{"id":9740,"date":"2018-02-13T16:11:29","date_gmt":"2018-02-13T10:41:29","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/blog\/?p=9740"},"modified":"2018-03-17T11:06:14","modified_gmt":"2018-03-17T05:36:14","slug":"breathing-and-exchange-of-gases-class-11-notes-biology","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/blog\/breathing-and-exchange-of-gases-class-11-notes-biology\/","title":{"rendered":"Breathing and Exchange of Gases class 11 Notes Biology"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_76 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 eztoc-toggle-hide-by-default' ><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-2' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/blog\/breathing-and-exchange-of-gases-class-11-notes-biology\/#CBSE_Guide_Breathing_and_Exchange_of_Gases_class_11_Notes\" >CBSE Guide Breathing and Exchange of Gases class 11 Notes<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/blog\/breathing-and-exchange-of-gases-class-11-notes-biology\/#Breathing_and_Exchange_of_Gases_class_11_Notes_Biology\" >Breathing and Exchange of Gases class 11 Notes Biology<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/blog\/breathing-and-exchange-of-gases-class-11-notes-biology\/#Download_Revision_Notes_as_PDF\" >Download Revision Notes as PDF<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-2' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/blog\/breathing-and-exchange-of-gases-class-11-notes-biology\/#Breathing_and_Exchange_of_Gases_class_11_Notes\" >Breathing and Exchange of Gases class 11 Notes<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/blog\/breathing-and-exchange-of-gases-class-11-notes-biology\/#CBSE_Class-11_Revision_Notes_and_Key_Points\" >CBSE Class-11 Revision Notes and Key Points<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<p>CBSE Biology Chapter 17 Breathing and Exchange of Gases class 11 Notes Biology in PDF are available for free download in myCBSEguide mobile app. The best app for CBSE students now provides Breathing and Exchange of Gases class 11 Notes Biology latest chapter wise notes for quick preparation of CBSE exams and school based annual examinations. Class 11 Biology notes on Chapter 17 Breathing and Exchange of Gases class 11 Notes Biology are also available for download in CBSE Guide website.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"CBSE_Guide_Breathing_and_Exchange_of_Gases_class_11_Notes\"><\/span>CBSE Guide Breathing and Exchange of Gases class 11 Notes<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>CBSE guide notes are the comprehensive notes which covers the latest syllabus of CBSE and NCERT. It includes all the topics given in NCERT class 11 Biology text book. Users can download CBSE guide quick revision notes from myCBSEguide mobile app and my CBSE guide website.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Breathing_and_Exchange_of_Gases_class_11_Notes_Biology\"><\/span>Breathing and Exchange of Gases class 11 Notes Biology<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Download CBSE class 11th revision notes for Chapter 17 Breathing and Exchange of Gases class 11 Notes Biology in PDF format for free. Download revision notes for Breathing and Exchange of Gases class 11 Notes Biology and score high in exams. These are the Breathing and Exchange of Gases class 11 Notes Biology prepared by team of expert teachers. The revision notes help you revise the whole chapter in minutes. Revising notes in exam days is on of the best tips recommended by teachers during exam days.<\/p>\n<h1 style=\"text-align: center\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Download_Revision_Notes_as_PDF\"><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/downloads\/cbse-class-11-biology\/1388\/cbse-revision-notes\/7\/\">Download Revision Notes as PDF<\/a><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h1>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><strong>CBSE Quick Revision Notes<br \/>\nCBSE Class-11 Biology<br \/>\nCHAPTER-17<br \/>\nBreathing and Exchange of Gases class 11 Notes Biology<br \/>\n<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The process of exchange of O<sub>2<\/sub> from the atmosphere with CO<sub>2<\/sub> produced by the cell is called breathing. It occurs in two stages of inspiration and expiration. During inspiration air enters the lungs from atmosphere and during expiration air leaves the lungs.<\/p>\n<table border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"2\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Breathing<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>Respiration<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>a.<\/strong> It is simply an intake of fresh air and removal of foul air.<\/p>\n<p><strong>b.<\/strong> It is a physical process.<\/p>\n<p><strong>c.<\/strong> No energy is released.<\/p>\n<p><strong>d.<\/strong> It is an extracellular process.<\/td>\n<td><strong>a.<\/strong> It is the oxidation of food to form carbon dioxide, water and energy.<\/p>\n<p><strong>b.<\/strong> It is a biochemical process.<\/p>\n<p><strong>c.<\/strong> Energy is released in form of ATP.<\/p>\n<p><strong>d.<\/strong> It is an intracellular process.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>Respiratory Organs \u2013 <\/strong>Mechanism of breathing varies in different organism according to their body structure and habitat.<\/p>\n<table border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"1\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Respiratory Organs<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>Organisms<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Entire Body surface<\/td>\n<td>Sponges, coelenterate, flatworms.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Skin<\/td>\n<td>Earthworm.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Tracheal system<\/td>\n<td>Insects<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Gills<\/td>\n<td>Pisces, aquatic arthropods.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Lungs<\/td>\n<td>Amphibians, mammals.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>Human Respiratory System<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Human respiratory system consists of a pair of nostrils, pharynx, larynx, bronchi and bronchioles that finally terminates into alveoli.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Nasal chamber<\/strong> open into pharynx that leads to <strong>larynx<\/strong>. Larynx contains voice box (sound box) that help in sound production.<\/li>\n<li>The trachea, primary, secondary and tertiary bronchi and initial bronchioles are supported by <strong>incomplete cartilaginous rings<\/strong> to prevent collapsing in absence of air.<\/li>\n<li>Each bronchiole terminates into an irregular walled, vascularized bag like structure called <strong>alveoli<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/media-mycbseguide.s3.amazonaws.com\/images\/static\/revise\/11\/biology\/11_Bio_ch17_01.png\" \/><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>The branching network of bronchi, bronchioles and alveoli collectively form the lungs.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li>Two lungs are covered with double layered <strong>pleura<\/strong> having pleural fluid between them to reduce the friction on lung surface.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/media-mycbseguide.s3.amazonaws.com\/images\/static\/revise\/11\/biology\/11_Bio_ch17_02.png\" \/><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Conducting parts<\/strong> include nostrils, pharynx, larynx and trachea. Main functions include-<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol>\n<li>Transport of atmospheric air to alveoli.<\/li>\n<li>Removing foreign particles from air, humidifying it and bringing it to body temperature.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n<li>The <strong>exchange parts<\/strong> are alveoli. It is the site of actual diffusion of <span class=\"cke_widget_wrapper cke_widget_inline cke_widget_selected\"><span class=\"math-tex cke_widget_element\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/elpiscart.com\/cgi-bin\/mathtex.cgi?{O_2}\" \/><\/span><\/span>\u00a0and C<span class=\"cke_widget_wrapper cke_widget_inline cke_widget_selected\"><span class=\"math-tex cke_widget_element\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/elpiscart.com\/cgi-bin\/mathtex.cgi?{O_2}\" \/><\/span><\/span>\u00a0between blood and atmospheric air.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Steps of Respiration<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Breathing in which Oxygen rich atmospheric air is diffused in and C<span class=\"cke_widget_wrapper cke_widget_inline cke_widget_selected\"><span class=\"math-tex cke_widget_element\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/elpiscart.com\/cgi-bin\/mathtex.cgi?{O_2}\" \/><\/span><\/span>\u00a0rich alveolar air is diffused out.<\/li>\n<li>Diffusion of gases across alveolar membrane.<\/li>\n<li>Transport of gases by blood.<\/li>\n<li>Diffusion of <span class=\"cke_widget_wrapper cke_widget_inline cke_widget_selected\"><span class=\"math-tex cke_widget_element\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/elpiscart.com\/cgi-bin\/mathtex.cgi?{O_2}\" \/><\/span><\/span>\u00a0and C<span class=\"cke_widget_wrapper cke_widget_inline cke_widget_selected\"><span class=\"math-tex cke_widget_element\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/elpiscart.com\/cgi-bin\/mathtex.cgi?{O_2}\" \/><\/span><\/span>\u00a0between blood and tissues.<\/li>\n<li>Utilization of <span class=\"cke_widget_wrapper cke_widget_inline cke_widget_selected\"><span class=\"math-tex cke_widget_element\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/elpiscart.com\/cgi-bin\/mathtex.cgi?{O_2}\" \/><\/span><\/span>\u00a0by cells to obtain energy and release of C<span class=\"cke_widget_wrapper cke_widget_inline cke_widget_selected\"><span class=\"math-tex cke_widget_element\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/elpiscart.com\/cgi-bin\/mathtex.cgi?{O_2}\" \/><\/span><\/span>\u00a0(cellular respiration).<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><strong>Mechanism of Breathing<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Breathing involves inspiration and expiration. During inspiration atmospheric air is drawn in and during expiration, alveolar air is released out.<\/li>\n<li>Movement of air in and out takes place due to difference in<strong> pressure gradient<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li>Inspiration occurs when pressure inside the lung is less and expiration occurs when pressure is more in lungs than outside.<\/li>\n<li>The diaphragm and external and internal <strong>intercostal muscles<\/strong> between the ribs help in developing pressure gradient due to change in volume.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/media-mycbseguide.s3.amazonaws.com\/images\/static\/revise\/11\/biology\/11_Bio_ch17_03.png\" \/><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>The contraction of intercostal muscles lifts the ribs and sternum causing an increase in volume of thoracic cavity that results in<strong> decrease in pressure<\/strong> than the atmospheric pressure. This causes inspiration.<\/li>\n<li>Relaxation of the diaphragm and intercostal muscles reduce the thoracic volume and <strong>increase the pressure<\/strong> causing expiration.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li>The volume of air involved in breathing movements is estimated by using <strong>spirometer<\/strong> for clinical assessment of pulmonary functions.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/media-mycbseguide.s3.amazonaws.com\/images\/static\/revise\/11\/biology\/11_Bio_ch17_04.png\" \/><\/p>\n<p><strong>Respiratory Volume and Capacities<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Tidal volume (TV) &#8211; <\/strong>volume of air inspired or expired during a normal respiration. It is about 500mL in healthy man.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Inspiratory Reserve Volume (IRV) \u2013 <\/strong>additional volume of air a person can inspire by forceful inspiration. It is about 2500 mL to 3000mL.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Expiatory Reserve Volume (ERV) \u2013 <\/strong>additional volume of air a person can expire by forceful expiration. It is about 1000 mL to 1100mL.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Residual Volume (RV) &#8211;<\/strong> volume of air remaining in lungs even after a forcible expiration. It is about 1100mL to 1200mL.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Inspiratory Capacity (IC) &#8211;<\/strong> TV + IRV<\/p>\n<p><strong>Expiratory Capacity (EC) \u2013<\/strong> TV + ERV<\/p>\n<p><strong>Functional Residual Capacity (FRC) &#8211; <\/strong>ERV + RV<\/p>\n<p><strong>Vital Capacity (VC) &#8211;<\/strong> maximum volume of air a person can breathe in after a forceful expiration. ERV+ TV+ IRV<\/p>\n<p><strong>Total Lung Capacity (TLC) &#8211;<\/strong> total volume of air accommodated in lung at the end of forced inspiration. RV+ ERV+ TV+ IRV or Vital capacity + Residual Volume.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/media-mycbseguide.s3.amazonaws.com\/images\/static\/revise\/11\/biology\/11_Bio_ch17_05.jpg\" \/><\/p>\n<p><strong>Exchange of Gases<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Exchange of gases takes place at <strong>two sites<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol>\n<li>Alveoli to blood<\/li>\n<li>Between blood and tissues.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n<li>Exchanges of gases occur by simple diffusion due to pressure\/ concentration gradient, solubility of the gases and thickness of membrane.<\/li>\n<li>Pressure contributed by individual gas in a mixture of gas is called partial pressure represented by pC<span class=\"cke_widget_wrapper cke_widget_inline cke_widget_selected\"><span class=\"math-tex cke_widget_element\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/elpiscart.com\/cgi-bin\/mathtex.cgi?{O_2}\" \/><\/span><\/span>\u00a0and p<span class=\"cke_widget_wrapper cke_widget_inline cke_widget_selected\"><span class=\"math-tex cke_widget_element\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/elpiscart.com\/cgi-bin\/mathtex.cgi?{O_2}\" \/><\/span><\/span>\u00a0.<\/li>\n<li>Partial pressure of Oxygen and carbon dioxide at different part involved in diffusion varies from one part to another and moves from higher partial pressure to lower partial pressure.<\/li>\n<li>Solubility of C<span class=\"cke_widget_wrapper cke_widget_inline cke_widget_selected\"><span class=\"math-tex cke_widget_element\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/elpiscart.com\/cgi-bin\/mathtex.cgi?{O_2}\" \/><\/span><\/span>\u00a0is 20-25 times more than solubility of <span class=\"cke_widget_wrapper cke_widget_inline cke_widget_selected\"><span class=\"math-tex cke_widget_element\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/elpiscart.com\/cgi-bin\/mathtex.cgi?{O_2}\" \/><\/span><\/span>\u00a0, so C<span class=\"cke_widget_wrapper cke_widget_inline cke_widget_selected\"><span class=\"math-tex cke_widget_element\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/elpiscart.com\/cgi-bin\/mathtex.cgi?{O_2}\" \/><\/span><\/span>\u00a0diffuse much faster through membrane.<\/li>\n<li>Diffusion membrane is three layered thick, that is alveolar squamous epithelium, endothelium of alveolar capillaries and basement substance between them.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/media-mycbseguide.s3.amazonaws.com\/images\/static\/revise\/11\/biology\/11_Bio_ch17_06.png\" \/><\/p>\n<p><strong>Transport of Gases<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Blood is the medium of transport for C<span class=\"cke_widget_wrapper cke_widget_inline cke_widget_selected\"><span class=\"math-tex cke_widget_element\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/elpiscart.com\/cgi-bin\/mathtex.cgi?{O_2}\" \/><\/span><\/span>\u00a0and <span class=\"cke_widget_wrapper cke_widget_inline cke_widget_selected\"><span class=\"math-tex cke_widget_element\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/elpiscart.com\/cgi-bin\/mathtex.cgi?{O_2}\" \/><\/span><\/span>\u00a0. Most of oxygen (97%) is transported through RBC and remaining 3% by blood plasma.<\/li>\n<li>20-25% of C<span class=\"cke_widget_wrapper cke_widget_inline cke_widget_selected\"><span class=\"math-tex cke_widget_element\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/elpiscart.com\/cgi-bin\/mathtex.cgi?{O_2}\" \/><\/span><\/span>\u00a0is transported by RBC, 70% as bicarbonate and rest 7% in dissolved state by blood plasma.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Transport of Oxygen<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Haemoglobin in RBC combines with <span class=\"cke_widget_wrapper cke_widget_inline cke_widget_selected\"><span class=\"math-tex cke_widget_element\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/elpiscart.com\/cgi-bin\/mathtex.cgi?{O_2}\" \/><\/span><\/span>\u00a0to form <strong>Oxyhaemoglobin<\/strong>. Each haemoglobin combine with four oxygen molecules.<\/li>\n<li>Binding of <span class=\"cke_widget_wrapper cke_widget_inline cke_widget_selected\"><span class=\"math-tex cke_widget_element\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/elpiscart.com\/cgi-bin\/mathtex.cgi?{O_2}\" \/><\/span><\/span>\u00a0is related with partial pressure of <span class=\"cke_widget_wrapper cke_widget_inline cke_widget_selected\"><span class=\"math-tex cke_widget_element\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/elpiscart.com\/cgi-bin\/mathtex.cgi?{O_2}\" \/><\/span><\/span>\u00a0and <span class=\"cke_widget_wrapper cke_widget_inline cke_widget_selected\"><span class=\"math-tex cke_widget_element\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/elpiscart.com\/cgi-bin\/mathtex.cgi?{CO_2}\" \/><\/span><\/span>, hydrogen ion concentration and temperature.<\/li>\n<li>Percentage saturation of haemoglobin and partial pressure of oxygen forms sigmoid curve (oxygen dissociation curve).<\/li>\n<li>In the alveoli, p<span class=\"cke_widget_wrapper cke_widget_inline cke_widget_selected\"><span class=\"math-tex cke_widget_element\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/elpiscart.com\/cgi-bin\/mathtex.cgi?{O_2}\" \/><\/span><\/span>\u00a0is more and pC<span class=\"cke_widget_wrapper cke_widget_inline cke_widget_selected\"><span class=\"math-tex cke_widget_element\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/elpiscart.com\/cgi-bin\/mathtex.cgi?{O_2}\" \/><\/span><\/span>\u00a0is less, less H+ ions concentration and lower temperature favour the binding of <span class=\"cke_widget_wrapper cke_widget_inline cke_widget_selected\"><span class=\"math-tex cke_widget_element\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/elpiscart.com\/cgi-bin\/mathtex.cgi?{O_2}\" \/><\/span><\/span>\u00a0with hemoglobin. Where opposite condition in tissues favour the dissociation of Oxyhaemoglobin.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Transport of Carbon dioxide<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Carbon dioxide is transported by haemoglobin as <strong>carbamino-haemoglobin<\/strong>. In tissues pC<span class=\"cke_widget_wrapper cke_widget_inline cke_widget_selected\"><span class=\"math-tex cke_widget_element\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/elpiscart.com\/cgi-bin\/mathtex.cgi?{O_2}\" \/><\/span><\/span>\u00a0is high and p<span class=\"cke_widget_wrapper cke_widget_inline cke_widget_selected\"><span class=\"math-tex cke_widget_element\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/elpiscart.com\/cgi-bin\/mathtex.cgi?{O_2}\" \/><\/span><\/span>\u00a0is less that favour the binding of carbon dioxide with haemoglobin. Opposite condition help in dissociation of carbamino- haemoglobin in alveoli.<\/li>\n<li>Enzyme <strong>carbonic anhydrase<\/strong> help in formation of carbonate ions to transport carbon dioxide.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Regulation of Respiration<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Human beings have ability to maintain and moderate the rate of respiration to fulfill the demand of body tissues by neural system.<\/li>\n<li>Respiratory rhythm centre is located in <strong>medulla<\/strong> region of hind brain. <strong>Pneumotaxic centre<\/strong> in pons moderate the function of respiratory rhythm centre.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Chemo-sensitive area<\/strong> near rhythm centre is highly sensitive to C\u00a0and H+ ions that ultimately control the respiratory rate. Oxygen do not play major role in controlling rate of respiration.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Functions of Respiration<\/strong>&#8211;<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Energy production<\/li>\n<li>Maintenance of acid-base balance.<\/li>\n<li>Maintenance of temperature<\/li>\n<li>Return of blood and lymph.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><strong>Mountain Sickness <\/strong>is the condition characterised by the ill effect of hypoxia (shortage of oxygen) in the tissues at high altitude commonly to person going to high altitude for the first time.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Symptoms-<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Loss of appetite, nausea, and vomiting occurs due to expansion of gases in digestive system.<\/li>\n<li>Breathlessness occurs because of pulmonary oedema.<\/li>\n<li>Headache, depression, disorientation, lack of sleep, weakness and fatigue.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Disorder of Respiratory System<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>Asthma<\/strong>&#8211; it is due to allergic reaction to foreign particles that affect the respiratory tract. The symptoms include coughing, wheezing and difficulty in breathing. This is due to excess of mucus in wall of respiratory tract.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Emphysema<\/strong>&#8211; is the inflation or abnormal distension of the bronchioles or alveolar sacs of lungs. This occurs due to destroying of septa between alveoli because of smoking and inhalation of other smokes. The exhalation becomes difficult and lung remains inflated.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Occupational Respiratory Disorders<\/strong>&#8211; occurs due to occupation of individual. This is caused by inhalation of gas, fumes or dust present in surrounding of work place. This includes Silicosis, Asbestoses due to exposer of silica and asbestos. The symptom includes proliferation of fibrous connective tissue of upper part of lung causing inflammation.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Pneumonia<\/strong>&#8211; it is acute infection or inflammation of the alveoli of the lungs due to bacterium <em>streptococcus pneumoniae. <\/em>Alveoli become acutely inflamed and most of air space of the alveoli is filled with fluid and dead white blood corpuscles limiting gaseous exchange.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Breathing_and_Exchange_of_Gases_class_11_Notes\"><\/span>Breathing and Exchange of Gases class 11 Notes<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>CBSE Revision notes (PDF Download) Free<\/li>\n<li>CBSE Revision notes for Class 11 Biology PDF<\/li>\n<li>CBSE Revision notes Class 11 Biology \u2013 CBSE<\/li>\n<li>CBSE Revisions notes and Key Points Class 11 Biology<\/li>\n<li>Summary of the NCERT books all chapters in Biology class 11<\/li>\n<li>Short notes for CBSE class 11th Biology<\/li>\n<li>Key notes and chapter summary of Biology class 11<\/li>\n<li>Quick revision notes for CBSE exams<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"CBSE_Class-11_Revision_Notes_and_Key_Points\"><\/span><strong>CBSE Class-11 Revision Notes and Key Points<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Breathing and Exchange of Gases class 11 Notes Biology. CBSE quick revision note for class-11 Mathematics, Physics, Chemistry, Biology and other subject are very helpful to revise the whole syllabus during exam days. The revision notes covers all important formulas and concepts given in the chapter. Even if you wish to have an overview of a chapter, quick revision notes are here to do if for you. These notes will certainly save your time during stressful exam days.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/downloads\/cbse-class-11-physics\/1340\/cbse-revision-notes\/7\/\">Revision Notes for class-11 Physics<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/downloads\/cbse-class-11-chemistry\/1356\/cbse-revision-notes\/7\/\">Revision Notes for class-11 Chemistry<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/downloads\/cbse-class-11-mathematics\/1371\/cbse-revision-notes\/7\/\">Revision Notes for class-11 Mathematics<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/downloads\/cbse-class-11-biology\/1388\/cbse-revision-notes\/7\/\">Revision Notes for class-11 Biology<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/downloads\/cbse-class-11-accountancy\/1411\/cbse-revision-notes\/7\/\">Revision Notes for class-11 Accountancy<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/downloads\/cbse-class-11-economics\/1423\/cbse-revision-notes\/7\/\">Revision Notes for class-11 Economics<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/downloads\/cbse-class-11-business-studies\/1740\/cbse-revision-notes\/7\/\">Revision Notes for class-11 Business Studies<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/downloads\/cbse-class-11-computer-science\/1852\/cbse-revision-notes\/7\/\">Revision Notes for class-11 Computer Science<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/downloads\/cbse-class-11-informatics-practices\/1874\/cbse-revision-notes\/7\/\">Revision Notes for class-11 Informatics Practices<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/downloads\/cbse-class-11-geography\/1864\/cbse-revision-notes\/7\/\">Revision Notes for class-11 Geography<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>To download Breathing and Exchange of Gases class 11 Notes, sample paper for class 11 Chemistry, Physics, Biology, History, Political Science, Economics, Geography, Computer Science, Home Science, Accountancy, Business Studies and Home Science; do check myCBSEguide app or website. myCBSEguide provides sample papers with solution, test papers for chapter-wise practice, NCERT solutions, NCERT Exemplar solutions, quick revision notes for ready reference, CBSE guess papers and CBSE important question papers. Sample Paper all are made available through\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/play.google.com\/store\/apps\/details?id=in.techchefs.MyCBSEGuide&amp;referrer=utm_source%3Dmycbse_bottom%26utm_medium%3Dtext%26utm_campaign%3Dmycbseads\"><strong>the best app for CBSE students<\/strong><\/a>\u00a0and myCBSEguide website.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"entry-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/blog\/the-living-world-class-11-notes-biology\/\">The Living World class 11 Notes Biology<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"entry-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/blog\/biological-classification-class-11-notes-biology\/\">Biological Classification class 11 Notes Biology<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"entry-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/blog\/plant-kingdom-class-11-notes-biology\/\">Plant Kingdom class 11 Notes Biology<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"entry-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/blog\/animal-kingdom-class-11-notes-biology\/\">Animal Kingdom class 11 Notes Biology<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"entry-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/blog\/morphology-of-flowering-plants-class-11-notes-biology\/\">Morphology of Flowering Plants class 11 Notes Biology<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"entry-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/blog\/anatomy-flowering-plants-class-11-notes-biology\/\">Anatomy of Flowering Plants class 11 Notes Biology<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"entry-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/blog\/structural-organisation-in-animals-class-11-notes-biology\/\">Structural Organisation in Animals class 11 Notes Biology<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"entry-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/blog\/cell-structure-functions-class-11-notes-biology\/\">Cell Structure and Functions class 11 Notes Biology<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"entry-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/blog\/biomolecules-class-11-notes-biology\/\">Biomolecules class 11 Notes Biology<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"entry-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/blog\/cell-cycle-cell-division-class-11-notes-biology\/\">Cell Cycle and Cell Division class 11 Notes Biology<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"entry-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/blog\/transport-plants-class-11-notes-biology\/\">Transport in Plants class 11 Notes Biology<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"entry-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/blog\/mineral-nutrition-class-11-notes-biology\/\">Mineral Nutrition class 11 Notes Biology<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"entry-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/blog\/photosynthesis-higher-plants-class-11-notes-biology\/\">Photosynthesis in higher plants class 11 Notes Biology<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"entry-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/blog\/respiration-plants-class-11-notes-biology\/\">Respiration in Plants class 11 Notes Biology<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"entry-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/blog\/plant-growth-development-class-11-notes-biology\/\">Plant Growth and Development class 11 Notes Biology<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"entry-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/blog\/digestion-and-absorption-class-11-notes-biology\/\">Digestion And Absorption class 11 Notes Biology<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"entry-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/blog\/breathing-and-exchange-of-gases-class-11-notes-biology\/\">Breathing and Exchange of Gases class 11 Notes Biology<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"entry-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/blog\/body-fluids-circulation-class-11-notes-biology\/\">Body Fluids And Circulation class 11 Notes Biology<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"entry-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/blog\/excretory-products-elimination-class-11-notes-biology\/\">Excretory Products and their Elimination class 11 Notes Biology<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"entry-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/blog\/locomotion-movement-class-11-notes-biology\/\">Locomotion and Movement class 11 Notes Biology<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"entry-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/blog\/neural-control-and-coordination-class-11-notes-biology\/\">Neural Control and Coordination class 11 Notes Biology<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"entry-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/blog\/chemical-coordination-integration-class-11-notes-biology\/\">Chemical Coordination and Integration class 11 Notes Biology<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"entry-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/blog\/cell-structure-functions-class-11-notes-biology\/\">Cell Structure and Functions class 11 Notes Biology<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>CBSE Biology Chapter 17 Breathing and Exchange of Gases class 11 Notes Biology in PDF are available for free download in myCBSEguide mobile app. The best app for CBSE students now provides Breathing and Exchange of Gases class 11 Notes Biology latest chapter wise notes for quick preparation of CBSE exams and school based annual &#8230; <a title=\"Breathing and Exchange of Gases class 11 Notes Biology\" class=\"read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/blog\/breathing-and-exchange-of-gases-class-11-notes-biology\/\" aria-label=\"More on Breathing and Exchange of Gases class 11 Notes Biology\">Read more<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":9609,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[47,456],"tags":[585,694,457,150,426,240],"class_list":["post-9740","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-cbse-class-11","category-revision-notes","tag-biology-notes","tag-breathing-and-exchange-of-gases","tag-cbse-notes","tag-cbse-notes-and-key-points","tag-quick-revision","tag-quick-revision-notes"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.0 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Breathing and Exchange of Gases class 11 Notes Biology | myCBSEguide<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Breathing and Exchange of Gases class 11 Notes Biology Chapter 17 in PDF format for free download. 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