reasons of civil disobidience movement synopsis

FACTORS LEADING TO CIVIL DISOBEDIANCE MOVEMENT :

        1. SOCIAL AND POLITICAL SITUATION : The unrest social and political situation helped in launching of civil disobediance movement.

        2. ANTI SIMON COMMISSION : this commission which was formed by british governement o 1927AD to formalize costitution of india which was fully of british members, due to this indian national congress and other politicaland social organisations rejected the commission and named it  as WHITE COMMISSION.

        3. NEHRU REPORT REJECTION : In 1928AD A new constitution was prepared by the commitee which was headed by MOTITLAL NEHRU in calcutta 1928 INDIAN NATIONAL CONGRESS demanded british governement to accept NEHRU'S Report.The main theme of the report was to get the DOMINION STATUS TO INDIA.and warned and blackmailed british governement,if they not accepted the report, they should be threatened and a CIVIL DISOBEDIANCE movement should be started.This is one of the important cause for the CIVIL DISOBEDIANCE MOVEMENT

          * LORD IRWIN the governer general of india declared the main objective of the constitutional reform was the to GRANT dominion status for INDIA.after the declaration GANDHIJI and other leaders sugestesd a round table conference to solve the constitutional crisis and they also requested to release

            POLITICAL PRISIONORS.

        4. NATIONAL CONGRESS started the CIVIL DISOBEDIOANCE MOVEMENT when the bristish governement didn't respond to any of their demands POSITIVELY.

The Lahore Congress of 1929 authorized the Working Committee to launch a programme of civil disobedience. Gandhiji was invested with full powers to launch the Civil Disobedience movement. He gave his ultimatum to Lord Irwin on 31 January 1930. His ultimatum being ignored the Civil Disobedience was launched.

Causes:

The Congress declared that if the government did not accept a constitution based on the dominion status within a year, it would adopt ‘Purana Swaraj’ as its goal.

In 1929, having a meeting with Ramsay Macdonald, the Prime Minister of England, Lord Irwin returned to India and declared that the object of the British Government was to grant India dominion status. But the Prime Minister under pressure of the conservative leaders, failed to keep his promise. When Gandhiji met Lord Irwin in December 1929, the latter refused to make any commitment regarding dominion status.

In utter despair Gandhiji said, ‘I have burnt my boat’. The country became prepared to fight for ‘Purana Swaraj’.

According to Amales Tripathi, the main cause of the Civil Disobedience movement was worldwide economic depression during the period 1929-1930. Young leaders of the Congress became impatient for a movement. The revolutionaries were not sitting idle. The organizations of the works and the peasants gathered strength under organizations of the workers and the peasants gathered strength under the leadership of the communists. All these events led Gandhiji to feel the necessity of launching Civil Disobedience movement.

Government’s repressive measures:

The government adopted severe repressive measured.  About 60000 persons passed through jail in course of the movement. The police killed two prisoners in Hijli Detention Camp.

At Bundur, T.N. Naidu was beaten unconscious. The Congress was declared an illegal organization. Punitive taxes were imposed.

Significance:

According to the wish of Gandhiji, the Congress withdrew the Civil Disobedience in 1934. Though the movement failed but it had great significance.

• The movement marked an important state in the progress of the freedom struggle.
• The movement received global attention.
• Imports from Britain had fallen considerably.
• The participation of the Muslims was significant.
• Even middle and upper class Muslim women were active.