The digested food is assimilated into the body of the living organisms which is used mainly for two purposes:
- It is used as a fuel to get energy for various life processes.
- It is used as a material for the growth and repair of the body.
The process of releasing energy from food is called respiration. It involves taking in oxygen into the cells, using it for releasing energy by burning food, and then eliminating the waste products from the body.
The mechanism by which an organism obtains oxygen from the air and releases carbon dioxide is called breathing.
Difference between breathing and respiration:-
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Breathing
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Respiration
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(i) Breathing is a simple process.
(ii) Breathing involves taking in oxygen from the air and releasing carbon dioxide into the air.
(iii) Breathing is a physical process.
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(i) Respiration is a complex process.
(ii) Respiration includes breathing as well as the oxidation of food in the cells of the organism to release energy.
(iii) Respiration is a bio-chemical process.
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The respiration takes place inside the cells of the body so it is known as cellular respiration. The energy released during cellular respiration is immediately used to synthesize a molecule called ATP which is used to fuel all other activities in the cell. In these processes, ATP is broken down giving rise to a fixed amount of energy which can drive the endothermic reactions taking place in the cell.
Diffusion is insufficient to meet the oxygen requirements of large multicellular organisms like humans because the volume of human body is so big that the oxygen cannot diffuse into all the cells of the human body quickly and oxygen will have to travel large distances to reach each and every cell of the body.
Large organisms contain a respiratory pigment called haemoglobin which carries the oxygen from the lungs to all the body cells very efficiently.
A terrestrial animal has an advantage over an aquatic animal in regard to obtaining oxygen for respiration that it is surrounded by an oxygen rich atmosphere from where it can take any amount of oxygen.
The aquatic animals use the oxygen dissolved in water to carry out respiration. The terrestrial animals obtain oxygen from air. The rate of breathing in aquatic animals is much faster than terrestrial animals because the amount of oxygen dissolved in water is low as compared to the amount of oxygen dissolved in air.
There are two ways in which glucose is oxidized to provide energy in various organisms:
(i) Anaerobic respiration – The respiration which takes place without oxygen is called anaerobic respiration.
Example: Yeast and some bacteria break down glucose into ethanol and carbon dioxide.
Anaerobic respiration takes place in human muscles during vigorous physical exercise because oxygen gets used up faster in the muscle cells than can be supplied by the blood.
(ii) Aerobic respiration – The respiration which uses oxygen is called aerobic respiration.
Example: Plants and animals break down glucose completely into carbon dioxide and water to release energy.
The end-products of anaerobic respiration in muscles of human beings is lactic acid and in yeast cells, ethanol and carbon dioxide are released. Carbon dioxide and water are released during aerobic respiration. Large amount of energy is released in aerobic respiration as compared to anaerobic respiration.
Difference between aerobic respiration and anaerobic respiration:
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Aerobic respiration
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Anaerobic respiration
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(i) Aerobic respiration takes place in the presence of oxygen.
(ii) Complete breakdown of food occurs in aerobic respiration.
(iii) The end products in aerobic respiration are carbon dioxide and water.
(iv) Aerobic respiration produces a considerable amount of energy.
Example: Human Beings.
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(i) Anaerobic respiration takes place in the absence of oxygen.
(ii) Partial breakdown of food occurs in anaerobic respiration.
(iii) The end products in anaerobic respiration are ethanol and carbon dioxide (in yeast) and lactic acid (in animal muscles).
(iv) Much less energy is produced in anaerobic respiration.
Example: Yeast.
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Meghna Thapar 3 years, 5 months ago
The digested food is assimilated into the body of the living organisms which is used mainly for two purposes:
The process of releasing energy from food is called respiration. It involves taking in oxygen into the cells, using it for releasing energy by burning food, and then eliminating the waste products from the body.
The mechanism by which an organism obtains oxygen from the air and releases carbon dioxide is called breathing.
Difference between breathing and respiration:-
Breathing
Respiration
(i) Breathing is a simple process.
(ii) Breathing involves taking in oxygen from the air and releasing carbon dioxide into the air.
(iii) Breathing is a physical process.
(i) Respiration is a complex process.
(ii) Respiration includes breathing as well as the oxidation of food in the cells of the organism to release energy.
(iii) Respiration is a bio-chemical process.
The respiration takes place inside the cells of the body so it is known as cellular respiration. The energy released during cellular respiration is immediately used to synthesize a molecule called ATP which is used to fuel all other activities in the cell. In these processes, ATP is broken down giving rise to a fixed amount of energy which can drive the endothermic reactions taking place in the cell.
Diffusion is insufficient to meet the oxygen requirements of large multicellular organisms like humans because the volume of human body is so big that the oxygen cannot diffuse into all the cells of the human body quickly and oxygen will have to travel large distances to reach each and every cell of the body.
Large organisms contain a respiratory pigment called haemoglobin which carries the oxygen from the lungs to all the body cells very efficiently.
A terrestrial animal has an advantage over an aquatic animal in regard to obtaining oxygen for respiration that it is surrounded by an oxygen rich atmosphere from where it can take any amount of oxygen.
The aquatic animals use the oxygen dissolved in water to carry out respiration. The terrestrial animals obtain oxygen from air. The rate of breathing in aquatic animals is much faster than terrestrial animals because the amount of oxygen dissolved in water is low as compared to the amount of oxygen dissolved in air.
There are two ways in which glucose is oxidized to provide energy in various organisms:
(i) Anaerobic respiration – The respiration which takes place without oxygen is called anaerobic respiration.
Example: Yeast and some bacteria break down glucose into ethanol and carbon dioxide.
Anaerobic respiration takes place in human muscles during vigorous physical exercise because oxygen gets used up faster in the muscle cells than can be supplied by the blood.
(ii) Aerobic respiration – The respiration which uses oxygen is called aerobic respiration.
Example: Plants and animals break down glucose completely into carbon dioxide and water to release energy.
The end-products of anaerobic respiration in muscles of human beings is lactic acid and in yeast cells, ethanol and carbon dioxide are released. Carbon dioxide and water are released during aerobic respiration. Large amount of energy is released in aerobic respiration as compared to anaerobic respiration.
Difference between aerobic respiration and anaerobic respiration:
Aerobic respiration
Anaerobic respiration
(i) Aerobic respiration takes place in the presence of oxygen.
(ii) Complete breakdown of food occurs in aerobic respiration.
(iii) The end products in aerobic respiration are carbon dioxide and water.
(iv) Aerobic respiration produces a considerable amount of energy.
Example: Human Beings.
(i) Anaerobic respiration takes place in the absence of oxygen.
(ii) Partial breakdown of food occurs in anaerobic respiration.
(iii) The end products in anaerobic respiration are ethanol and carbon dioxide (in yeast) and lactic acid (in animal muscles).
(iv) Much less energy is produced in anaerobic respiration.
Example: Yeast.
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