{"id":9932,"date":"2018-02-14T16:21:22","date_gmt":"2018-02-14T10:51:22","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/blog\/?p=9932"},"modified":"2019-03-18T14:58:31","modified_gmt":"2019-03-18T09:28:31","slug":"employment-growth-informalisation-issues-class-11-notes-economics","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/blog\/employment-growth-informalisation-issues-class-11-notes-economics\/","title":{"rendered":"Employment : Growth, Informalisation and other Issues class 12 Notes Economics"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_76 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 eztoc-toggle-hide-by-default' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/blog\/employment-growth-informalisation-issues-class-11-notes-economics\/#Employment_Growth_Informalisation_and_other_Issues_class_12_Notes_Economics\" >Employment: Growth, Informalisation and other Issues class 12 Notes Economics<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/blog\/employment-growth-informalisation-issues-class-11-notes-economics\/#Types_of_unemployment\" >Types of unemployment:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/blog\/employment-growth-informalisation-issues-class-11-notes-economics\/#Causes_of_unemployment\" >Causes of unemployment:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/blog\/employment-growth-informalisation-issues-class-11-notes-economics\/#Remedial_measures_for_unemployment\" >Remedial measures for unemployment:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/blog\/employment-growth-informalisation-issues-class-11-notes-economics\/#Special_programmes_to_fight_poverty_and_unemployment\" >Special programmes to fight poverty and unemployment:<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/blog\/employment-growth-informalisation-issues-class-11-notes-economics\/#Revision_Notes_for_Class_12_%E2%80%93_Free_PDF_Download\" >Revision Notes for Class 12 \u2013 Free PDF Download<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<p>Employment: Growth, Informalisation and other Issues class 12 Notes Economics in PDF are available for free download in myCBSEguide mobile app. The best app for CBSE students now provides Employment: Growth, Informalisation and Other Issues class 12 Notes Economics latest chapter wise notes for quick preparation of CBSE exams and school-based annual examinations. Class 12 Economics notes on Employment: Growth, Informalisation and Other Issues class 12 Notes Economics are also available for download in CBSE Guide website.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Employment_Growth_Informalisation_and_other_Issues_class_12_Notes_Economics\"><\/span><strong>Employment: Growth, Informalisation and other Issues class 12 Notes Economics<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Download CBSE class 12th revision notes for Employment: Growth, Informalisation and Other Issues class 12 Notes Economics in PDF format for free. Download revision notes for Employment: Growth, Informalisation and Other Issues class 12 Notes Economics and score high in exams. These are the Employment: Growth, Informalisation and Other Issues class 12 Notes Economics prepared by team of expert teachers. The revision notes help you revise the whole chapter in minutes. Revising notes in exam days is on of the best tips recommended by teachers during exam days.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a class=\"button\" href=\"https:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/downloads\/cbse-class-12-economics\/1327\/cbse-revision-notes\/7\/\">Download Revision Notes as PDF<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Work plays an important role in our lives as an individual\u00a0and as members of society.<\/p>\n<p>A <strong>worker<\/strong> is an individual, who is involved in some productive activity, to earn a living.<\/p>\n<p>An <strong>economic activity<\/strong> refers to the activity performed by people to earn the living. The main three types of economic activities are consumption, production and distribution.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Production activity<\/strong> refers to all those activities which are under taken to produce goods and services for generation of income.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Labour force:<\/strong> All persons, who are working (have a job) and those are not working but able to work and willing to work at the existing wage rate constitutes labour force.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Labour Force:<\/strong> Persons working + persons seeking and\/or available for work.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Work force:<\/strong> The number of persons, who are actually employed at a particular time are known as workforce. It includes all those persons who are actually engaged in productive activities. This includes person between age group of 15-60 years.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Labour supply:<\/strong> It refers to various amount of labour that workers are willing to work,\u00a0corresponding to a particular\u00a0wage rate.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Work Force Participation Rate(Ratio):- <\/strong>It is measured as the ratio between workforce and total population of a country.<br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" id=\"Picture 1\" class=\"alignnone\" src=\"https:\/\/media-mycbseguide.s3.amazonaws.com\/images\/static\/revise\/11\/eco\/ch15\/image001.png\" alt=\" Employment : Growth, Informalisation and Other Issues class 12 Notes Economics\" width=\"172\" height=\"49\" \/>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Types of workers:<\/strong><br \/>\n(a) Self employed<br \/>\n(b) Hired workers<br \/>\ni. Casual Workers<br \/>\nii. Regular Workers(Salaried)<\/p>\n<p><strong>(a) Self Employed:-<\/strong> The worker who own and operate an enterprise to earn their livelihood are known as self employed.<\/p>\n<p><strong>(b) Hired workers:-<\/strong> Those people who are hired by others and are paid wages or salaries as a reward\u00a0for their services are called hired workers.<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>Casual Workers:-<\/strong> Those people, who are not hired by their employers on a regular\/permanent basis and do not get social security benefits are said to be casual workers.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Regular Workers(Salaried):<\/strong>&#8211; When a worker is engaged by someone or by an enterprise and paid his or her wages on a regular basis, they are known to as regular salaried employees or regular workers.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>About ttwo-fifthof the total population in the country is engaged in various economic activities.<\/p>\n<p>Men particularly rural men, form the major section of workforce in India.<\/p>\n<p>Majority of workers in India are self employed, casual wage labourers and regular salaried employees together account for less than half the proportion of India\u2019s workforce.<\/p>\n<p>About three fifth of India\u2019s workforce depends on agriculture and other allied activities as the major source of livelihood.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Jobless Growth:<\/strong> It is defined as a situation where GDP grows faster than the employment opportunities resulting in unemployment.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Casualisation and informalisation of employment:<\/strong> Casualisation refers to a situation when the percentage of casually hired workers in the total workforce tends to rise over time.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Informalisation:<\/strong> Refers to a situation when people tend to find employment more in informal sector of the economy, and less in formal sector of the economy.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Unemployment:<\/strong> It is a situation where a person is ready and willing to work at the prevailing wage-rate but doesn\u2019t get work.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Unemployment Rate:<\/strong>\u00a0It is calculated as percentage of labour force who are unemployed, not as percentage of total population.<strong><span class=\"cke_widget_wrapper cke_widget_inline cke_widget_selected\"><span class=\"math-tex cke_widget_element\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone\" src=\"https:\/\/elpiscart.com\/cgi-bin\/mathtex.cgi?{{NumberofPersonUnemployed} \\over {SizeofLabourForce}} \\times 100\" alt=\" Employment : Growth, Informalisation and Other Issues class 12 Notes Economics\" width=\"273\" height=\"36\" \/><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Types_of_unemployment\"><\/span><strong>Types of unemployment:<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><strong>1. Rural unemployment<\/strong><br \/>\na. Seasonal Unemployment<br \/>\nb. Disguised Unemployment<\/p>\n<p><strong>2. Other types of unemployment<\/strong><br \/>\na. Open<br \/>\nb. Frictional<br \/>\nc. Structural<br \/>\nd. Cyclical<\/p>\n<p><strong>3. Urban Unemployment<\/strong><br \/>\na. Industrial Unemployment<br \/>\nb. Educated Unemployment<br \/>\nc. Technological Unemployment<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Frictional unemployment<\/strong><em>\u00a0<\/em>is defined as the unemployment that occurs because of people moving or changing occupations.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Structural unemployment<\/strong>\u00a0is defined as unemployment arising from technical change such as automation, or from changes in the composition of output due to variations in the types of products people demand. For example, a decline in the demand for typewriters would lead to structurally unemployed workers in the typewriter industry.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Cyclical unemployment<\/strong>\u00a0is defined as workers losing their jobs due to business cycle fluctuations in output, i.e. the normal up and down movements in the economy as it cycles through booms and recessions over time.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Open Unemployment <\/strong>refers to that situation wherein the worker is willing to work and has the necessary\u00a0ability to work yet he does not get work and\u00a0remains unemployed for full time.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Seasonal Unemployment:- <\/strong>It refers to a situation where a number of person that are not able to find\u00a0a job\u00a0in a particular season.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Disguised unemployment<\/strong> is a kind of unemployment in which some people look like being employed but are actually not employed fully. This situation is also known as Hidden Unemployment. In such a situation more people are engaged in a work than required<u>.In other words it refers to a situation of employment with surplus manpower in which some workers have zero marginal productivity<\/u>. For example in rural areas, this type of unemployment is generally found in agricultural sector.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Technological Unemployment:-<\/strong> A somewhat structural unemployment may take place in an economy as a result of technological improvement. Such unemployment may be described as technological unemployment. Due to the introduction of new machinery, improvement in methods of production, labour-saving devices etc., some workers tend to be replaced by machines. Their unemployment is termed as \u201ctechnological unemployment.\u201d<\/li>\n<li><strong>Educated Unemployment:-<\/strong> Among the educated people, apart from open unemployment, many are underemployed because their qualification does not match the job. Faulty education system, mass output, preference for white collar jobs, lack of employable skills and dwindling formal salaried jobs are mainly responsible for unemployment among educated youths in India. Educated unemployment may be either open or underemployment.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Causes_of_unemployment\"><\/span><strong>Causes of unemployment:<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>a. Slow rate of economic growth<br \/>\nb. Population explosion<br \/>\nc. Underdeveloped agriculture<br \/>\nd. Defective educational system<br \/>\ne. Slow growth of Industry<br \/>\nf. Decline of cottage and small industry.<br \/>\ng. Faulty planning<br \/>\nh. Inadequate employment planning.<br \/>\ni. Low capital formation.<br \/>\nj. Excessive use of Foreign Technology<br \/>\nk. Lack of financial resources<br \/>\nl. Increase in labour force<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Remedial_measures_for_unemployment\"><\/span><strong>Remedial measures for unemployment:<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>a. Accelerating growth rate of GDP<br \/>\nb. Control of population growth<br \/>\nc. Development to small scale enterprises.<br \/>\nd. Encouragement in infrastructure.<br \/>\ne. Special employment programmes.<br \/>\nf. Rapid industrialisation.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Special_programmes_to_fight_poverty_and_unemployment\"><\/span><strong>Special programmes to fight poverty and unemployment:<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MNREGA)<br \/>\nIts a significant recent attempt of govt, offering guaranteed employment to those in the rural areas who are below poverty line.<br \/>\na. Swarnjyanti sahari Rozgar yojna.<br \/>\nb. Swarnjyanti Gram Swarozgaar yojna.<br \/>\nc. Pradhan Mantri Gramodaya Rozgar yojna.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Revision_Notes_for_Class_12_%E2%80%93_Free_PDF_Download\"><\/span>Revision Notes for Class 12 \u2013 Free PDF Download<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>CBSE quick revision note for class-12 Mathematics, Physics, Chemistry, Biology and other subject are very helpful to revise the whole syllabus during exam days. The revision notes covers all important formulas and concepts given in the chapter. Even if you wish to have an overview of a chapter, quick revision notes are here to do if for you. These notes will certainly save your time during stressful exam days.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/downloads\/cbse-class-12-physics\/1251\/cbse-revision-notes\/7\/\">Physics<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/downloads\/cbse-class-12-chemistry\/1267\/cbse-revision-notes\/7\/\">Chemistry<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/downloads\/cbse-class-12-mathematics\/1284\/cbse-revision-notes\/7\/\">Mathematics<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/downloads\/cbse-class-12-biology\/1298\/cbse-revision-notes\/7\/\">Biology<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/downloads\/cbse-class-12-accountancy\/1315\/cbse-revision-notes\/7\/\">Accountancy<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/downloads\/cbse-class-12-economics\/1327\/cbse-revision-notes\/7\/\">Economics<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/downloads\/cbse-class-12-business-studies\/1727\/cbse-revision-notes\/7\/\">Business Studies<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/downloads\/cbse-class-12-computer-science\/1851\/cbse-revision-notes\/7\/\">Computer Science<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/downloads\/cbse-class-12-informatics-practices\/1873\/cbse-revision-notes\/7\/\">Informatics Practices<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/downloads\/cbse-class-12-english-core\/1855\/cbse-revision-notes\/7\/\">English Core<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/downloads\/cbse-class-12-history\/1869\/cbse-revision-notes\/7\/\">History<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/downloads\/cbse-class-12-physical-education\/1877\/cbse-revision-notes\/7\/\">Physical Education<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>To download Employment : Growth, Informalisation and Other Issues class 11 Notes, sample paper for class 11 Chemistry, Physics, Biology, History, Political Science, Economics, Geography, Computer Science, Home Science, Accountancy, Business Studies and Home Science; do check myCBSEguide app or website. myCBSEguide provides sample papers with solution, test papers for chapter-wise practice, NCERT solutions, NCERT Exemplar solutions, quick revision notes for ready reference, CBSE guess papers and CBSE important question papers. Sample Paper all are made available through\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/play.google.com\/store\/apps\/details?id=in.techchefs.MyCBSEGuide&amp;referrer=utm_source%3Dmycbse_bottom%26utm_medium%3Dtext%26utm_campaign%3Dmycbseads\"><strong>the best app for CBSE students<\/strong><\/a>\u00a0and myCBSEguide website.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Employment: Growth, Informalisation and other Issues class 12 Notes Economics in PDF are available for free download in myCBSEguide mobile app. The best app for CBSE students now provides Employment: Growth, Informalisation and Other Issues class 12 Notes Economics latest chapter wise notes for quick preparation of CBSE exams and school-based annual examinations. Class 12 &#8230; <a title=\"Employment : Growth, Informalisation and other Issues class 12 Notes Economics\" class=\"read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/blog\/employment-growth-informalisation-issues-class-11-notes-economics\/\" aria-label=\"More on Employment : Growth, Informalisation and other Issues class 12 Notes Economics\">Read more<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1437,456],"tags":[457,150,1342,650,764,765,426,240],"class_list":["post-9932","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-economics-cbse-class-12","category-revision-notes","tag-cbse-notes","tag-cbse-notes-and-key-points","tag-class-12","tag-economics-notes","tag-employment-growth","tag-informalisation-and-other-issues","tag-quick-revision","tag-quick-revision-notes"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the 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