{"id":9227,"date":"2018-02-09T12:04:17","date_gmt":"2018-02-09T06:34:17","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/blog\/?p=9227"},"modified":"2019-03-02T13:10:01","modified_gmt":"2019-03-02T07:40:01","slug":"biomolecules-class-12-notes-chemistry","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/blog\/biomolecules-class-12-notes-chemistry\/","title":{"rendered":"Biomolecules Class 12 Notes Chemistry"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_76 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 eztoc-toggle-hide-by-default' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/blog\/biomolecules-class-12-notes-chemistry\/#Biomolecules_Class_12_Notes_Chemistry\" >Biomolecules Class 12 Notes Chemistry<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/blog\/biomolecules-class-12-notes-chemistry\/#Class_12_Quick_Revision_Notes_for_Chapter_14_Biomolecules_Chemistry\" >Class 12\u00a0Quick Revision Notes for\u00a0Chapter 14 Biomolecules Chemistry<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/blog\/biomolecules-class-12-notes-chemistry\/#Preparation_of_glucose_also_called_dextrose_grape_sugar\" >Preparation of glucose (also called dextrose, grape sugar):<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/blog\/biomolecules-class-12-notes-chemistry\/#i_Glucose_with_phenylhydrazine_to_form_osazone\" >i)\u00a0Glucose with phenylhydrazine\u00a0to form osazone<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/blog\/biomolecules-class-12-notes-chemistry\/#Double_helix_structure_of_DNA\" >Double helix structure of DNA:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/blog\/biomolecules-class-12-notes-chemistry\/#Important_vitamins_their_sources_and_their_deficiency_diseases\" >Important vitamins, their sources and their deficiency diseases:<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/blog\/biomolecules-class-12-notes-chemistry\/#CBSE_Class_12_Revision_Notes_and_Key_Points\" >CBSE Class 12 Revision Notes and Key Points<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<p><strong>Biomolecules Class 12 Notes Chemistry<\/strong> in PDF are available for free download in myCBSEguide mobile app. The best app for CBSE students now provides Biomolecules class 12 Notes latest chapter wise notes for quick preparation of CBSE board exams and school-based annual examinations. Class 12 Chemistry notes on chapter 14 Biomolecules are also available for download in CBSE Guide website.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Biomolecules_Class_12_Notes_Chemistry\"><\/span>Biomolecules Class 12 Notes Chemistry<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Download CBSE class 12th revision notes for chapter 14 Biomolecules in PDF format for free. Download revision notes for Biomolecules class 12 Notes and score high in exams. These are the Biomolecules class 12 Notes prepared by team of expert teachers. The revision notes help you revise the whole chapter 14 in minutes. Revision notes in exam days is one of the best tips recommended by teachers during exam days.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Revision Notes for Class 12 Chemistry\u00a0<a class=\"button\" href=\"https:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/downloads\/cbse-class-12-chemistry\/1267\/cbse-revision-notes\/7\/\">Download as PDF<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright\" src=\"https:\/\/media-mycbseguide.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com\/images\/blog\/Class%2012%20Chemistry%20Book%20in%20English.jpg\" alt=\"Biomolecules class 12 Notes Chemistry\" width=\"119\" height=\"153\" \/><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Class_12_Quick_Revision_Notes_for_Chapter_14_Biomolecules_Chemistry\"><\/span><strong>Class 12\u00a0<\/strong><strong>Quick Revision Notes for\u00a0Chapter 14 Biomolecules Chemistry<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Carbohydrates: <\/strong>Polyhydroxy aldehydes or polyhydroxy ketones or compounds on hydrolysis give carbohydrates.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Classification of carbohydrates:<\/strong><br \/>\nMonosaccharides<br \/>\n(a) Simplest carbohydrates<br \/>\n(b) It cannot be hydrolysed into simpler compounds<br \/>\n(c) Examples &#8211; Glucose, mannose<br \/>\n<strong>Oligosaccharides<\/strong><br \/>\n(a)\u00a0Carbohydrates which gives 2 to 10 monosaccharide units on hydrolysis<br \/>\n(b)\u00a0Examples &#8211; Sucrose, Lactose, Maltose<br \/>\n<strong>Polysaccharides<\/strong><br \/>\n(a)\u00a0Carbohydrates which on hydrolysis give large number of monosaccharide units.<br \/>\n(b)\u00a0Examples &#8211; Cellulose, starch<\/li>\n<li><strong>Anomers: <\/strong>Pair of optical isomers which differ in configuration only around C1 atom are called anomers. Examples &#8211; <span class=\"cke_widget_wrapper cke_widget_inline cke_widget_selected\"><span class=\"math-tex cke_widget_element\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/elpiscart.com\/cgi-bin\/mathtex.cgi?\\alpha\" \/><\/span><\/span>-D-glucopyranose and <span class=\"cke_widget_wrapper cke_widget_inline cke_widget_selected\"><span class=\"math-tex cke_widget_element\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/elpiscart.com\/cgi-bin\/mathtex.cgi?\\beta\" \/><\/span><\/span>-D-glucopyranose.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Epimers: <\/strong>Pair of optical isomers which differ in configuration around any other C atom other than C1 atom are called epimers. E.g. D-glucose and D- mannose are C2epimers.<br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone\" src=\"https:\/\/media-mycbseguide.s3.amazonaws.com\/images\/static\/revise\/12\/chemistry\/12_chemistry_ch14_01.png\" alt=\"Biomolecules Class 12 Notes Chemistry\" width=\"208\" height=\"129\" \/><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Preparation_of_glucose_also_called_dextrose_grape_sugar\"><\/span><strong>Preparation of glucose (also called dextrose, grape sugar):<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone\" src=\"https:\/\/media-mycbseguide.s3.amazonaws.com\/images\/static\/revise\/12\/chemistry\/12_chemistry_ch14_02.png\" alt=\"Biomolecules Class 12 Notes Chemistry\" width=\"288\" height=\"41\" \/><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>From starch<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone\" src=\"https:\/\/media-mycbseguide.s3.amazonaws.com\/images\/static\/revise\/12\/chemistry\/12_chemistry_ch14_03.png\" alt=\"Biomolecules Class 12 Notes Chemistry\" width=\"296\" height=\"58\" \/><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Structure of glucose<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone\" src=\"https:\/\/media-mycbseguide.s3.amazonaws.com\/images\/static\/revise\/12\/chemistry\/12_chemistry_ch14_04.png\" alt=\"Biomolecules Class 12 Notes Chemistry\" width=\"197\" height=\"28\" \/><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Structure elucidation of glucose:<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>a) D \u2013 glucose with HI<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone\" src=\"https:\/\/media-mycbseguide.s3.amazonaws.com\/images\/static\/revise\/12\/chemistry\/12_chemistry_ch14_05.png\" alt=\"Biomolecules Class 12 Notes Chemistry\" width=\"307\" height=\"86\" \/><\/p>\n<p><strong>b)\u00a0D \u2013 glucose with HCN<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone\" src=\"https:\/\/media-mycbseguide.s3.amazonaws.com\/images\/static\/revise\/12\/chemistry\/12_chemistry_ch14_06.png\" alt=\"Biomolecules Class 12 Notes Chemistry\" width=\"313\" height=\"72\" \/><\/p>\n<p><strong>c)\u00a0D \u2013 glucose with NH<sub>2<\/sub>OH<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone\" src=\"https:\/\/media-mycbseguide.s3.amazonaws.com\/images\/static\/revise\/12\/chemistry\/12_chemistry_ch14_33.png\" alt=\"Biomolecules Class 12 Notes Chemistry\" width=\"338\" height=\"82\" \/><\/p>\n<p><strong>d)\u00a0D- glucose with Fehling\u2019s reagent<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone\" src=\"https:\/\/media-mycbseguide.s3.amazonaws.com\/images\/static\/revise\/12\/chemistry\/12_chemistry_ch14_07.png\" alt=\"Biomolecules Class 12 Notes Chemistry\" width=\"330\" height=\"74\" \/><\/p>\n<p><strong>e)\u00a0D \u2013 glucose with Tollen\u2019s reagent<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone\" src=\"https:\/\/media-mycbseguide.s3.amazonaws.com\/images\/static\/revise\/12\/chemistry\/12_chemistry_ch14_08.png\" alt=\"Biomolecules Class 12 Notes Chemistry\" width=\"390\" height=\"99\" \/><\/p>\n<p><strong>f)\u00a0D \u2013 glucose with nitric acid<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone\" src=\"https:\/\/media-mycbseguide.s3.amazonaws.com\/images\/static\/revise\/12\/chemistry\/12_chemistry_ch14_11.png\" alt=\"Biomolecules class 12 Notes Chemistry\" width=\"212\" height=\"257\" \/> <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/media-mycbseguide.s3.amazonaws.com\/images\/static\/revise\/12\/chemistry\/12_chemistry_ch14_34.png\" \/><\/p>\n<p><strong>g)\u00a0D \u2013 glucose with (CH<sub>3<\/sub>CO)<sub>2<\/sub>O and ZnCl<sub>2<\/sub><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone\" src=\"https:\/\/media-mycbseguide.s3.amazonaws.com\/images\/static\/revise\/12\/chemistry\/12_chemistry_ch14_12.png\" alt=\"Biomolecules Class 12 Notes Chemistry\" width=\"308\" height=\"93\" \/><\/p>\n<p><strong>h)\u00a0D \u2013 glucose with bromine water<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone\" src=\"https:\/\/media-mycbseguide.s3.amazonaws.com\/images\/static\/revise\/12\/chemistry\/12_chemistry_ch14_13.png\" alt=\"Biomolecules Class 12 Notes Chemistry\" width=\"202\" height=\"96\" \/><\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"i_Glucose_with_phenylhydrazine_to_form_osazone\"><\/span>i)\u00a0Glucose with phenylhydrazine\u00a0to form osazone<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone\" src=\"https:\/\/media-mycbseguide.s3.amazonaws.com\/images\/static\/revise\/12\/chemistry\/12_chemistry_ch14_14.png\" alt=\"Biomolecules Class 12 Notes Chemistry\" width=\"336\" height=\"183\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Glucose and fructose gives the same osazone because the reaction takes place at C1 and C2 only.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Other Reactions of Glucose (Presence of ring structure)<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone\" src=\"https:\/\/media-mycbseguide.s3.amazonaws.com\/images\/static\/revise\/12\/chemistry\/12_chemistry_ch14_15.png\" alt=\"Biomolecules Class 12 Notes Chemistry\" width=\"363\" height=\"116\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Glucose does not give Schiff\u2019s test and does not react with sodium bisulphite and NH3. Pentaacetyl glucose does not react with hydroxyl amine. This shows the absence of \u2013CHO group and hence the presence of ring structure.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Cyclic structure of glucose:<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone\" src=\"https:\/\/media-mycbseguide.s3.amazonaws.com\/images\/static\/revise\/12\/chemistry\/12_chemistry_ch14_16.png\" alt=\"Biomolecules Class 12 Notes Chemistry\" width=\"317\" height=\"129\" \/><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Haworth representation of glucose:<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone\" src=\"https:\/\/media-mycbseguide.s3.amazonaws.com\/images\/static\/revise\/12\/chemistry\/12_chemistry_ch14_17.png\" alt=\"Biomolecules Class 12 Notes Chemistry\" width=\"311\" height=\"94\" \/><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Cyclic structure of fructose:<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone\" src=\"https:\/\/media-mycbseguide.s3.amazonaws.com\/images\/static\/revise\/12\/chemistry\/12_chemistry_ch14_18.png\" alt=\"Biomolecules Class 12 Notes Chemistry\" width=\"332\" height=\"114\" \/><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Haworth representation of fructose<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone\" src=\"https:\/\/media-mycbseguide.s3.amazonaws.com\/images\/static\/revise\/12\/chemistry\/12_chemistry_ch14_19.png\" alt=\"Biomolecules Class 12 Notes Chemistry\" width=\"416\" height=\"113\" \/><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Glycosidic linkage: <\/strong>The oxide linkage formed by the loss of a water molecule when two monosaccharides are joined together through oxygen atom is called glycosidic linkage.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Sucrose (invert sugar): <\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>a)<\/strong>\u00a0Sucrose is a non-reducing sugar because the two monosaccharide units are held together by a glycosidic linkage between C1 of <span class=\"cke_widget_wrapper cke_widget_inline cke_widget_selected\"><span class=\"math-tex cke_widget_element\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/elpiscart.com\/cgi-bin\/mathtex.cgi?\\alpha\" \/><\/span><\/span>-glucose and C2 of <span class=\"cke_widget_wrapper cke_widget_inline cke_widget_selected\"><span class=\"math-tex cke_widget_element\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/elpiscart.com\/cgi-bin\/mathtex.cgi?\\beta\" \/><\/span><\/span>&#8211; fructose. Since the reducing groups of glucose and fructose are involved in glycosidic bond formation, sucrose is a non-reducing sugar.<br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone\" src=\"https:\/\/media-mycbseguide.s3.amazonaws.com\/images\/static\/revise\/12\/chemistry\/12_chemistry_ch14_20.png\" alt=\"Biomolecules Class 12 Notes Chemistry\" width=\"194\" height=\"169\" \/><\/p>\n<p><strong>b)<\/strong>\u00a0Sucrose is dextrorotatory but on hydrolysis it gives dextrorotatory &amp; laevorotatory and the mixture is laevorotatory.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone\" src=\"https:\/\/media-mycbseguide.s3.amazonaws.com\/images\/static\/revise\/12\/chemistry\/12_chemistry_ch14_21.png\" alt=\"Biomolecules Class 12 Notes Chemistry\" width=\"281\" height=\"58\" \/><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Haworth Projection of Sucrose:<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone\" src=\"https:\/\/media-mycbseguide.s3.amazonaws.com\/images\/static\/revise\/12\/chemistry\/12_chemistry_ch14_22.png\" alt=\"Biomolecules Class 12 Notes Chemistry\" width=\"277\" height=\"139\" \/><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Maltose:<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol>\n<li>Maltose is composed of two \u03b1-D-glucose units in which C1 of one glucose (I) is linked to C4 of another glucose unit (II).<\/li>\n<li>The free aldehyde group can be produced at C1 of second glucose in solution and it shows reducing properties so it is a reducing sugar.<br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone\" src=\"https:\/\/media-mycbseguide.s3.amazonaws.com\/images\/static\/revise\/12\/chemistry\/12_chemistry_ch14_23.png\" alt=\"Biomolecules Class 12 Notes Chemistry\" width=\"235\" height=\"233\" \/><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Haworth projection of maltose:<\/strong><br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone\" src=\"https:\/\/media-mycbseguide.s3.amazonaws.com\/images\/static\/revise\/12\/chemistry\/12_chemistry_ch14_24.png\" alt=\"Biomolecules Class 12 Notes Chemistry\" width=\"316\" height=\"156\" \/><\/li>\n<li><strong>Lactose (Milk sugar):<\/strong>It is composed of \u03b2-D-galactose and \u03b2-D-glucose. The linkage is between C1 of galactose and C4 of glucose. Hence it is also a reducing sugar.<br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone\" src=\"https:\/\/media-mycbseguide.s3.amazonaws.com\/images\/static\/revise\/12\/chemistry\/12_chemistry_ch14_25.png\" alt=\"Biomolecules Class 12 Notes Chemistry\" width=\"323\" height=\"254\" \/><\/li>\n<li><strong>Haworth projection of lactose:<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone\" src=\"https:\/\/media-mycbseguide.s3.amazonaws.com\/images\/static\/revise\/12\/chemistry\/12_chemistry_ch14_26.png\" alt=\"Biomolecules Class 12 Notes Chemistry\" width=\"293\" height=\"164\" \/><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Starch: <\/strong>It is a polymer of -glucose and consists of two components \u2014 Amylose and Amylopectin.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Amylose:<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol>\n<li>It is a water soluble component<\/li>\n<li>It is a long unbranched chain polymer<\/li>\n<li>It contains 200 \u2013 1000 <span class=\"cke_widget_wrapper cke_widget_inline cke_widget_selected\"><span class=\"math-tex cke_widget_element\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/elpiscart.com\/cgi-bin\/mathtex.cgi?\\alpha\" \/><\/span><\/span>-D-(+)- glucose units held by <span class=\"cke_widget_wrapper cke_widget_inline cke_widget_selected\"><span class=\"math-tex cke_widget_element\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/elpiscart.com\/cgi-bin\/mathtex.cgi?\\alpha\" \/><\/span><\/span>&#8211; glycosidic linkages involving C1 \u2013 C4glycosidic linkage<\/li>\n<li>It constitutes about 15-20% of starch<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Amylopectin<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol>\n<li>It is a water insoluble component<\/li>\n<li>It is branched chain polymer<\/li>\n<li>It forms chain by C1 \u2013 C4glycosidic linkage whereas branching occurs by C1 \u2013 C6glycosidic linkage<\/li>\n<li>It constitutes about 80-85% of starch<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Cellulose:<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol>\n<li>It occurs exclusively in plants.<\/li>\n<li>It is a straight chain polysaccharide composed only of <span class=\"cke_widget_wrapper cke_widget_inline cke_widget_selected\"><span class=\"math-tex cke_widget_element\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/elpiscart.com\/cgi-bin\/mathtex.cgi?\\beta\" \/><\/span><\/span>-D-glucose units which are joined by glycosidic linkage between C1 of one glucose unit and C4 of the next glucose unit.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Glycogen:<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol>\n<li>The carbohydrates are stored in animal body as glycogen.<\/li>\n<li>It is also known as animal starch because its structure is similar to Amylopectin.<\/li>\n<li>It is present in liver, muscles and brain.<\/li>\n<li>When the body needs glucose, enzymes break the glycogen down to glucose.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Amino acids:<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Amino acids contain amino (\u2013NH2) and carboxyl (\u2013COOH) functional groups.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/media-mycbseguide.s3.amazonaws.com\/images\/static\/revise\/12\/chemistry\/12_chemistry_ch14_27.png\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Where R \u2013 Any side chain<br \/>\nMost naturally occurring amino acids have L \u2013 Config.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone\" src=\"https:\/\/media-mycbseguide.s3.amazonaws.com\/images\/static\/revise\/12\/chemistry\/12_chemistry_ch14_28.png\" alt=\"Biomolecules Class 12 Notes Chemistry\" width=\"277\" height=\"79\" \/><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Types of amino acids:<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>a). <strong>Essential amino acids: <\/strong>The amino acids which cannot be synthesised in the body and must be obtained through diet, are known as essential amino acids. Examples: Valine, Leucine<\/p>\n<p>b). <strong>Non-essential amino acids: <\/strong>The amino acids, which can be synthesised in the body, are known as non-essential amino acids. Examples: Glycine, Alanine<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Zwitterion\u00a0form of amino acids:<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol>\n<li>Amino acids behave like salts rather than simple amines or carboxylic acids. This behaviour is due to the presence of both acidic (carboxyl group) and basic (amino group) groups in the same molecule. In aqueous solution, the carboxyl group can lose a proton and amino group can accept a proton, giving rise to a dipolar ion known as zwitter ion. This is neutral but contains both positive and negative charges.<\/li>\n<li>In zwitterionic form, amino acids show amphoteric behaviour as they react both with acids and bases.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone\" src=\"https:\/\/media-mycbseguide.s3.amazonaws.com\/images\/static\/revise\/12\/chemistry\/12_chemistry_ch14_29.png\" alt=\"Biomolecules Class 12 Notes Chemistry\" width=\"249\" height=\"78\" \/><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Isoelectronic point: <\/strong>The pH at which the dipolar ion exists as neutral ion and does not migrate to either electrode cathode or anode is called isoelectronic point.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Proteins: <\/strong>Proteins are the polymers of <span class=\"cke_widget_wrapper cke_widget_inline cke_widget_selected\"><span class=\"math-tex cke_widget_element\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/elpiscart.com\/cgi-bin\/mathtex.cgi?\\alpha\" \/><\/span><\/span>-amino acids and they are connected to each other by peptide bond or peptide linkage. A polypeptide with more than hundred amino acid residues, having molecular mass higher than 10,000u is called a protein.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Peptide linkage: <\/strong>Peptide linkage is an amide linkage formed by condensation reaction between \u2013COOH group of one amino acid and \u2013NH2 group of another amino acid.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone\" src=\"https:\/\/media-mycbseguide.s3.amazonaws.com\/images\/static\/revise\/12\/chemistry\/12_chemistry_ch14_30.png\" alt=\"Biomolecules Class 12 Notes Chemistry\" width=\"289\" height=\"122\" \/><br \/>\nPeptide link age<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Primary structure of proteins: <\/strong>The sequence of amino acids is said to be the primary structure of a protein.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Secondary structure of proteins: <\/strong>It refers to the shape in which long polypeptide chain can exist. Two different types of structures:<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span class=\"cke_widget_wrapper cke_widget_inline cke_widget_selected\"><span class=\"math-tex cke_widget_element\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/elpiscart.com\/cgi-bin\/mathtex.cgi?\\alpha\" \/><\/span><\/span>\u2013 Helix:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>It was given by Linus Pauling in 1951<\/li>\n<li>It exists when R- group is large.<\/li>\n<li>Right handed screw with the NH group of each amino acid residue H \u2013 bonded to \u2013 C = O of adjacent turn of the helix.<\/li>\n<li>Also known as 3.613 helix since each turn of the helix hasapproximately 3.6 amino acids and a 13 \u2013 membered ring is formed by H \u2013 bonding.<\/li>\n<li>C = O and N \u2013 H group of the peptide bonds are trans to each other.<\/li>\n<li>Ramchandran angles (<span class=\"cke_widget_wrapper cke_widget_inline cke_widget_selected\"><span class=\"math-tex cke_widget_element\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/elpiscart.com\/cgi-bin\/mathtex.cgi?\\Phi\" \/><\/span><\/span>and<span class=\"cke_widget_wrapper cke_widget_inline cke_widget_selected\"><span class=\"math-tex cke_widget_element\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/elpiscart.com\/cgi-bin\/mathtex.cgi?\\Psi\" \/><\/span><\/span>) &#8211; <span class=\"cke_widget_wrapper cke_widget_inline cke_widget_selected\"><span class=\"math-tex cke_widget_element\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/elpiscart.com\/cgi-bin\/mathtex.cgi?\\Phi\" \/><\/span><\/span>angle which <span class=\"cke_widget_wrapper cke_widget_inline cke_widget_selected\"><span class=\"math-tex cke_widget_element\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/elpiscart.com\/cgi-bin\/mathtex.cgi?{C_\\alpha }\" \/><\/span><\/span>makes with N \u2013 H and <span class=\"cke_widget_wrapper cke_widget_inline cke_widget_selected\"><span class=\"math-tex cke_widget_element\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/elpiscart.com\/cgi-bin\/mathtex.cgi?\\Psi\" \/><\/span><\/span>angle which <span class=\"cke_widget_wrapper cke_widget_inline cke_widget_selected\"><span class=\"math-tex cke_widget_element\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/elpiscart.com\/cgi-bin\/mathtex.cgi?{C_\\alpha }\" \/><\/span><\/span>makes with C = O.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><span class=\"cke_widget_wrapper cke_widget_inline cke_widget_selected\"><span class=\"math-tex cke_widget_element\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/elpiscart.com\/cgi-bin\/mathtex.cgi?\\beta\" \/><\/span><\/span>\u2013 pleated sheet:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>It exists when R group is small.<\/li>\n<li>In this conformation, all peptide chains are stretched out to nearly maximum extension and then laid side by side which are held together by hydrogen bonds.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Tertiary structure of proteins: <\/strong>It represents the overall folding of the polypeptide chain i.e., further folding of the 2\u00b0 structure.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Types of bonding which stabilize the 3\u00b0 structure:<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol>\n<li>Disulphide bridge (-S \u2013 S-)<\/li>\n<li>H \u2013 bonding \u2013 (C = O \u2026 H \u2013 N)<\/li>\n<li>Salt bridge (COO\u2013 \u2026 + <span class=\"cke_widget_wrapper cke_widget_inline cke_widget_selected\"><span class=\"math-tex cke_widget_element\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/elpiscart.com\/cgi-bin\/mathtex.cgi?N{H_3}\" \/><\/span><\/span>)<\/li>\n<li>Hydrophobic interactions<\/li>\n<li>van der Waals forces<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Two shapes of proteins:<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Fibrous proteins<\/strong><br \/>\na)\u00a0When the polypeptide chains run parallel and are held together by hydrogen and disulphide bonds, then fibre\u2013 like structure is formed.<br \/>\nb)\u00a0These proteins are generally insoluble in water<br \/>\nc)\u00a0Examples: keratin (present in hair, wool, silk) and myosin (present in muscles), etc<\/p>\n<p><strong>Globular proteins<\/strong><br \/>\na)\u00a0This structure results when the chains of polypeptides coil around to give a spherical shape.<br \/>\nb)\u00a0These are usually soluble in water.<br \/>\nc)\u00a0Examples: Insulin and albumins<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Quaternary structure of proteins:<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol>\n<li>Some of the proteins are composedof two or more polypeptide chains referred to as sub-units.<\/li>\n<li>The spatial arrangement of these subunits with respect to each other is known as quaternary structure of proteins.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Denaturation of proteins:<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol>\n<li>The loss of biological activity of proteins when a protein in its native form, is subjected to physical change like change in temperature or chemical change like change in pH. This is called denaturation of protein.<\/li>\n<li>Example: coagulation of egg white on boiling, curdling of milk.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Nucleoside:<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol>\n<li>Base + sugar<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone\" src=\"https:\/\/media-mycbseguide.s3.amazonaws.com\/images\/static\/revise\/12\/chemistry\/12_chemistry_ch14_31.png\" alt=\"Biomolecules Class 12 Notes Chemistry\" width=\"203\" height=\"128\" \/><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Nucleotide: <\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol>\n<li>Base + sugar + phosphate group<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone\" src=\"https:\/\/media-mycbseguide.s3.amazonaws.com\/images\/static\/revise\/12\/chemistry\/12_chemistry_ch14_32.png\" alt=\"Biomolecules Class 12 Notes Chemistry\" width=\"240\" height=\"146\" \/><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Nucleic acids (or polynucletides): <\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol>\n<li>Long chain polymers ofnucleotides.<\/li>\n<li>Nucleotides are joined by phosphodiester linkage between 5\u2019 and 3\u2019 C atoms of a pentose sugar.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Two types of nucleic acids:<\/strong><strong>DNA<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol>\n<li>It has a double stranded <span class=\"cke_widget_wrapper cke_widget_inline cke_widget_selected\"><span class=\"math-tex cke_widget_element\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/elpiscart.com\/cgi-bin\/mathtex.cgi?\\alpha\" \/><\/span><\/span>-helix structure in which two strands are coiled spirally in opposite directions.<\/li>\n<li>Sugar present is <span class=\"cke_widget_wrapper cke_widget_inline cke_widget_selected\"><span class=\"math-tex cke_widget_element\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/elpiscart.com\/cgi-bin\/mathtex.cgi?\\beta\" width=\"10\" height=\"14\" \/><\/span><\/span>\u2013D\u20132-deoxyribose<\/li>\n<li>Bases:<br \/>\ni) Purine bases: Adenine (A) and Guanine (G)<br \/>\nii) Pyrimidine bases: Thymine (T) and cytosine (C)<\/li>\n<li>It occurs mainly in the nucleus of the cell.<\/li>\n<li>It is responsible for transmission for heredity character.<strong>RNA<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ol>\n<li>It has a single stranded <span class=\"cke_widget_wrapper cke_widget_inline cke_widget_selected\"><span class=\"math-tex cke_widget_element\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/elpiscart.com\/cgi-bin\/mathtex.cgi?\\alpha\" \/><\/span><\/span>-helix structure.<\/li>\n<li>Sugar present is <span class=\"cke_widget_wrapper cke_widget_inline cke_widget_selected\"><span class=\"math-tex cke_widget_element\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/elpiscart.com\/cgi-bin\/mathtex.cgi?\\beta\" \/><\/span><\/span>\u2013D\u2013ribose<\/li>\n<li>Bases:<br \/>\ni) Purine bases: Adenine (A) and Guanine (G)<br \/>\nii) Pyrimidine bases: Uracil (U) and cytosine (C)<\/li>\n<li>It occurs mainly in the cytoplasm of the cell.<\/li>\n<li>It helps in protein synthesis.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Double_helix_structure_of_DNA\"><\/span><strong>Double helix structure of DNA:<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ol>\n<li>It is composed of two right handed helical polynucleotide chains coiled spirally in opposite directions around the same central axis.<\/li>\n<li>Two strands are anti-parallel i.e., their phosphodiester linkage runs in opposite directions.<\/li>\n<li>Bases are stacked inside the helix in planes <span class=\"cke_widget_wrapper cke_widget_inline cke_widget_selected\"><span class=\"math-tex cke_widget_element\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/elpiscart.com\/cgi-bin\/mathtex.cgi? \\bot\" \/><\/span><\/span>to the helical axis.<\/li>\n<li>Two strands are held together by H \u2013 bonds (A = T, G <span class=\"cke_widget_wrapper cke_widget_inline cke_widget_selected\"><span class=\"math-tex cke_widget_element\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/elpiscart.com\/cgi-bin\/mathtex.cgi? \\equiv\" \/><\/span><\/span>C).<\/li>\n<li>The two strands are complementary to each other because the hydrogen bonds are formed between specific pairs of bases.<\/li>\n<li>Adenine forms hydrogen bonds with thymine whereas cytosine forms hydrogen bonds with guanine.<\/li>\n<li>Diameter of double helix is 2 nm.<\/li>\n<li>Double helix repeats at intervals of 3.4 nm. (One complete turn)<\/li>\n<li>Total amount of purine (A + G) = Total amount of pyramidine (C + T)<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Vitamins: <\/strong>Vitamins are organic compounds required in the diet in small amounts to perform specific biological functions for normal maintenance of optimum growth and health of the organism.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Classification of vitamins: <\/strong>Vitamins are classified into two groups depending upon their solubility in water or fat.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol>\n<li>Water soluble vitamins\u00a0<strong>i) <\/strong>These vitamins are soluble in water.<br \/>\n<strong>ii) <\/strong>Water soluble vitamins must be supplied regularly in diet because they are readily excreted in urine and cannot be stored (except vitamin B12) in our body.<br \/>\n<strong>iii) <\/strong>Example: Vitamin C, B group vitamins.<\/li>\n<li>Fat soluble vitamins<br \/>\n<strong>i) <\/strong>These vitamins are soluble in fat and oils but insoluble in water.<br \/>\n<strong>ii) <\/strong>They are stored in liver and adipose (fat storing) tissues.<br \/>\n<strong>iii) <\/strong>Example: Vitamin A, D, E and K<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Important_vitamins_their_sources_and_their_deficiency_diseases\"><\/span><strong>Important vitamins, their sources and their deficiency diseases:<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<table class=\"mobile\" border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"1\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Name of vitamins <\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>Sources <\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>Deficiency diseases <\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Vitamin A<\/td>\n<td>Fish liver oil, carrots,\u00a0butter and milk<\/td>\n<td>xerophthalmia<br \/>\n(hardening of cornea of eye)<br \/>\nNight blindness<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Vitamin B1<br \/>\n(Thiamine)<\/td>\n<td>Yeast, milk, green vegetables and cereals<\/td>\n<td>Beriberi<br \/>\n(loss of appetite, retarded growth)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Vitamin B2<br \/>\n(Riboflavin)<\/td>\n<td>Milk, egg white, liver, kidney<\/td>\n<td>Cheilosis<br \/>\n(fissuring at corners of mouth and\u00a0lips), digestive disorders and burning sensation\u00a0of the skin.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine)<\/td>\n<td>Yeast, milk, egg yolk, cereals and grams<\/td>\n<td>Convulsions<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Vitamin B12<\/td>\n<td>Meat, fish, egg and curd<\/td>\n<td>Pernicious anaemia<br \/>\n(RBC deficient in haemoglobin)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Vitamin C<br \/>\n(Ascorbic acid)<\/td>\n<td>Citrus fruits, amla and green leafy vegetables<\/td>\n<td>Scurvy<br \/>\n(bleeding gums)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Vitamin D<\/td>\n<td>Exposure to sunlight, fish and egg yolk<\/td>\n<td>Rickets<br \/>\n(bone deformities in children) and<br \/>\nosteomalacia<br \/>\n(soft bones and joint pain in adults)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Vitamin E<\/td>\n<td>Vegetable oils like wheat germ oil, sunflower oil, etc.<\/td>\n<td>Increased fragility of RBCs and muscular\u00a0weakness<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Vitamin K<\/td>\n<td>Green leafy vegetables<\/td>\n<td>Increased blood clotting time<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"CBSE_Class_12_Revision_Notes_and_Key_Points\"><\/span><strong>CBSE Class 12 Revision Notes and Key Points<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Biomolecules class 12 Notes. CBSE quick revision note for class 12 Chemistry, Physics Maths, Biology and other subject are very helpful to revise the whole syllabus during exam days. The revision notes covers all important formulas and concepts given in the chapter. Even if you wish to have an overview of a chapter, quick revision notes are here to do if for you. These notes will certainly save your time during stressful exam days.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/downloads\/cbse-class-12-physics\/1251\/cbse-revision-notes\/7\/\">Physics<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/downloads\/cbse-class-12-chemistry\/1267\/cbse-revision-notes\/7\/\">Chemistry<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/downloads\/cbse-class-12-mathematics\/1284\/cbse-revision-notes\/7\/\">Mathematics<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/downloads\/cbse-class-12-biology\/1298\/cbse-revision-notes\/7\/\">Biology<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/downloads\/cbse-class-12-accountancy\/1315\/cbse-revision-notes\/7\/\">Accountancy<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/downloads\/cbse-class-12-economics\/1327\/cbse-revision-notes\/7\/\">Economics<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/downloads\/cbse-class-12-business-studies\/1727\/cbse-revision-notes\/7\/\">Business Studies<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/downloads\/cbse-class-12-computer-science\/1851\/cbse-revision-notes\/7\/\"> Computer Science<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/downloads\/cbse-class-12-informatics-practices\/1873\/cbse-revision-notes\/7\/\">Informatics Practices<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/downloads\/cbse-class-12-english-core\/1855\/cbse-revision-notes\/7\/\">English Core<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/downloads\/cbse-class-12-history\/1869\/cbse-revision-notes\/7\/\">History<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/downloads\/cbse-class-12-physical-education\/1877\/cbse-revision-notes\/7\/\">Physical Education<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>To download Biomolecules class 12 Notes Chemistry, sample paper for class 12 Physics, Chemistry, Biology, History, Political Science, Economics, Geography, Computer Science, Home Science, Accountancy, Business Studies and Home Science; do check myCBSEguide app or website. myCBSEguide provides sample papers with solution, test papers for chapter-wise practice, NCERT Biomolecules, NCERT Exemplar Biomolecules, quick revision notes for ready reference, CBSE guess papers and CBSE important question papers. Sample Paper all are made available through\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/play.google.com\/store\/apps\/details?id=in.techchefs.MyCBSEGuide&amp;referrer=utm_source%3Dmycbse_bottom%26utm_medium%3Dtext%26utm_campaign%3Dmycbseads\"><strong>the best app for CBSE students<\/strong><\/a>\u00a0and myCBSEguide website.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"entry-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/blog\/solid-state-class-12-notes-chemistry\/\">Solid State class 12 Notes Chemistry<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"entry-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/blog\/solutions-class-12-notes-chemistry\/\">Solutions class 12 Notes Chemistry<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"entry-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/blog\/electrochemistry-class-12-notes-chemistry\/\">Electrochemistry class 12 Notes Chemistry<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"entry-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/blog\/chemical-kinetics-class-12-notes-chemistry\/\">Chemical Kinetics class 12 Notes Chemistry<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"entry-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/blog\/surface-chemistry-class-12-notes-chemistry\/\">Surface Chemistry class 12 Notes Chemistry<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"entry-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/blog\/general-principles-processes-isolation-elements-class-12-notes-chemistry\/\">General Principles and Processes of Isolation of Elements class 12 Notes Chemistry<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"entry-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/blog\/p-block-elements-class-12-notes-chemistry\/\">The p-Block Elements class 12 Notes Chemistry<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"entry-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/blog\/d-f-block-elements-class-12-notes-chemistry\/\">The d- and f- Block Elements class 12 Notes Chemistry<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"entry-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/blog\/coordination-compounds-class-12-notes-chemistry\/\">Coordination Compounds class 12 Notes Chemistry<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"entry-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/blog\/haloalkanes-haloarenes-class-12-notes-chemistry\/\">Haloalkanes and Haloarenes class 12 Notes Chemistry<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"entry-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/blog\/alcohols-phenols-ethers-class-12-notes-chemistry\/\">Alcohols Phenols and Ethers class 12 Notes Chemistry<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"entry-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/blog\/aldehydes-ketones-carboxylic-acids-class-12-notes-chemistry\/\">Aldehydes Ketones and Carboxylic Acids class 12 Notes Chemistry<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"entry-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/blog\/amines-class-12-notes-chemistry\/\">Amines class 12 Notes Chemistry<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"entry-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/blog\/polymers-class-12-notes-chemistry\/\">Polymers class 12 Notes Chemistry<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"entry-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/blog\/chemistry-everyday-life-class-12-notes-chemistry\/\">Chemistry in Everyday Life class 12 Notes Chemistry<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Biomolecules Class 12 Notes Chemistry in PDF are available for free download in myCBSEguide mobile app. The best app for CBSE students now provides Biomolecules class 12 Notes latest chapter wise notes for quick preparation of CBSE board exams and school-based annual examinations. 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