{"id":9929,"date":"2018-02-14T16:13:32","date_gmt":"2018-02-14T10:43:32","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/blog\/?p=9929"},"modified":"2019-03-18T14:40:09","modified_gmt":"2019-03-18T09:10:09","slug":"rural-development-class-11-notes-economics","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/blog\/rural-development-class-11-notes-economics\/","title":{"rendered":"Rural Development Class 12 Notes Economics"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_76 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 eztoc-toggle-hide-by-default' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/blog\/rural-development-class-11-notes-economics\/#Rural_Development_Class_12_Notes_Economics\" >Rural Development Class 12 Notes Economics<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/blog\/rural-development-class-11-notes-economics\/#Revision_Notes_of_Class_12_Rural_Development\" >Revision Notes of Class 12 Rural Development<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/blog\/rural-development-class-11-notes-economics\/#Key_issues_in_rural_development\" >Key issues in rural development.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/blog\/rural-development-class-11-notes-economics\/#Sources_of_rural_credit_in_India\" >Sources of rural credit in India.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/blog\/rural-development-class-11-notes-economics\/#Defects_of_agricultural_marketing\" >Defects of agricultural marketing<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/blog\/rural-development-class-11-notes-economics\/#Measures_adopted_by_the_government_to_improve_marketing_system\" >Measures adopted by the government to improve marketing system.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/blog\/rural-development-class-11-notes-economics\/#Diversification_in_agriculture_activities-It_has_the_two_aspects\" >Diversification in agriculture activities-It has the two aspects.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/blog\/rural-development-class-11-notes-economics\/#Advantages_of_organic_farming\" >Advantages of organic farming:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/blog\/rural-development-class-11-notes-economics\/#Limitation_of_Organic_farming\" >Limitation of Organic farming:<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/blog\/rural-development-class-11-notes-economics\/#Revision_Notes_for_Class_12_%E2%80%93_Free_PDF_Download\" >Revision Notes for Class 12 \u2013 Free PDF Download<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<p><strong>Rural Development Class 12 Notes Economics<\/strong> in PDF are available for free download in myCBSEguide mobile app. The best app for CBSE students now provides Rural Development class 12 Notes Economics latest chapter wise notes for quick preparation of CBSE exams and school based annual examinations. Class 12 Economics notes on Rural Development class 12 Notes Economics are also available for download in CBSE Guide website.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Rural_Development_Class_12_Notes_Economics\"><\/span><strong>Rural Development Class 12 Notes Economics<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Download CBSE class 12th revision notes for Rural Development class 12 Notes Economics in PDF format for free. Download revision notes for Rural Development class 12 Notes Economics and score high in exams. These are the Rural Development class 12 Notes Economics prepared by team of expert teachers. The revision notes help you revise the whole chapter in minutes. Revising notes in exam days is on of the best tips recommended by teachers during exam days.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a class=\"button\" href=\"https:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/downloads\/cbse-class-12-economics\/1327\/cbse-revision-notes\/7\/\">Download Revision Notes as PDF<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Revision_Notes_of_Class_12_Rural_Development\"><\/span><strong>Revision Notes of Class 12 Rural Development<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><strong>Rural development<\/strong> is a comprehensive\u00a0term which essentially focuses on action for the development of area which is lagging behind in overall development of village economy.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Objectives of rural development:<\/strong><br \/>\n1. Increasing productivity of agricultural sector.<br \/>\n2. Generating alternative means of livelihood in rural sector.<br \/>\n3. Promoting education and health facilities in the rural areas.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Key_issues_in_rural_development\"><\/span><strong>Key issues in rural development.<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>(i) A robust system of rural credit.<br \/>\n(ii) A system of marketing that ensures remunerative price to the farmer for his produce.<br \/>\n(iii) Diversification of crops that reduce risks of production and induces commercialisation of farming.<br \/>\n(iv) Diversification of production activity with a view to find alternative means of sustainable living other than crop-cultivation.<br \/>\n(v) Promotion of organic farming with a view to make crop cultivation environmental friendly as well as a sustainable process over a long\u00a0period of time.<br \/>\n(vi) Honest system of land reforms.<br \/>\n(vii) Development of human resource like health, addressing both sanitation and public health.<br \/>\n(viii)\u00a0Development of human resource including\u00a0literacy, education and skill development.<br \/>\n(ix)\u00a0Development of Infrastructure like electricity, irrigation, transport facility, etc.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Rural credit <\/strong>means credit for the farming communities. Farmers require credit for various purposes like purchasing agricultural tools and machines, digging wells and tube wells, purchasing seeds, fertilizers, pesticides, etc.<br \/>\nThe gestation period between sowing and harvesting is high. so, farmers have to borrow to fulfill\u00a0their needs during\u00a0this period.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Sources_of_rural_credit_in_India\"><\/span><strong>Sources of rural credit in India.<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>1. Non-institutional sources are money lenders, traders and commission agents, landlord, relatives and friends.<\/p>\n<p>2. Institutional sources are as follow:<br \/>\n(i) Co-operative credit societies.<br \/>\n(ii) Commercial Banks<br \/>\n(iii) Regional Rural Banks<br \/>\n(iv) NABARD (National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development.) (established in 1982)<br \/>\n(v) Self Help Groups (SHGs)<\/p>\n<p>The above institutional structure of rural banking which is called multi-agency system which has initiated by govt. in 1969.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Agricultural marketing <\/strong>means all those activities which includes-gathering the produce after harvesting, processing the produce, grading the produce according to its quality, packaging the produce according to preferences of buyers, storing the produce for future sale and selling the produce when price is lucrative.<\/p>\n<p>In other words,\u00a0Agricultural marketing covers the services involved in\u00a0moving an agricultural product from the farm to the consumer.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Defects_of_agricultural_marketing\"><\/span><strong>Defects of agricultural marketing<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>(i) Inadequate warehouses<br \/>\n(ii) Multiplicity of middlemen<br \/>\n(iii) Malpractice in unregulated markets.<br \/>\n(iv) Lack of Adequate finance<br \/>\n(v) Inadequate means of transport and communication.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Measures_adopted_by_the_government_to_improve_marketing_system\"><\/span><strong>Measures adopted by the government to improve marketing system.<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>(i) Regulation of markets.<br \/>\n(ii) Co-operative agricultural marketing societies.<br \/>\n(iii) Provision of warehousing facilities.<br \/>\n(iv) Subsidised transport.<br \/>\n(v) Dissemination of marketing information.<br \/>\n(vi) Buffer stocks and minimum support price (MSP)<br \/>\n(vii) Public Distribution System (PDS)<br \/>\n(viii) Alternative marketing channels<br \/>\n(ix) Improvement of physical\u00a0Infrastructure<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Diversification_in_agriculture_activities-It_has_the_two_aspects\"><\/span><strong>Diversification in agriculture activities-It has the two aspects.<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><strong>1. Diversification of crop production<\/strong> refers to a system of multiple cropping rather than mono cropping. It may also mean a shift from subsistence farming to commercial farming.<br \/>\nIt has the three advantages:<br \/>\n(i) It lowers the risk of farmer on account of failure of monsoon.<br \/>\n(ii) It enhances the scope for commercialisation of farming.<br \/>\n(iii) Minimise\u00a0the market risk arising due to price fluctuation.<\/p>\n<p><strong>2. Diversification of productive activities<\/strong> imply a shift from crop farming to non-farming areas of employment. Non-farm areas of employment include.<br \/>\n(i) Animal husbandry.<br \/>\n(ii) Fisheries.<br \/>\n(iii) Horticulture.<br \/>\n(iv) Cottage and household industry.<br \/>\n(v) Information technology-every village a knowledge Centre<\/p>\n<p>It has following advantages:<br \/>\n1. Reduce the risk from agriculture sector.<br \/>\n2. Provide ecological balance.<br \/>\n3. Provide\u00a0sustainable livelihood option to people living in village.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Organic farming<\/strong> is a system of farming that maintains, enhances and restores the ecological balance. It helps in sustainable development of\u00a0the agricultural sector, In organic forming, farmers use organic manure, bio fertilizers and organic pesticides.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Advantages_of_organic_farming\"><\/span><strong>Advantages of organic farming:<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>(i) Inexpensive process.<br \/>\n(ii) Generates income.<br \/>\n(iii) Healthier and tastier food.<br \/>\n(iv) Solves unemployment problem.<br \/>\n(v) Environment friendly.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Limitation_of_Organic_farming\"><\/span><strong>Limitation of Organic farming:<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>(i) Yields from organic farming is less than modern agricultural farming in initial years.<br \/>\n(ii) Organic produce have shorter shelf life than sprayed\u00a0produce.<br \/>\n(iii) Choice in production of off-season crops is\u00a0quite limited in organic farming.<\/p>\n<p>Organic farming involves labour-intensive process of production of labour so India has comparative advantage in organic farming.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Operation Flood<\/strong><br \/>\nIt is a system of milk co-operatives, launched in 1966. This system emphasised the pooling of milk by farmers through co-operatives societies.<br \/>\nThis increased the quantum of sale as well the market value of product. The production in\u00a0milk increased four-fold. This system if commonly called operation flood.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Labour force<\/strong>: It refers to actual member of people available for work.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Non-farm sector<\/strong>: It refers to jobs in govt. manufacturing, services, construction, mining, retail, etc.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Labour intensive Process<\/strong>: It refers to the process or industry that requires a large amount of labour to produce its goods.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Revision_Notes_for_Class_12_%E2%80%93_Free_PDF_Download\"><\/span>Revision Notes for Class 12 \u2013 Free PDF Download<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>CBSE quick revision note for class-12 Mathematics, Physics, Chemistry, Biology, and other subject are very helpful to revise the whole syllabus during exam days. The revision notes covers all important formulas and concepts given in the chapter. Even if you wish to have an overview of a chapter, quick revision notes are here to do if for you. These notes will certainly save your time during stressful exam days.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/downloads\/cbse-class-12-physics\/1251\/cbse-revision-notes\/7\/\">Physics<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/downloads\/cbse-class-12-chemistry\/1267\/cbse-revision-notes\/7\/\">Chemistry<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/downloads\/cbse-class-12-mathematics\/1284\/cbse-revision-notes\/7\/\">Mathematics<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/downloads\/cbse-class-12-biology\/1298\/cbse-revision-notes\/7\/\">Biology<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/downloads\/cbse-class-12-accountancy\/1315\/cbse-revision-notes\/7\/\">Accountancy<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/downloads\/cbse-class-12-economics\/1327\/cbse-revision-notes\/7\/\">Economics<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/downloads\/cbse-class-12-business-studies\/1727\/cbse-revision-notes\/7\/\">Business Studies<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/downloads\/cbse-class-12-computer-science\/1851\/cbse-revision-notes\/7\/\">Computer Science<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/downloads\/cbse-class-12-informatics-practices\/1873\/cbse-revision-notes\/7\/\">Informatics Practices<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/downloads\/cbse-class-12-english-core\/1855\/cbse-revision-notes\/7\/\">English Core<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/downloads\/cbse-class-12-history\/1869\/cbse-revision-notes\/7\/\">History<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/downloads\/cbse-class-12-physical-education\/1877\/cbse-revision-notes\/7\/\">Physical Education<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>To download sample paper for class 12 Chemistry, Physics, Biology, History, Political Science, Economics, Geography, Computer Science, Home Science, Accountancy, Business Studies and Home Science; do check myCBSEguide app or website. myCBSEguide provides sample papers with solution, test papers for chapter-wise practice, NCERT solutions, NCERT Exemplar solutions, quick revision notes for ready reference, CBSE guess papers and CBSE important question papers. Sample Paper all are made available through\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/play.google.com\/store\/apps\/details?id=in.techchefs.MyCBSEGuide&amp;referrer=utm_source%3Dmycbse_bottom%26utm_medium%3Dtext%26utm_campaign%3Dmycbseads\"><strong>the best app for CBSE students<\/strong><\/a>\u00a0and myCBSEguide website.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Rural Development Class 12 Notes Economics in PDF are available for free download in myCBSEguide mobile app. The best app for CBSE students now provides Rural Development class 12 Notes Economics latest chapter wise notes for quick preparation of CBSE exams and school based annual examinations. Class 12 Economics notes on Rural Development class 12 &#8230; <a title=\"Rural Development Class 12 Notes Economics\" class=\"read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/blog\/rural-development-class-11-notes-economics\/\" aria-label=\"More on Rural Development Class 12 Notes Economics\">Read more<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":9865,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1437,456],"tags":[457,150,1342,650,426,240,762],"class_list":["post-9929","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-economics-cbse-class-12","category-revision-notes","tag-cbse-notes","tag-cbse-notes-and-key-points","tag-class-12","tag-economics-notes","tag-quick-revision","tag-quick-revision-notes","tag-rural-development"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.0 - 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