the population to a great extent. These checks are not permanent.
2. Preventive Checks: These types of checks are the efforts made by humans. There are divided into two parts-morality and prevention through artificial means. In moral checks person uses his mental level to control the population. According to Mathus, moral checks are good but artificial checks are against religion.