{"id":9121,"date":"2018-02-09T09:44:55","date_gmt":"2018-02-09T04:14:55","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/blog\/?p=9121"},"modified":"2018-10-23T14:46:28","modified_gmt":"2018-10-23T09:16:28","slug":"carbon-and-its-compounds-class-10-notes","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/blog\/carbon-and-its-compounds-class-10-notes\/","title":{"rendered":"Carbon and its Compounds class 10 Notes Science"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_76 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 eztoc-toggle-hide-by-default' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/blog\/carbon-and-its-compounds-class-10-notes\/#Carbon_and_its_Compounds_Class_10_notes_Science\" >Carbon and its Compounds\u00a0Class 10 notes Science<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/blog\/carbon-and-its-compounds-class-10-notes\/#CBSE_Class_10_Science_Revision_Notes_Chapter_4_Carbon_and_its_compounds\" >CBSE Class 10 Science Revision Notes Chapter 4 Carbon and its compounds<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/blog\/carbon-and-its-compounds-class-10-notes\/#Covalent_Bond_in_Carbon\" >Covalent Bond in Carbon<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/blog\/carbon-and-its-compounds-class-10-notes\/#Saturated_and_Unsaturated_Carbon_Compounds\" >Saturated and Unsaturated Carbon Compounds<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/blog\/carbon-and-its-compounds-class-10-notes\/#TRY_DRAWING_THE_ELECTRON_DOT_STRUCTURE_OF_ETHYNE\" >TRY DRAWING THE ELECTRON DOT STRUCTURE OF ETHYNE<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/blog\/carbon-and-its-compounds-class-10-notes\/#Heteroatom_and_Functional_Group\" >Heteroatom and Functional Group<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/blog\/carbon-and-its-compounds-class-10-notes\/#Homologous_Series\" >Homologous Series<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/blog\/carbon-and-its-compounds-class-10-notes\/#Functional_Group_Suffix_Prefix\" >Functional Group Suffix Prefix<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/blog\/carbon-and-its-compounds-class-10-notes\/#Chemical_Properties_of_Carbon_Compounds\" >Chemical Properties of Carbon Compounds<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/blog\/carbon-and-its-compounds-class-10-notes\/#CHEMICAL_PROPERTIES_OF_ETHANOL\" >CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF ETHANOL<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/blog\/carbon-and-its-compounds-class-10-notes\/#Ethanoic_Acid_Acetic_Acid\" >Ethanoic Acid ( \/Acetic Acid :<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/blog\/carbon-and-its-compounds-class-10-notes\/#Soaps_and_Detergents\" >Soaps and Detergents<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/blog\/carbon-and-its-compounds-class-10-notes\/#Cleansing_Action_of_Soaps\" >Cleansing Action of Soaps<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"https:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/blog\/carbon-and-its-compounds-class-10-notes\/#Carbon_and_its_Compounds_class_10_Notes\" >Carbon and its Compounds class 10 Notes<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-15\" href=\"https:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/blog\/carbon-and-its-compounds-class-10-notes\/#_CBSE_Class_10_Revision_Notes\" >\u00a0CBSE Class 10 Revision Notes<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<p>CBSE class 10 Science Chapter 4 Carbon and its Compounds notes in PDF are available for free download in myCBSEguide mobile app. The best app for CBSE students now provides Carbon and its Compounds class 10 Notes latest chapter wise notes for quick preparation of CBSE board exams and school based annual examinations. Class 10 Science notes on Chapter 4 Carbon and its Compounds are also available for download in CBSE Guide website.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Carbon_and_its_Compounds_Class_10_notes_Science\"><\/span>Carbon and its Compounds\u00a0Class 10 notes Science<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Download CBSE class 10th revision notes for Chapter 4 Carbon and its Compounds in PDF format for free. Download revision notes for Carbon and its Compounds class 10 Notes and score high in exams. These are the Carbon and its Compounds class 10 Notes prepared by team of expert teachers. The revision notes help you revise the whole chapter in minutes. Revising notes in exam days is on of the best tips recommended by teachers during exam days.<\/p>\n<p>CBSE quick revision note for Class-10 Science, Chemistry, Maths, Biology and other subject are very helpful to revise the whole syllabus during exam days. The revision notes covers all important formulas and concepts given in the chapter. Even if you wish to have an overview of a chapter, quick revision notes are here to do if for you. These notes will certainly save your time during stressful exam days.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Revisions Notes for class 10 Science\u00a0<a class=\"button\" href=\"https:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/downloads\/cbse-class-10-science\/1176\/\">Download as PDF<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"CBSE_Class_10_Science_Revision_Notes_Chapter_4_Carbon_and_its_compounds\"><\/span><strong>CBSE Class 10 Science Revision Notes Chapter 4 Carbon and its compounds<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Carbon is a versatile element. Found in .02% in form of minerals an 03% in form of <span class=\"cke_widget_wrapper cke_widget_inline cke_widget_selected\"><span class=\"math-tex cke_widget_element\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/elpiscart.com\/cgi-bin\/mathtex.cgi?C{O_{{2^.}}}\" \/><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li>All living structures are carbon based.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Covalent_Bond_in_Carbon\"><\/span><strong>Covalent Bond in Carbon<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>The atomic number of carbon is 6 and its electronic configuration is 2, 4. To attain a noble gas configuration it requires four more electrons in its valence shell.<\/li>\n<li>It is difficult for an atom of carbon to either gain or lose electrons as it would be difficult to hold extra electrons and would require a large amount of energy to remove four electrons.<\/li>\n<li>Carbon attains the noble gas configuration by sharing its valence electrons with other atoms.Such mutual sharing of electrons between atoms to attain a stable noble gas configuration is called <strong><u>Covalent bonding.<\/u><\/strong><\/li>\n<li>Atoms of other elements like hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, chlorine also show sharing of valence electrons.<\/li>\n<li>Depending on the number of electron pairs shared, covalent bond is of three types :<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>Single Covalent Bond:<\/strong>\u00a0Single covalent bond is formed because of sharing of two electrons,i.e one pair .Example : Hydrogen,Chlorine,Methane.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Double covalent bond:<\/strong>\u00a0Double bond is formed by sharing of four electrons,i.e two pairs of electrons. Example : Oxygen molecule,Carbon Dioxide molecule.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Triple Covalent Bond:<\/strong>\u00a0Triple covalent bond is formed because of the sharing of six electrons, three pairs of electrons. Example :Nitrogen,C<sub>2<\/sub>H<sub>2<\/sub><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft\" src=\"https:\/\/media-mycbseguide.s3.amazonaws.com\/images\/static\/revise\/10\/science\/10_sc_ch04_01.png\" \/><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/media-mycbseguide.s3.amazonaws.com\/images\/static\/revise\/10\/science\/10_sc_ch04_02.png\" \/> <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/media-mycbseguide.s3.amazonaws.com\/images\/static\/revise\/10\/science\/10_sc_ch04_03.png\" \/><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/media-mycbseguide.s3.amazonaws.com\/images\/static\/revise\/10\/science\/10_sc_ch04_04.png\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Properties of Covalent Bonds.<\/p>\n<p>\u2013 Covalently bonded molecules have <u>low melting and boiling points<\/u>\u00a0.<br \/>\n&#8211;comparatively weaker intermolecular forces, unlike ionic compounds.<br \/>\n\u2013 These molecules are generally poor conductor of electricity since no charged particles are formed.<\/p>\n<p>Two important properties which enable carbon to form enormously large number of compounds.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/media-mycbseguide.s3.amazonaws.com\/images\/static\/revise\/10\/science\/10_sc_ch04_05.jpg\" \/><\/p>\n<p><strong>1. CATENATION <\/strong>is property of carbon atom to form bond with other atoms of carbon. Like carbon, silicon forms compounds with hydrogen upto seven or eight atoms of silicon called silanes.<br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/media-mycbseguide.s3.amazonaws.com\/images\/static\/review\/4526.jpg\" alt=\"\" \/><\/p>\n<p>2.<strong>TETRA VALENCY<\/strong> : Having a valency of 4, carbon atom is capable of bonding with atoms of oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, sulphur, chlorine and other elements. Since it requires four electrons, carbon is said to be tetravalent.<br \/>\nThe smaller size of carbon atom enables nucleus to hold the shared pair of electrons strongly, thus carbon compounds are very stable in general.<\/p>\n<p><strong>HYDROCARBONS:\u00a0<\/strong>\u00a0The compounds which are majorly made of hydrogen and carbon atoms.Hydrocarbons are further classified as<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/media-mycbseguide.s3.amazonaws.com\/images\/static\/review\/4526_1.jpg\" alt=\"\" \/><\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Saturated_and_Unsaturated_Carbon_Compounds\"><\/span><strong>Saturated and Unsaturated Carbon Compounds<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Saturated Compounds : Saturated compounds are hydrocarbons in which hydrogen and carbon have single bonds. They are also known as Alkanes.<br \/>\nALKANE : <span class=\"cke_widget_wrapper cke_widget_inline cke_widget_selected\"><span class=\"math-tex cke_widget_element\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/elpiscart.com\/cgi-bin\/mathtex.cgi?{C_n}{H_{2n + 2}}\" \/><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p>Unsaturated Compounds :\u00a0hydrocarbons in which hydrogen and carbon have double or triple bonds.\u00a0hydrocarbons with double covalent bonds are alkenes and those with triple covalent bonds are alkynes.<br \/>\nALKENE : <span class=\"cke_widget_wrapper cke_widget_inline cke_widget_selected\"><span class=\"math-tex cke_widget_element\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/elpiscart.com\/cgi-bin\/mathtex.cgi?{C_n}{H_{{2^n}}}\" \/><\/span><\/span><br \/>\nNote :\u00a0\u00a0alkene does not exist with one carbon atom, thus, methene does not exist.<\/p>\n<p>ALKYNE : <span class=\"cke_widget_wrapper cke_widget_inline cke_widget_selected\"><span class=\"math-tex cke_widget_element\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/elpiscart.com\/cgi-bin\/mathtex.cgi?{C_n}{H_{2n - 2}}\" \/><\/span><\/span><br \/>\n<strong>note :\u00a0<\/strong>minimum two carbon atoms are required to form alkyne.<\/p>\n<p>A part from branched structures, carbon compounds are present in cyclic form. Example: Electron Dot structure :<strong>Lewis<\/strong>\u00a0<strong>structures<\/strong>\u00a0(\\electron\u00a0<strong>dot<\/strong>\u00a0<strong>structures<\/strong>) are diagrams that show the bonding between atoms of a molecule and the lone pairs of electrons that may exist in the molecule.<\/p>\n<p>Steps to draw a Lewis structure :<br \/>\n1. Decide how many valence (outer shell) electrons are possessed by each atom in the molecule.<br \/>\n2.If there is more than one atom type in the molecule, put the most metallic or least electronegative atom in the center. Recall that electro-negativity decreases as atom moves further away from fluorine on the periodic chart.<br \/>\n3.Arrange the electrons so that each atom contributes one electron to a single bond between each atom.<br \/>\n4.Count the electrons around each atom: are the octets complete? If so, your Lewis dot structure is complete.<br \/>\n5.\u00a0If the octets are incomplete, and more electrons remain to be shared, move one electron per bond per atom to make another bond. Note that in some structures there will be open octets (example: the B of BF<sub>3<\/sub>), or atoms which have ten electrons (example: the S of SF<sub>5<\/sub>)<br \/>\n6.\u00a0Repeat steps 4 and 5 as needed until all octets are full.<br \/>\n7. Redraw the dots so that electrons on any given atom are in pairs wherever possible.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/media-mycbseguide.s3.amazonaws.com\/images\/static\/revise\/10\/science\/10_sc_ch04_07.png\" \/>Electron dot structure of a saturated carbon compound, ethane is as follows:<br \/>\nElectron dot structure of an unsaturated carbon compound, ethene is as follows:<br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/media-mycbseguide.s3.amazonaws.com\/images\/static\/revise\/10\/science\/10_sc_ch04_08.png\" \/><\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"TRY_DRAWING_THE_ELECTRON_DOT_STRUCTURE_OF_ETHYNE\"><\/span><strong>TRY DRAWING THE ELECTRON DOT STRUCTURE OF ETHYNE<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><strong>Formulae and Structures of Saturated Compounds of Carbon and Hydrogen<\/strong><br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/media-mycbseguide.s3.amazonaws.com\/images\/static\/revise\/10\/science\/10_sc_ch04_09.png\" width=\"352\" height=\"380\" \/><\/p>\n<p>On the basis of structures the hydrocarbons can be:<br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/media-mycbseguide.s3.amazonaws.com\/images\/static\/revise\/10\/science\/10_sc_ch04_10.png\" \/><br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/media-mycbseguide.s3.amazonaws.com\/images\/static\/revise\/10\/science\/10_sc_ch04_11.png\" \/><br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/media-mycbseguide.s3.amazonaws.com\/images\/static\/revise\/10\/science\/10_sc_ch04_12.png\" \/><br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/media-mycbseguide.s3.amazonaws.com\/images\/static\/revise\/10\/science\/10_sc_ch04_13.png\" \/><\/p>\n<p><strong>Structural isomers<\/strong> : These are the compounds having identical molecular formula but different structures. For example, isomers of butane.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/media-mycbseguide.s3.amazonaws.com\/images\/static\/revise\/10\/science\/10_sc_ch04_14.jpg\" \/> <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/media-mycbseguide.s3.amazonaws.com\/images\/static\/revise\/10\/science\/10_sc_ch04_15.jpg\" \/><\/p>\n<p><strong><u>NOMENCLATURE :\u00a0<\/u><\/strong>Nomenclature is the system of assignment of names given to organic compounds.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Heteroatom_and_Functional_Group\"><\/span><strong>Heteroatom and Functional Group<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>In hydrocarbon chain, one or more hydrogen atoms can be replaced by other atoms in accordance with their valencies. The element that replaces hydrogen is called a hetero atom.<\/li>\n<li>These hetero atoms and the group containing them impart chemical properties to the compound and hence are called functional groups.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/media-mycbseguide.s3.amazonaws.com\/images\/static\/review\/4526_2.gif\" alt=\"\" \/><\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Homologous_Series\"><\/span><strong>Homologous Series<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>It is a series of compounds in which the same functional group substitutes for hydrogen in a carbon chain.<\/li>\n<li>For instance, the ALCOHOLS : <span class=\"cke_widget_wrapper cke_widget_inline cke_widget_selected\"><span class=\"math-tex cke_widget_element\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/elpiscart.com\/cgi-bin\/mathtex.cgi?C{H_2}\" \/><\/span><\/span>OH, <span class=\"cke_widget_wrapper cke_widget_inline cke_widget_selected\"><span class=\"math-tex cke_widget_element\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/elpiscart.com\/cgi-bin\/mathtex.cgi?{C_2}{H_5}OH\" \/><\/span><\/span>, <span class=\"cke_widget_wrapper cke_widget_inline cke_widget_selected\"><span class=\"math-tex cke_widget_element\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/elpiscart.com\/cgi-bin\/mathtex.cgi?{C_3}{H_7}OH\" \/><\/span><\/span>, <span class=\"cke_widget_wrapper cke_widget_inline cke_widget_selected\"><span class=\"math-tex cke_widget_element\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/elpiscart.com\/cgi-bin\/mathtex.cgi?{C_4}{H_9}OH\" \/><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li>The successive member differs by one -CH<sub>2<\/sub> unit and 14 units of mass.<\/li>\n<li>The chemical properties are imparted by the functional group thus all members have similar chemical properties. But the members have different physical properties.<\/li>\n<li>The physical properties vary among the members of homologous series due to difference in their molecular mass.<\/li>\n<li>Melting point and boiling point increases with increasing molecular mass.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>How to name carbon compounds : NOMENCLATURE<\/p>\n<p>1. Identify the number of carbon atoms in the compound.<\/p>\n<p>2. Functional group is indicated either by prefix or suffix.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Functional_Group_Suffix_Prefix\"><\/span><strong>Functional Group Suffix Prefix<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Alkene- ene<br \/>\nAlkyn- yne<br \/>\nAlcohol- ol<br \/>\nAldehyde- al<br \/>\nKetone- one<br \/>\nCarboxylic acid- oic acid<br \/>\nchlorine -chloro<\/p>\n<p>3. If a suffix is added, then final \u2018e\u2019 is removed from the name e.g.methanol (methane-e = methan + ol).<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Chemical_Properties_of_Carbon_Compounds\"><\/span><strong>Chemical Properties of Carbon Compounds<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>1<strong>. COMBUSTION<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Carbon compounds generally burn (oxidize) in air to produce carbon dioxide and water, and release heat and light energy.<br \/>\n<span class=\"cke_widget_wrapper cke_widget_inline cke_widget_selected\"><span class=\"math-tex cke_widget_element\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/elpiscart.com\/cgi-bin\/mathtex.cgi?C{H_4} + {O_2}\\xrightarrow{{}\\{\\kern 1pt} C{O_2} + {H_2}O + Heat\\;and\\;light\" \/><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li>Saturated hydrocarbon burns generally with a blue flame in good supply or air and with a yellow sooty flame in limited supply of air.<\/li>\n<li>Sooty flame is seen when unsaturated hydrocarbons are burnt.<\/li>\n<li>Burning of coal and petroleum emits oxides of sulphur and nitrogen which are responsible for acid rain.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>2. OXIDATION<\/strong> :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Alcohols can be converted to carboxylic acids by oxidizing them using alkaline potassium permanganate or acidified potassium di-chromate (they add oxygen to the reactant, thus are called oxidizing agents).<br \/>\n<span class=\"cke_widget_wrapper cke_widget_inline cke_widget_selected\"><span class=\"math-tex cke_widget_element\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/elpiscart.com\/cgi-bin\/mathtex.cgi?C{H_3} - C{H_2}OH\\xrightarrow[{Acidified\\;{K_2}C{r_2}{O_7} + heat}]{{AlkalineKMn{O_4} + heat}}\\\\C{H_3}COOH\" \/><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>3. ADDITION REACTION<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Hydrogen is added to unsaturated hydrocarbon in presence of palladium or nickel as catalyst.<br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/media-mycbseguide.s3.amazonaws.com\/images\/static\/revise\/10\/science\/10_sc_ch04_17.png\" \/><br \/>\nSaturated fatty acids are harmful for health and oils with unsaturated fatty<\/p>\n<p>In saturated hydrocarbons, the hydrogen attached to carbon can be replaced by another atom or group of atoms in presence of sunlight.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"cke_widget_wrapper cke_widget_inline cke_widget_selected\"><span class=\"math-tex cke_widget_element\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/elpiscart.com\/cgi-bin\/mathtex.cgi?C{H_4} + C{l_2}\\xrightarrow{{}}C{H_3}Cl + HCl(sunlight\\;required)\" \/><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p>Ethanol and Ethanoic Acid Ethanol<br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/media-mycbseguide.s3.amazonaws.com\/images\/static\/revise\/10\/science\/10_sc_ch04_18.png\" \/><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Consumption of dilute ethanol causes serious health issues and intake of pure alcohol is lethal.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"CHEMICAL_PROPERTIES_OF_ETHANOL\"><\/span><strong>CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF ETHANOL<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<table border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"3\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"cke_widget_wrapper cke_widget_inline cke_widget_selected\"><span class=\"math-tex cke_widget_element\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/elpiscart.com\/cgi-bin\/mathtex.cgi?{C_2}{H_5}OH\" \/><\/span><\/span>\u00a0reacts with Sodium to form Sodium Ethoxide and Hydrogen<\/td>\n<td>When <span class=\"cke_widget_wrapper cke_widget_inline cke_widget_selected\"><span class=\"math-tex cke_widget_element\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/elpiscart.com\/cgi-bin\/mathtex.cgi?{C_2}{H_5}OH\" \/><\/span><\/span>\u00a0is heated with concentrated Sulphuric Acid at 443K. it is dehydrated to Ethene<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/media-mycbseguide.s3.amazonaws.com\/images\/static\/revise\/10\/science\/10_sc_ch04_19.png\" \/><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/media-mycbseguide.s3.amazonaws.com\/images\/static\/revise\/10\/science\/10_sc_ch04_20.png\" \/><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone\" src=\"https:\/\/media-mycbseguide.s3.amazonaws.com\/images\/static\/revise\/10\/science\/10_sc_ch04_21.png\" alt=\"Carbon and its Compounds class 10 Notes Science\" width=\"260\" height=\"97\" \/><\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Ethanoic_Acid_Acetic_Acid\"><\/span><strong>Ethanoic Acid ( \/Acetic Acid :<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>5-8% solution of acetic acid in water is called vinegar.<\/li>\n<li>Pure acetic acid is called glacial acetic acid<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>SODIUM NaSODIUM ETHANOATE AND HYDROGENSODIUM CARBONATE<\/p>\n<table border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"3\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>REACTS WITH<\/td>\n<td>PRODUCTS<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>1.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>2.<\/td>\n<td>SODIUM ETHANOATE, CARBON<\/p>\n<p>DIOXIDE AND WATER<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>3.<\/td>\n<td>SODIUM BICARBONATE<\/td>\n<td>SODIUM ETHANOATE, CARBON<\/p>\n<p>DIOXIDE AND WATER<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>4.<\/td>\n<td>ETHANOL (IN PRESENCE OF CONC. SULPHURIC ACID)<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"cke_widget_wrapper cke_widget_inline cke_widget_selected\"><span class=\"math-tex cke_widget_element\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/elpiscart.com\/cgi-bin\/mathtex.cgi?C{H_3} - C{H_2}OH\" \/><\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<td>ESTER AND WATER<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>5.<\/td>\n<td>NAOH<\/td>\n<td>SODIUM ETHANOATE AND WATER<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/media-mycbseguide.s3.amazonaws.com\/images\/static\/revise\/10\/science\/10_sc_ch04_22.png\" \/><\/p>\n<p>ethonol of ester &#8211; ethnoic acid &#8211; ethyl ethanoate<\/p>\n<p>Carboxylic acids react with alcohols in presence of few drops of concentrated sulphuric acid as catalyst and form sweet smelling compounds called ester.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"cke_widget_wrapper cke_widget_inline cke_widget_selected\"><span class=\"math-tex cke_widget_element\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/elpiscart.com\/cgi-bin\/mathtex.cgi?\\mathop {{C_2}{H_5}OH}\\limits_{ethanol\\,\\,of\\,\\,ester} + \\mathop {C{H_3}COOH}\\limits_{ethanoic\\,\\,acid} \\xrightarrow[{{H_2}S{O_4}}]{{CONC.}}\\\\\\mathop {C{H_3}COO{C_2}{H_5}}\\limits_{ethyl\\,\\,ethanoate}\" \/><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p>Hydrolysis On heating with an acid or a base the ester forms back the original alcohol and carboxylic acid.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"cke_widget_wrapper cke_widget_inline cke_widget_selected\"><span class=\"math-tex cke_widget_element\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/elpiscart.com\/cgi-bin\/mathtex.cgi?C{H_3}COO\\;C{H_2}C{H_3}+ NaOH\\xrightarrow{{}}\\\\C{H_3}COONa + \\;C{H_3} - C{H_2}OH\" \/><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"cke_widget_wrapper cke_widget_inline cke_widget_selected\"><span class=\"math-tex cke_widget_element\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/elpiscart.com\/cgi-bin\/mathtex.cgi?C{H_3}COO\\;C{H_2}C{H_3}\\xrightarrow[{Heat}]{{Dil.{H_2}S{O_4}}}\\\\C{H_3}COOH + C{H_3} - C{H_2}0H\" \/><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Alkaline hydrolysis of ester is also called saponification.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Soaps_and_Detergents\"><\/span><strong>Soaps and Detergents<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Soap is sodium and potassium salt of carboxylic acids with long chain.<\/li>\n<li>Soaps are effective with soft water only and ineffective with hard water.<\/li>\n<li>Detergents are ammonium or sulphonate salts of carboxylic acids with long chain. They are effective with both soft as well as hard water.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>An ionic part (hydrophilic) and a long hydrocarbon chain (hydrophobic)part constitutes the soap molecule.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/media-mycbseguide.s3.amazonaws.com\/images\/static\/review\/4526_3.jpg\" alt=\"\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Long chain of carboxylic acid, hydrophobic ionic end, hydrophilic<\/p>\n<p>Structure of a Soap molecule<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Cleansing_Action_of_Soaps\"><\/span><strong>Cleansing Action of Soaps<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Most dirt is oily in nature and the hydrophobic end attaches itself with dirt, while the ionic end is surrounded with molecules of water. This result in formation of a radial structure called micelles.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/media-mycbseguide.s3.amazonaws.com\/images\/static\/revise\/10\/science\/10_sc_ch04_24.png\" width=\"252\" height=\"176\" \/><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>An emulsion is thus formed by soap molecule. The cloth needs to be mechanically agitated to remove the dirt particles from the cloth.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Scum<\/strong> : The magnesium and calcium salts present in hard water reacts with soap molecule to form insoluble products called scum, thus obstructing the cleansing action. Use of detergents overcome this problem as the detergent molecule prevents the formation of insoluble product and thus clothes get cleaned.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Carbon_and_its_Compounds_class_10_Notes\"><\/span>Carbon and its Compounds class 10 Notes<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>CBSE Revision notes (PDF Download) Free<\/li>\n<li>CBSE Revision notes for Class 10 Science PDF<\/li>\n<li>Revision notes Class 10 Science \u2013 CBSE<\/li>\n<li>CBSE Revisions notes and Key Points Class 10 Science<\/li>\n<li>Summary of the NCERT books all chapters in Science class 10<\/li>\n<li>Short notes for CBSE class 10th Science<\/li>\n<li>Key notes and chapter summary of Science class 10<\/li>\n<li>Quick revision notes for CBSE board exams<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"_CBSE_Class_10_Revision_Notes\"><\/span><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><strong>CBSE Class 10 Revision Notes<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/downloads\/cbse-class-10-mathematics\/1202\/cbse-revision-notes\/7\/\">Mathematics<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/downloads\/cbse-class-10-science\/1176\/cbse-revision-notes\/7\/\">Science<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/downloads\/cbse-class-10-social-science\/1896\/cbse-revision-notes\/7\/\">Social Science<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/downloads\/cbse-class-10-english-communicative\/1901\/cbse-revision-notes\/7\/\">English Communicative<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>To download Carbon and its Compounds class 10 Notes, sample paper for class 10 Mathematics, Social Science, Science, English Communicative; do check myCBSEguide app or website. myCBSEguide provides sample papers with solution, test papers for chapter-wise practice, NCERT solutions, NCERT Exemplar solutions, quick revision notes for ready reference, CBSE guess papers and CBSE important question papers. Sample Paper all are made available through\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/play.google.com\/store\/apps\/details?id=in.techchefs.MyCBSEGuide&amp;referrer=utm_source%3Dmycbse_bottom%26utm_medium%3Dtext%26utm_campaign%3Dmycbseads\"><strong>the best app for CBSE students<\/strong><\/a>\u00a0and myCBSEguide website.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"entry-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/blog\/chemical-reactions-equations-class-10-notes-science\/\">Chemical Reactions and Equations class 10 Notes Science<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"entry-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/blog\/acids-bases-salts-class-10-notes-science\/\">Acids Bases and Salts class 10 Notes Science<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"entry-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/blog\/metals-non-metals-class-10-notes-science\/\">Metals and Non-metals class 10 Notes Science<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"entry-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/blog\/periodic-classification-elements-class-10-notes-science\/\">Periodic Classification of Elements class 10 Notes Science<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"entry-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/blog\/life-processes-class-10-notes-science\/\">Life Processes class 10 Notes Science<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"entry-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/blog\/control-coordination-class-10-notes-science\/\">Control and Coordination class 10 Notes Science<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"entry-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/blog\/organisms-reproduce-class-10-notes-science\/\">How do Organisms Reproduce class 10 Notes Science<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"entry-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/blog\/heredity-evolution-class-10-notes-science\/\">Heredity and Evolution class 10 Notes Science<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"entry-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/blog\/light-reflection-refraction-class-10-notes-science\/\">Light Reflection and Refraction class 10 Notes Science<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"entry-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/blog\/human-eye-colourful-world-class-10-notes-science\/\">Human Eye and Colourful World class 10 Notes Science<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"entry-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/blog\/electricity-class-10-notes-science\/\">Electricity class 10 Notes Science<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"entry-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/blog\/magnetic-effects-electric-current-class-10-notes-science\/\">Magnetic Effects of Electric Current class 10 Notes Science<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"entry-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/blog\/sources-energy-current-class-10-notes-science\/\">Sources of Energy Current class 10 Notes Science<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"entry-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/blog\/environment-class-10-notes-science\/\">Our Environment class 10 Notes Science<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"entry-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/blog\/management-natural-resources-class-10-notes-science\/\">Management of Natural Resources class 10 Notes Science<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>CBSE class 10 Science Chapter 4 Carbon and its Compounds notes in PDF are available for free download in myCBSEguide mobile app. The best app for CBSE students now provides Carbon and its Compounds class 10 Notes latest chapter wise notes for quick preparation of CBSE board exams and school based annual examinations. Class 10 &#8230; <a title=\"Carbon and its Compounds class 10 Notes Science\" class=\"read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/blog\/carbon-and-its-compounds-class-10-notes\/\" aria-label=\"More on Carbon and its Compounds class 10 Notes Science\">Read more<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":9081,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[46,456],"tags":[511,457,150,426,240],"class_list":["post-9121","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-cbse-class-10","category-revision-notes","tag-carbon-and-its-compounds","tag-cbse-notes","tag-cbse-notes-and-key-points","tag-quick-revision","tag-quick-revision-notes"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.0 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Carbon and its Compounds class 10 Notes Science |<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Carbon and its Compounds class 10 Notes Science chapter 4 in PDF format for free download. 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