{"id":9197,"date":"2018-02-09T11:31:42","date_gmt":"2018-02-09T06:01:42","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/blog\/?p=9197"},"modified":"2019-03-02T12:12:51","modified_gmt":"2019-03-02T06:42:51","slug":"alcohols-phenols-ethers-class-12-notes-chemistry","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/blog\/alcohols-phenols-ethers-class-12-notes-chemistry\/","title":{"rendered":"Alcohols Phenols and Ethers Class 12 Notes Chemistry"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_76 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 eztoc-toggle-hide-by-default' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/blog\/alcohols-phenols-ethers-class-12-notes-chemistry\/#Alcohols_Phenols_and_Ethers_Class_12_Notes_Chemistry\" >Alcohols Phenols and Ethers Class 12 Notes Chemistry<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/blog\/alcohols-phenols-ethers-class-12-notes-chemistry\/#CBSE_Class_12_Chemistry_Revision_Notes_Chapter_11_Alcohols_Phenols_and_Ethers\" >CBSE Class 12 Chemistry Revision Notes Chapter 11 Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers\u00a0<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/blog\/alcohols-phenols-ethers-class-12-notes-chemistry\/#Structure_of_alcohols\" >Structure of alcohols:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/blog\/alcohols-phenols-ethers-class-12-notes-chemistry\/#Preparation_of_phenols\" >Preparation of phenols:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/blog\/alcohols-phenols-ethers-class-12-notes-chemistry\/#Physical_properties_of_alcohols_and_phenols\" >Physical properties of alcohols and phenols:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/blog\/alcohols-phenols-ethers-class-12-notes-chemistry\/#Chemical_properties_of_alcohols\" >Chemical properties of alcohols:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/blog\/alcohols-phenols-ethers-class-12-notes-chemistry\/#Differentiate_between_organic_compounds\" >Differentiate between organic compounds:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/blog\/alcohols-phenols-ethers-class-12-notes-chemistry\/#Physical_properties_of_ethers\" >Physical properties of ethers<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/blog\/alcohols-phenols-ethers-class-12-notes-chemistry\/#Chemical_properties_of_ethers\" >Chemical properties of ethers:<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/blog\/alcohols-phenols-ethers-class-12-notes-chemistry\/#CBSE_Class-12_Revision_Notes_and_Key_Points\" >CBSE Class-12 Revision Notes and Key Points<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<p><strong>Alcohols Phenols and Ethers class 12 Notes Chemistry<\/strong> in PDF are available for free download in myCBSEguide mobile app. The best app for CBSE students now provides Alcohols Phenols and Ethers class 12 Notes latest chapter wise notes for quick preparation of CBSE board exams and school-based annual examinations. Class 12 Chemistry notes on chapter 11 Alcohols Phenols and Ethers are also available for download in CBSE Guide website.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Alcohols_Phenols_and_Ethers_Class_12_Notes_Chemistry\"><\/span>Alcohols Phenols and Ethers Class 12 Notes Chemistry<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Download CBSE class 12th revision notes for chapter 11 Alcohols Phenols and Ethers in PDF format for free. Download revision notes for Alcohols Phenols and Ethers class 12 Notes and score high in exams. These are the Alcohols Phenols and Ethers class 12 Notes prepared by team of expert teachers. The revision notes help you revise the whole chapter 11 in minutes. Revision notes in exam days is one of the best tips recommended by teachers during exam days.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Revision Notes for Class 12 Chemistry <a class=\"button\" href=\"https:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/downloads\/cbse-class-12-chemistry\/1267\/cbse-revision-notes\/7\/\">Download as PDF<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"CBSE_Class_12_Chemistry_Revision_Notes_Chapter_11_Alcohols_Phenols_and_Ethers\"><\/span><strong>CBSE Class 12 Chemistry Revision Notes Chapter 11 Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers\u00a0<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Structure_of_alcohols\"><\/span><strong>Structure of alcohols:<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/media-mycbseguide.s3.amazonaws.com\/images\/static\/revise\/12\/chemistry\/12_chemistry_ch11_01.PNG\" \/><\/li>\n<li><strong>Preparation of alcohols:<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong>a)<\/strong>\u00a0From alkene<br \/>\n<span class=\"cke_widget_wrapper cke_widget_inline cke_widget_selected\"><span class=\"math-tex cke_widget_element\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/elpiscart.com\/cgi-bin\/mathtex.cgi?Alkene\\xrightarrow{\\begin{gathered} {\\text{Acid catalysed hydration}} \\hfill \\\\ {\\text{(}}{{\\text{H}}_2}O,{H^ + }) \\hfill \\\\ {\\text{Mark, Addition}} \\hfill \\\\ {\\text{Or}} \\hfill \\\\ {\\text{Hydroboration - oxidation}} \\hfill \\\\ {{\\text{B}}_2}{H_6},{H_2}{O_2}\/O{H^ - } \\hfill \\\\ {\\text{Mark, addition}} \\hfill \\\\ {\\text{Product is anti mark}} \\hfill \\\\ \\end{gathered} }Alcohol\" \/><\/span><\/span><br \/>\n<strong>b)<\/strong>\u00a0From esters<br \/>\n<span class=\"cke_widget_wrapper cke_widget_inline cke_widget_selected\"><span class=\"math-tex cke_widget_element\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/elpiscart.com\/cgi-bin\/mathtex.cgi?Esters\\xrightarrow{{{H_2}{\\text{ catalyst}}}}Alcohol\" \/><\/span><\/span><br \/>\n<strong>c)<\/strong>\u00a0From aldehydes and ketones<br \/>\n<span class=\"cke_widget_wrapper cke_widget_inline cke_widget_selected\"><span class=\"math-tex cke_widget_element\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/elpiscart.com\/cgi-bin\/mathtex.cgi?Alcoho\\operatorname{l} \\xleftarrow{\\begin{gathered} {H_2}\/Pd or \\hfill \\\\ NaB{H_4} Or LiAl{H_4}Or Grignard's{\\text{ reagent}} \\end{gathered} }Aldehyde{\\text{ and ketone}}\" \/><\/span><\/span><br \/>\n<strong>d)<\/strong>\u00a0From carboxylic acids<br \/>\n<span class=\"cke_widget_wrapper cke_widget_inline cke_widget_selected\"><span class=\"math-tex cke_widget_element\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/elpiscart.com\/cgi-bin\/mathtex.cgi?Alcoho\\operatorname{l} \\xleftarrow{{LiAl{H_4}{\\text{ }}{{\\text{H}}_2}O}}Carboxylic{\\text{ acids}}\" \/><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><strong>Structure of phenols:<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/media-mycbseguide.s3.amazonaws.com\/images\/static\/revise\/12\/chemistry\/12_chemistry_ch11_02.png\" \/><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Preparation_of_phenols\"><\/span><strong>Preparation of phenols:<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>a)<\/strong>\u00a0From benzene<br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/media-mycbseguide.s3.amazonaws.com\/images\/static\/revise\/12\/chemistry\/12_chemistry_ch11_03.png\" \/><\/p>\n<p><strong>b)<\/strong>\u00a0From chlorobenzene<br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/media-mycbseguide.s3.amazonaws.com\/images\/static\/revise\/12\/chemistry\/12_chemistry_ch11_06.png\" \/><\/p>\n<p><strong>c)<\/strong>\u00a0From cumene<br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/media-mycbseguide.s3.amazonaws.com\/images\/static\/revise\/12\/chemistry\/12_chemistry_ch11_07.png\" \/><\/p>\n<p><strong>d)<\/strong>\u00a0From aniline<br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/media-mycbseguide.s3.amazonaws.com\/images\/static\/revise\/12\/chemistry\/12_chemistry_ch11_08.png\" \/><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Physical_properties_of_alcohols_and_phenols\"><\/span><strong>Physical properties of alcohols and phenols:<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>a)<\/strong>\u00a0Boiling points: Boiling points of alcohols and phenols are higher in comparison to other classes of compounds. This is because the \u2013OH group in alcohols and phenols is involved in intermolecular hydrogen bonding.<br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/media-mycbseguide.s3.amazonaws.com\/images\/static\/revise\/12\/chemistry\/12_chemistry_ch11_10.png\" \/><\/p>\n<p>The boiling points of alcohols and phenols increase with increase in the number of carbon atoms. This is because of increase in van der Waals forces with increase in surface area.<br \/>\nIn alcohols, the boiling points decrease with increase of branching in carbon chain. This is because of decrease in van der Waals forces with decrease in surface area.<\/p>\n<p><strong>b)<\/strong>\u00a0Solubility: Solubility of alcohols and phenols are soluble in water due to their ability to form hydrogen bonds with water molecules. The solubility of alcohols decreases with increase in size of alkyl\/aryl (hydrophobic) groups.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Chemical_properties_of_alcohols\"><\/span><strong>Chemical properties of alcohols: <\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>I.<\/strong> Reactions involving cleavage of O\u2013H bond: Alcohols react as nucleophiles:<\/p>\n<p><strong>a)<\/strong>\u00a0Reaction with metals<br \/>\n<span class=\"cke_widget_wrapper cke_widget_inline cke_widget_selected\"><span class=\"math-tex cke_widget_element\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/elpiscart.com\/cgi-bin\/mathtex.cgi?2R - O - H + 2Na \\to \\mathop {2R - O - Na}\\limits_{Sodium{\\text{ alkoxide}}}+ {H_2}\" \/><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong>b)\u00a0<\/strong>Esterification reaction<br \/>\n<span class=\"cke_widget_wrapper cke_widget_inline cke_widget_selected\"><span class=\"math-tex cke_widget_element\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/elpiscart.com\/cgi-bin\/mathtex.cgi?\\mathop {RO - H}\\limits_{Alcohol}+ R' - COOH\\mathop\\Leftrightarrow \\limits^{{H^ + }} ROCOR' + {H_2}O\" \/><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"cke_widget_wrapper cke_widget_inline cke_widget_selected\"><span class=\"math-tex cke_widget_element\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/elpiscart.com\/cgi-bin\/mathtex.cgi?\\mathop {RO - H}\\limits_{Alcohol}+ (R'C{O_2})O\\mathop\\Leftrightarrow \\limits^{{H^ + }} ROCOR' + R'COOH\" \/><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"cke_widget_wrapper cke_widget_inline cke_widget_selected\"><span class=\"math-tex cke_widget_element\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/elpiscart.com\/cgi-bin\/mathtex.cgi?\\mathop {RO - H}\\limits_{Alcohol}+ R'COCl\\xrightarrow{{Pyridine}}R - OCOR' + HCl\" \/><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong>II.<\/strong> Reactions of alcohols involving cleavage of carbon \u2013 oxygen (C\u2013O) bond:<br \/>\n<strong>a)<\/strong>\u00a0Reaction with hydrogen halides<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"cke_widget_wrapper cke_widget_inline cke_widget_selected\"><span class=\"math-tex cke_widget_element\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/elpiscart.com\/cgi-bin\/mathtex.cgi?ROH + HX\\xrightarrow{{conc.HCl + ZnC{l_2}\/Lucas{\\text{ reagent}}}}RX + {H_2}O\" \/><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong>b)<\/strong>\u00a0Reaction with phosphorus trihalides<br \/>\n<span class=\"cke_widget_wrapper cke_widget_inline cke_widget_selected\"><span class=\"math-tex cke_widget_element\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/elpiscart.com\/cgi-bin\/mathtex.cgi?3ROH + P{X_3} \\to 3R - X + {H_3}P{O_3}(X = Cl,Br)\" \/><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong>c)<\/strong>\u00a0Dehydration reaction<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"cke_widget_wrapper cke_widget_inline cke_widget_selected\"><span class=\"math-tex cke_widget_element\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/elpiscart.com\/cgi-bin\/mathtex.cgi?Alcohol\\xrightarrow{\\begin{subarray}{l} \\Pr otic{\\text{ acids(conc}}{\\text{.}}{{\\text{H}}_2}S{O_4}or{H_3}P{O_4}) Or Catalysts(anhyd.ZnC{l_2}{\\text{ or alumina)}}\\end{subarray} }C = C + {H_2}O\" \/><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p>d). Oxidation reaction<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"cke_widget_wrapper cke_widget_inline cke_widget_selected\"><span class=\"math-tex cke_widget_element\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/elpiscart.com\/cgi-bin\/mathtex.cgi?Alcohol\\xrightarrow{{Acidified{\\text{ potassium permanganat}}}}Carboxylic{\\text{ acid}}\" \/><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong>i)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>ii)<\/strong>\u00a0<span class=\"cke_widget_wrapper cke_widget_inline cke_widget_selected\"><span class=\"math-tex cke_widget_element\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/elpiscart.com\/cgi-bin\/mathtex.cgi?{\\text{ Secondary }}Alcohol\\xrightarrow{\\begin{subarray}{l} CU,573k \\\\ Or \\\\ Cr{O_3} \\end{subarray} }Ketone\" \/><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong>iii)<\/strong>\u00a0<span class=\"cke_widget_wrapper cke_widget_inline cke_widget_selected\"><span class=\"math-tex cke_widget_element\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/elpiscart.com\/cgi-bin\/mathtex.cgi?{\\text{ Tertiary }}Alcohol\\xrightarrow{\\begin{subarray}{l} CU,573k \\\\ Or \\\\ KMn{O_4} \\end{subarray} }Alkene\" \/><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Chemical properties of phenols:<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>I.<\/strong> Reactions involving cleavage of O\u2013H bond: Alcohols react as nucleophiles:<\/p>\n<p><strong>a)<\/strong>\u00a0Reaction with metals<br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/media-mycbseguide.s3.amazonaws.com\/images\/static\/revise\/12\/chemistry\/12_chemistry_ch11_04.png\" \/><\/p>\n<p><strong>b)<\/strong>\u00a0Esterification reaction<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"cke_widget_wrapper cke_widget_inline cke_widget_selected\"><span class=\"math-tex cke_widget_element\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/elpiscart.com\/cgi-bin\/mathtex.cgi?\\mathop {Ar - OH}\\limits_{Phenol}+ R' - COOH\\mathop\\Leftrightarrow \\limits^{{H^ + }} Ar - OCOR' + {H_2}O\" \/><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"cke_widget_wrapper cke_widget_inline cke_widget_selected\"><span class=\"math-tex cke_widget_element\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/elpiscart.com\/cgi-bin\/mathtex.cgi?\\mathop {Ar - OH}\\limits_{Phenol}+ {(R'CO)_2}O\\mathop\\Leftrightarrow \\limits^{{H^ + }} Ar - OCOR' + R'COOH\" \/><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"cke_widget_wrapper cke_widget_inline cke_widget_selected\"><span class=\"math-tex cke_widget_element\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/elpiscart.com\/cgi-bin\/mathtex.cgi?\\mathop {Ar - OH}\\limits_{Phenol}+ R'COCl\\xrightarrow{{Pyridine}}ArOCOR' + HCl\" \/><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong>II.<\/strong> Other chemical reactions of phenols:<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/media-mycbseguide.s3.amazonaws.com\/images\/static\/revise\/12\/chemistry\/12_chemistry_ch11_11.png\" \/><\/p>\n<p>III. Acidic nature of phenol and alcohol:<\/p>\n<p>a). Phenol &gt; H2O &gt; Primary alcohol &gt; Secondary alcohol &gt; Tertiary alcohol.<br \/>\nThe acidic character of alcohols is due to the polar nature of O\u2013H bond. Alkyl group is an electron-releasing group (\u2013CH3, \u2013C2H5) or it has electron releasing inductive effect (+I effect). Due to +I effect of alkyl groups, the electron density on oxygen increases. This decreases the polarity of O-H bond. And hence the acid strength decreases.<br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/media-mycbseguide.s3.amazonaws.com\/images\/static\/revise\/12\/chemistry\/12_chemistry_ch11_12.png\" \/><\/p>\n<p><strong>b)<\/strong>\u00a0Phenol is more acidic than alcohol: In phenol, the hydroxyl group is directly attached to the <em>sp2<\/em>hybridised carbon of benzene ring which acts as an electron withdrawing group whereas in alcohols, the hydroxyl group is attached to the alkyl group which have electron releasing inductive effect. In phenol, the hydroxyl group is directly attached to the <em>sp2<\/em>hybridised carbon of benzene ring whereas in alcohols, the hydroxyl group is attached to the <em>sp3<\/em>hybridised carbon of the alkyl group. The <em>sp<\/em>2hybridised carbon has higher electronegativity than <em>sp3<\/em>hybridised carbon. Thus, the polarity of O\u2013H bond of phenols is higher than those of alcohols. Hence, the ionisation of phenols is higher than that of alcohols.<br \/>\nThe ionisation of an alcohol and a phenol takes place as follows:<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/media-mycbseguide.s3.amazonaws.com\/images\/static\/revise\/12\/chemistry\/12_chemistry_ch11_13.png\" \/><\/p>\n<p>In alkoxide ion, the negative charge is localised on oxygen while in phenoxide ion, the charge is delocalised.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/media-mycbseguide.s3.amazonaws.com\/images\/static\/revise\/12\/chemistry\/12_chemistry_ch11_14.png\" \/><\/p>\n<p>The delocalisation of negative charge makes phenoxide ion more stable and favours the ionisation of phenol. Although there is also charge delocalisation in phenol, its resonance structures have charge separation due to which the phenol molecule is less stable than phenoxide ion.<br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/media-mycbseguide.s3.amazonaws.com\/images\/static\/revise\/12\/chemistry\/12_chemistry_ch11_15.png\" \/><\/p>\n<p><strong>c)<\/strong>\u00a0In substituted phenols, the presence of electron withdrawing groups such as nitro group enhances the acidic strength of phenol. On the other hand, electron releasing groups, such as alkyl groups, in general, decreases the acid strength. It is because electron withdrawing groups lead to effective delocalisation of negative charge in phenoxide ion.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Differentiate_between_organic_compounds\"><\/span><strong>Differentiate between organic compounds:<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>a)<\/strong>\u00a0Alcohols and phenols<br \/>\nPhenol on reaction with neutral FeCl3 gives purple colour whereas alcohols do not give purple colour.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"cke_widget_wrapper cke_widget_inline cke_widget_selected\"><span class=\"math-tex cke_widget_element\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/elpiscart.com\/cgi-bin\/mathtex.cgi?6{C_6}{H_5}OH + F{e^{3 + }} \\to \\mathop {{{[Fe{{(O{C_6}{H_5})}_6}]}^{3 - }}}\\limits_{Purple{\\text{ colour}}}+ 6{H^ + }\" \/><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong>b)<\/strong>\u00a0Primary, secondary and tertiary alcohols<br \/>\nLucas reagent test:<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"cke_widget_wrapper cke_widget_inline cke_widget_selected\"><span class=\"math-tex cke_widget_element\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/elpiscart.com\/cgi-bin\/mathtex.cgi?ROH + HCl\\xrightarrow{{conc.HCl + ZnC{l_2}\/Lucas{\\text{ reagent}}}}RCl + {H_2}O\" \/><\/span><\/span><br \/>\nIf it is a primary alcohol, no turbidity appears at room temperature. Turbidity appears only on heating. If it is a secondary alcohol, turbidity appears in 5 minutes. If it is a tertiary alcohol, turbidity appears immediately.<\/p>\n<p><strong>c)<\/strong>\u00a0Methanol and ethanol<\/p>\n<p>Iodoform test: Ethanol when reacted with (I2 and NaOH) or NaOI gives yellow ppt of iodoform since it has the presence of CH3-CH (OH)- group.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"cke_widget_wrapper cke_widget_inline cke_widget_selected\"><span class=\"math-tex cke_widget_element\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/elpiscart.com\/cgi-bin\/mathtex.cgi?{C_2}{H_5}OH + 4{I_2} + 6NaOH \\to \\mathop {CH{I_3}}\\limits_{Yellow{\\text{ ppt}}}+ 5NaI + 5{H_2}O + HCOONa\" \/><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"cke_widget_wrapper cke_widget_inline cke_widget_selected\"><span class=\"math-tex cke_widget_element\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/elpiscart.com\/cgi-bin\/mathtex.cgi?C{H_3}OH + {I_2} + NaOH \\to No{\\text{ yellow ppt}}\" \/><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Structure of ethers:<\/strong><br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/media-mycbseguide.s3.amazonaws.com\/images\/static\/revise\/12\/chemistry\/12_chemistry_ch11_16.png\" \/><\/li>\n<li><strong>Preparation of ethers:<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>a)<\/strong>\u00a0From alcohols<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"cke_widget_wrapper cke_widget_inline cke_widget_selected\"><span class=\"math-tex cke_widget_element\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/elpiscart.com\/cgi-bin\/mathtex.cgi?Alcohol\\xrightarrow{{{H_2}S{O_4}{\\text{ or }}{{\\text{H}}_3}P{O_4}{\\text{ at413K}}}}Ethers\" \/><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong>b)<\/strong>\u00a0From alkyl halide and sodium alkoxide<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"cke_widget_wrapper cke_widget_inline cke_widget_selected\"><span class=\"math-tex cke_widget_element\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/elpiscart.com\/cgi-bin\/mathtex.cgi?Ethers\\xleftarrow{{Williamson's{\\text{ synthesis}}}}Alkyl{\\text{ halide and sodium alkoxide}}\" \/><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p>Here, the alkyl halide should be primary and alkoxide should be tertiary. In case of aromatic ether, the aromatic part should be with phenoxide ion.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Physical_properties_of_ethers\"><\/span><strong>Physical properties of ethers<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>a)\u00a0Miscibility: <\/strong>Miscibility of ethers with water resembles those of alcohols of the same molecular mass. This is due to the fact that just like alcohols, oxygen of ether can also form hydrogen bonds with water molecule.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/media-mycbseguide.s3.amazonaws.com\/images\/static\/revise\/12\/chemistry\/12_chemistry_ch11_17.png\" \/><\/p>\n<p><strong>b)\u00a0Boiling points:<\/strong><br \/>\nEthers have much lower boiling points than alcohols. This is due to the presence of hydrogen bonding in alcohols. Hydrogen bonding is absent in ethers.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/media-mycbseguide.s3.amazonaws.com\/images\/static\/revise\/12\/chemistry\/12_chemistry_ch11_18.png\" \/><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Chemical_properties_of_ethers\"><\/span><strong>Chemical properties of ethers: <\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>a)\u00a0Cleavage of C\u2013O bond in ethers:<\/strong><br \/>\nR-O-R\u2019 + HX \u2192 R-X + R\u2019OH<br \/>\nExcess<br \/>\nThe order of reactivity of hydrogen halides is as follows: HI &gt;HBr&gt;HCl<br \/>\nAlkyl halide formed is always the lower alkyl group. But if a tertiary alkyl group is present, the alkyl halide is always tertiary. In case of phenolic ethers, the cleavage occurs with the formation of phenol and alkyl halide.<\/p>\n<p><strong>b)\u00a0<\/strong>Electrophilic substitution reaction in aromatic ethers:<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/media-mycbseguide.s3.amazonaws.com\/images\/static\/revise\/12\/chemistry\/12_chemistry_ch11_19.png\" \/><\/p>\n<p>The electrophilic substitution reaction of aromatic ether involves the following reaction:<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/media-mycbseguide.s3.amazonaws.com\/images\/static\/revise\/12\/chemistry\/12_chemistry_ch11_05.png\" \/><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Other conversion reactions:<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>a)<\/strong>\u00a0Phenol to salicyldehyde<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone\" src=\"https:\/\/media-mycbseguide.s3.amazonaws.com\/images\/static\/revise\/12\/chemistry\/12_chemistry_ch11_20.png\" alt=\"Alcohols Phenols and Ethers class 12 Notes Chemistry\" width=\"509\" height=\"216\" \/><\/p>\n<p><strong>b)<\/strong>\u00a0Phenol to benzene diazonium chloride<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/media-mycbseguide.s3.amazonaws.com\/images\/static\/revise\/12\/chemistry\/12_chemistry_ch11_21.png\" \/><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"CBSE_Class-12_Revision_Notes_and_Key_Points\"><\/span><strong>CBSE Class-12 Revision Notes and Key Points<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Alcohols Phenols and Ethers class 12 Notes. CBSE quick revision note for class-12 Chemistry, Physics Math\u2019s, Biology and other subject are very helpful to revise the whole syllabus during exam days. The revision notes covers all important formulas and concepts given in the chapter. Even if you wish to have an overview of a chapter, quick revision notes are here to do if for you. These notes will certainly save your time during stressful exam days.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/downloads\/cbse-class-12-physics\/1251\/cbse-revision-notes\/7\/\">Physics<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/downloads\/cbse-class-12-chemistry\/1267\/cbse-revision-notes\/7\/\">Chemistry<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/downloads\/cbse-class-12-mathematics\/1284\/cbse-revision-notes\/7\/\">Mathematics<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/downloads\/cbse-class-12-biology\/1298\/cbse-revision-notes\/7\/\">Biology<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/downloads\/cbse-class-12-accountancy\/1315\/cbse-revision-notes\/7\/\">Accountancy<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/downloads\/cbse-class-12-economics\/1327\/cbse-revision-notes\/7\/\">Economics<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/downloads\/cbse-class-12-business-studies\/1727\/cbse-revision-notes\/7\/\">Business Studies<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/downloads\/cbse-class-12-computer-science\/1851\/cbse-revision-notes\/7\/\">Computer Science<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/downloads\/cbse-class-12-informatics-practices\/1873\/cbse-revision-notes\/7\/\">Informatics Practices<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/downloads\/cbse-class-12-english-core\/1855\/cbse-revision-notes\/7\/\">English Core<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/downloads\/cbse-class-12-history\/1869\/cbse-revision-notes\/7\/\">History<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/downloads\/cbse-class-12-physical-education\/1877\/cbse-revision-notes\/7\/\">Physical Education<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>To download Alcohols Phenols and Ethers class 12 Notes Chemistry sample paper for class 12 Physics, Chemistry, Biology, History, Political Science, Economics, Geography, Computer Science, Home Science, Accountancy, Business Studies and Home Science; do check myCBSEguide app or website. myCBSEguide provides sample papers with solution, test papers for chapter-wise practice, NCERT Alcohols Phenols and Ethers, NCERT Exemplar Alcohols Phenols and Ethers, quick revision notes for ready reference, CBSE guess papers and CBSE important question papers. Sample Paper all are made available through\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/play.google.com\/store\/apps\/details?id=in.techchefs.MyCBSEGuide&amp;referrer=utm_source%3Dmycbse_bottom%26utm_medium%3Dtext%26utm_campaign%3Dmycbseads\"><strong>the best app for CBSE students<\/strong><\/a>\u00a0and myCBSEguide website.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"entry-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/blog\/solid-state-class-12-notes-chemistry\/\">Solid State class 12 Notes Chemistry<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"entry-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/blog\/solutions-class-12-notes-chemistry\/\">Solutions class 12 Notes Chemistry<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"entry-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/blog\/electrochemistry-class-12-notes-chemistry\/\">Electrochemistry class 12 Notes Chemistry<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"entry-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/blog\/chemical-kinetics-class-12-notes-chemistry\/\">Chemical Kinetics class 12 Notes Chemistry<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"entry-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/blog\/surface-chemistry-class-12-notes-chemistry\/\">Surface Chemistry class 12 Notes Chemistry<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"entry-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/blog\/general-principles-processes-isolation-elements-class-12-notes-chemistry\/\">General Principles and Processes of Isolation of Elements class 12 Notes Chemistry<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"entry-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/blog\/p-block-elements-class-12-notes-chemistry\/\">The p-Block Elements class 12 Notes Chemistry<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"entry-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/blog\/d-f-block-elements-class-12-notes-chemistry\/\">The d- and f- Block Elements class 12 Notes Chemistry<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"entry-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/blog\/coordination-compounds-class-12-notes-chemistry\/\">Coordination Compounds class 12 Notes Chemistry<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"entry-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/blog\/haloalkanes-haloarenes-class-12-notes-chemistry\/\">Haloalkanes and Haloarenes class 12 Notes Chemistry<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"entry-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/blog\/aldehydes-ketones-carboxylic-acids-class-12-notes-chemistry\/\">Aldehydes Ketones and Carboxylic Acids class 12 Notes Chemistry<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"entry-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/blog\/amines-class-12-notes-chemistry\/\">Amines class 12 Notes Chemistry<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"entry-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/blog\/biomolecules-class-12-notes-chemistry\/\">Biomolecules class 12 Notes Chemistry<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"entry-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/blog\/polymers-class-12-notes-chemistry\/\">Polymers class 12 Notes Chemistry<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"entry-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/blog\/chemistry-everyday-life-class-12-notes-chemistry\/\">Chemistry in Everyday Life class 12 Notes Chemistry<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Alcohols Phenols and Ethers class 12 Notes Chemistry in PDF are available for free download in myCBSEguide mobile app. The best app for CBSE students now provides Alcohols Phenols and Ethers class 12 Notes latest chapter wise notes for quick preparation of CBSE board exams and school-based annual examinations. Class 12 Chemistry notes on chapter &#8230; <a title=\"Alcohols Phenols and Ethers Class 12 Notes Chemistry\" class=\"read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/blog\/alcohols-phenols-ethers-class-12-notes-chemistry\/\" aria-label=\"More on Alcohols Phenols and Ethers Class 12 Notes Chemistry\">Read more<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":9086,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[48,456],"tags":[531,457,150,504,426,240],"class_list":["post-9197","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-cbse-class-12","category-revision-notes","tag-alcohols-phenols-and-ethers","tag-cbse-notes","tag-cbse-notes-and-key-points","tag-chemistry-notes","tag-quick-revision","tag-quick-revision-notes"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.0 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Alcohols Phenols and Ethers Class 12 Notes Chemistry | myCBSEguide<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Alcohols Phenols and Ethers class 12 Notes Chemistry chapter 11 in PDF format for free download. 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