{"id":9069,"date":"2018-02-08T16:56:57","date_gmt":"2018-02-08T11:26:57","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/blog\/?p=9069"},"modified":"2018-03-16T16:51:09","modified_gmt":"2018-03-16T11:21:09","slug":"thermal-properties-matter-class-11-notes-physics","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/blog\/thermal-properties-matter-class-11-notes-physics\/","title":{"rendered":"Thermal Properties of Matter class 11 Notes Physics"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_76 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 eztoc-toggle-hide-by-default' ><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-2' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/blog\/thermal-properties-matter-class-11-notes-physics\/#CBSE_Guide_Thermal_Properties_of_Matter_class_11_Notes\" >CBSE Guide Thermal Properties of Matter class 11 Notes<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/blog\/thermal-properties-matter-class-11-notes-physics\/#Thermal_Properties_of_Matter_class_11_Notes_Physics\" >Thermal Properties of Matter class 11 Notes Physics<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/blog\/thermal-properties-matter-class-11-notes-physics\/#Download_Revision_Notes_as_PDF\" >Download Revision Notes as PDF<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-2' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/blog\/thermal-properties-matter-class-11-notes-physics\/#Thermal_Properties_of_Matter_class_11_Notes\" >Thermal Properties of Matter class 11 Notes<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/blog\/thermal-properties-matter-class-11-notes-physics\/#CBSE_Class-11_Revision_Notes_and_Key_Points\" >CBSE Class-11 Revision Notes and Key Points<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<p>CBSE Physics Chapter 11 Thermal Properties of Matter class 11 \u00a0Notes Physics in PDF are available for free download in myCBSEguide mobile app. The best app for CBSE students now provides Thermal Properties of Matter class 11 Notes Physics latest chapter wise notes for quick preparation of CBSE exams and school based annual examinations. Class 11 Physics notes on Chapter 11 Thermal Properties of Matter class 11 Notes Physics are also available for download in CBSE Guide website.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"CBSE_Guide_Thermal_Properties_of_Matter_class_11_Notes\"><\/span>CBSE Guide Thermal Properties of Matter class 11 Notes<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>CBSE guide notes are the comprehensive notes which covers the latest syllabus of CBSE and NCERT. It includes all the topics given in NCERT class 11 Physics text book. Users can download CBSE guide quick revision notes from myCBSEguide mobile app and my CBSE guide website.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Thermal_Properties_of_Matter_class_11_Notes_Physics\"><\/span>Thermal Properties of Matter class 11 Notes Physics<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Download CBSE class 11th revision notes for Chapter 11 Thermal Properties of Matter class 11 Notes Physics in PDF format for free. Download revision notes for Thermal Properties of Matter class 11 Notes Physics and score high in exams. These are the Thermal Properties of Matter class 11 Notes Physics prepared by team of expert teachers. The revision notes help you revise the whole chapter in minutes. Revising notes in exam days is on of the best tips recommended by teachers during exam days.<\/p>\n<h1 style=\"text-align: center\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Download_Revision_Notes_as_PDF\"><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/downloads\/cbse-class-11-physics\/1340\/cbse-revision-notes\/7\/\">Download Revision Notes as PDF<\/a><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h1>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><strong>CBSE Class 11\u00a0PHYSICS<br \/>\nRevision Notes<br \/>\nCHAPTER 11<br \/>\nTHERMAL PROPERTIES OF MATTER\u00a0\u00a0class 11 Notes Physics<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>Temperature, heat and its measurement<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>Thermal Expansion<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>Heat capacity and Calorimetry, Change of state<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>Heat transfer<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>The branch dealing with measurement of temperature is called thremometry and the devices used to measure temperature are called <strong>thermometers<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Heat <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Heat is a form of energy called thermal energy which flows from a higher temperature body to a lower temperature body when they are placed in contact.<\/p>\n<p>Heat or thermal energy of a body is the sum of kinetic energies of all its constituent particles, on account of translational, vibrational and rotational motion.<\/p>\n<p>The SI unit of heat energy is joule (J).<br \/>\nThe practical unit of heat energy is calorie. 1 cal = 4.18 J<br \/>\n1 calorie is the quantity of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 g of water by 1\u00b0C.<br \/>\nMechanical energy or work (W) can be converted into heat (Q) by 1 W = JQ<br \/>\nwhere J = Joule\u2019s mechanical equivalent of heat.<br \/>\nJ is a conversion factor (not a physical quantity) and its value is 4.186 J\/cal.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Temperature <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Temperature of a body is the degree of hotness or coldness of the body. A device which is used to measure the temperature, is called a thermometer.<\/p>\n<p>Highest possible temperature achieved in laboratory is about 108 while lowest possible temperature attained is 10-8 K.<\/p>\n<p>Branch of Physics dealing with production and measurement temperature close to 0 K is known as cryagenics, while that deaf with the measurement of very high temperature is called pyromettemperature of the core of the sun is 107 K while that of its surface 6000 K.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Different Scale of Temperature <\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>1. <\/strong>Celsius Scale In this scale of temperature, the melting point ice is taken as 0\u00b0C and the boiling point of water as <span class=\"cke_widget_wrapper cke_widget_inline cke_widget_selected\"><span class=\"math-tex cke_widget_element\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/elpiscart.com\/cgi-bin\/mathtex.cgi?100^\\circ C\" \/><\/span><\/span>\u00a0and space between these two points is divided into 100 equal parts<\/p>\n<p><strong>2. <\/strong>Fahrenheit Scale In this scale of temperature, the melt point of ice is taken as 32\u00b0F and the boiling point of water as 211 and the space between these two points is divided into 180 equal parts.<\/p>\n<p><strong>3. <\/strong>Kelvin Scale In this scale of temperature, the melting pouxl ice is taken as 273 K and the boiling point of water as 373 K the space between these two points is divided into 100 equal pss<\/p>\n<p><strong>Relation between Different Scales of Temperatures <\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong><span class=\"cke_widget_wrapper cke_widget_inline cke_widget_selected\"><span class=\"math-tex cke_widget_element\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/elpiscart.com\/cgi-bin\/mathtex.cgi?\\frac{C}{{100}} = \\frac{{F - 32}}{{180}} = \\frac{{K - 273}}{{100}} = \\frac{R}{{80}}\" \/><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Thermometric Property<\/strong><br \/>\nThe property of an object which changes with temperature, is call thermometric property. Different thermometric properties thermometers have been given below<\/p>\n<p><strong>(i) Pressure of a Gas at Constant Volume <\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong><span class=\"cke_widget_wrapper cke_widget_inline cke_widget_selected\"><span class=\"math-tex cke_widget_element\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/elpiscart.com\/cgi-bin\/mathtex.cgi?\\frac{P}{{{T_1}}} = \\frac{{{P_2}}}{{{T_2}}}\" \/><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong><span class=\"cke_widget_wrapper cke_widget_inline cke_widget_selected\"><span class=\"math-tex cke_widget_element\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/elpiscart.com\/cgi-bin\/mathtex.cgi?{P_t} = {P_0}(1 + \\frac{t}{{273}})\" \/><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong><span class=\"cke_widget_wrapper cke_widget_inline cke_widget_selected\"><span class=\"math-tex cke_widget_element\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/elpiscart.com\/cgi-bin\/mathtex.cgi?t = \\left( {\\frac{{{P_1} - {P_0}}}{{{P_{100}} - {P_0}}} \\times 100} \\right){\\,^o}C\" \/><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>whereand pt, are pressure of a gas at constant volume.A constant volume gas thermometer can measure tempera from<\/p>\n<p><strong>(ii) Electrical Resistance of Metals <\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong><span class=\"cke_widget_wrapper cke_widget_inline cke_widget_selected\"><span class=\"math-tex cke_widget_element\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/elpiscart.com\/cgi-bin\/mathtex.cgi?{{\\text{R}}_t}{\\text{ }} = {\\text{ }}{{\\text{R}}_0}\\left( {{\\text{1 }} + {\\text{ }}\\alpha {\\text{t }} + {\\text{ }}\\beta {{\\text{t}}^2}} \\right)\" \/><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>where \u03b1 and \u03b2 are constants for a metal.<br \/>\nAs \u03b2 is too small therefore we can take<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"cke_widget_wrapper cke_widget_inline cke_widget_selected\"><span class=\"math-tex cke_widget_element\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/elpiscart.com\/cgi-bin\/mathtex.cgi?{{\\text{R}}_t} = {\\text{ }}{{\\text{R}}_0}\\left( {{\\text{1 }} + {\\text{ }}\\alpha {\\text{t}}} \\right)\" \/><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p>where, \u03b1 = temperature coefficient of resistance and\u00a0R0 and Rt, are electrical resistances at 0\u00b0C and t\u00b0C.<br \/>\n<span class=\"cke_widget_wrapper cke_widget_inline cke_widget_selected\"><span class=\"math-tex cke_widget_element\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/elpiscart.com\/cgi-bin\/mathtex.cgi?\\alpha = \\frac{{{R_2} - {R_1}}}{{{R_1}{t_2} - {R_2}{t_1}}}\" \/><\/span><\/span><br \/>\nPlatinum resistance thermometer can measure temperature from<\/p>\n<p><strong>(iii) Length of Mercury Column in a Capillary Tube<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong><span class=\"cke_widget_wrapper cke_widget_inline cke_widget_selected\"><span class=\"math-tex cke_widget_element\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/elpiscart.com\/cgi-bin\/mathtex.cgi?{{\\text{l}}_t}{\\text{ }} = {\\text{ }}{{\\text{l}}_o}\\left( {{\\text{1 }} + {\\text{ }}\\alpha {\\text{t}}} \\right)\" \/><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>ThermoElectro Motive Force <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>When two junctions of a thermocouple are kept at different temperatures, then a thermo-emf is produced between the junctions, which changes with temperature difference between the junctions. Thermo-emf<br \/>\n<span class=\"cke_widget_wrapper cke_widget_inline cke_widget_selected\"><span class=\"math-tex cke_widget_element\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/elpiscart.com\/cgi-bin\/mathtex.cgi?{\\text{E }} = {\\text{ at }} + {\\text{ b}}{{\\text{t}}^2}\" \/><\/span><\/span><br \/>\nwhere a and b are constants for the pair of metals.<br \/>\nUnknown temperature of hot junction when cold junction is at <span class=\"cke_widget_wrapper cke_widget_inline cke_widget_selected\"><span class=\"math-tex cke_widget_element\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/elpiscart.com\/cgi-bin\/mathtex.cgi?0^\\circ {\\text{C}}\" \/><\/span><\/span>.<br \/>\nWhere <span class=\"cke_widget_wrapper cke_widget_inline cke_widget_selected\"><span class=\"math-tex cke_widget_element\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/elpiscart.com\/cgi-bin\/mathtex.cgi?{{\\text{E}}_{100}}\" \/><\/span><\/span>\u00a0is the thermo-emf when hot junction is at <span class=\"cke_widget_wrapper cke_widget_inline cke_widget_selected\"><span class=\"math-tex cke_widget_element\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/elpiscart.com\/cgi-bin\/mathtex.cgi?{\\text{1}}00^\\circ {\\text{C}}\" \/><\/span><\/span>.<br \/>\nA thermo-couple thermometer can measure temperature from<\/p>\n<p><strong>Thermal Equilibrium <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>When there is no transfer of heat between two bodies in contact, the the bodies are called in thermal equilibrium.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>If two bodies A and B are separately in thermal equilibrium with thirtli body C, then bodies A and B will be in thermal equilibrium with each other.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Triple Point of Water <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The values of pressure and temperature at which water coexists in equilibrium in all three states of matter, i.e., ice, water and vapour called triple point of water.<br \/>\nTriple point of water is 273 K temperature and 0.46 cm of mere pressure.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Specific Heat <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The amount of heat required to raise the temperature of unit mass the substance through 1\u00b0C is called its specific heat.<br \/>\nIt is denoted by c or s.<br \/>\nIts SI unit is joule\/kilogram <span class=\"cke_widget_wrapper cke_widget_inline cke_widget_selected\"><span class=\"math-tex cke_widget_element\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/elpiscart.com\/cgi-bin\/mathtex.cgi?^\\circ C'\\left( {J\/Kg - ^\\circ C} \\right)\" \/><\/span><\/span>. Its dimensions is <span class=\"cke_widget_wrapper cke_widget_inline cke_widget_selected\"><span class=\"math-tex cke_widget_element\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/elpiscart.com\/cgi-bin\/mathtex.cgi?\\left[ {{L^2}{T^{ - 2}}{\\theta ^{ - 1}}} \\right]\" \/><\/span><\/span><br \/>\nThe specific heat of water is <span class=\"cke_widget_wrapper cke_widget_inline cke_widget_selected\"><span class=\"math-tex cke_widget_element\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/elpiscart.com\/cgi-bin\/mathtex.cgi?{\\text{42}}00{\\text{ J k}}{{\\text{g}}^{ - 1}}^\\circ {{\\text{C}}^{ - 1}}\\;{\\text{or 1 cal }}{{\\text{g}}^{ - 1}}\\;{{\\text{C}}^{ - 1}}\" \/><\/span><\/span>, which high compared with most other substances.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Gases have two types of specific heat <\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>1. <\/strong>The specific heat capacity at constant volume (Cv).<br \/>\n<strong>2. <\/strong>The specific heat capacity at constant pressure (Cr).<\/p>\n<p>Specific heat at constant pressure (Cp) is greater than specific heat constant volume<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"cke_widget_wrapper cke_widget_inline cke_widget_selected\"><span class=\"math-tex cke_widget_element\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/elpiscart.com\/cgi-bin\/mathtex.cgi?\\left( {{{\\text{C}}_v}} \\right),{\\text{ i}}.{\\text{e}}.,{\\text{ }}{{\\text{C}}_p}{\\text{ }} &amp;gt; {\\text{ }}{{\\text{C}}_v}\" \/><\/span><\/span>.<\/p>\n<p>For molar specific heats <span class=\"cke_widget_wrapper cke_widget_inline cke_widget_selected\"><span class=\"math-tex cke_widget_element\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/elpiscart.com\/cgi-bin\/mathtex.cgi?{{\\text{C}}_p}--{\\text{ }}{{\\text{C}}_v}{\\text{ }} = {\\text{ R}}\" \/><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p>where R = gas constant and this relation is called Mayer\u2019s formula.<\/p>\n<p>The ratio of two principal sepecific heats of a gas is represented by \u03b3.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"cke_widget_wrapper cke_widget_inline cke_widget_selected\"><span class=\"math-tex cke_widget_element\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/elpiscart.com\/cgi-bin\/mathtex.cgi?\\gamma = \\frac{{{C_p}}}{{{C_v}}}\" \/><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p>The value of y depends on atomicity of the gas.<br \/>\nAmount of heat energy required to change the temperature of any substance is given by Q = mc\u0394t<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>where, m = mass of the substance,<\/li>\n<li>c = specific heat of the substance and<\/li>\n<li>\u0394t = change in temperature.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Thermal (Heat) Capacity<br \/>\nHeat capacity of any body is equal to the amount of heat energy required to increase its temperature through 1\u00b0C.<br \/>\nHeat capacity = me<br \/>\nwhere c = specific heat of the substance of the body and m = mass of the body.<br \/>\nIts SI unit is joule\/kelvin (J\/K).<\/p>\n<p><strong>Water Equivalent <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>It is the quantity of water whose thermal capacity is same as the heat capacity of the body. It is denoted by W.<br \/>\nW = ms = heat capacity of the body.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Latent Heat <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The heat energy absorbed or released at constant temperature per unit mass for change of state is called latent heat.<br \/>\nHeat energy absorbed or released during change of state is given by Q = mL<br \/>\nwhere m = mass of the substance and L = latent heat.<br \/>\nIts unit is cal\/g or J\/kg and its dimension is <span class=\"cke_widget_wrapper cke_widget_inline cke_widget_selected\"><span class=\"math-tex cke_widget_element\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/elpiscart.com\/cgi-bin\/mathtex.cgi?{L^2}{T^{ - 2}}\" \/><\/span><\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"cke_widget_wrapper cke_widget_inline cke_widget_selected\"><span class=\"math-tex cke_widget_element\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/elpiscart.com\/cgi-bin\/mathtex.cgi?{{\\text{y}}_r}{\\text{ and }}{{\\text{y}}_a}\" \/><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p>For water at its normal boiling point or condensation temperature (100\u00b0C), the latent heat of vaporisation is<br \/>\nL = 540 cal\/g<br \/>\n= 40.8 kJ\/ mol<br \/>\n= 2260 kJ\/kg<\/p>\n<p>For water at its normal freezing temperature or melting point (0\u00b0C), the latent heat of fusion is<br \/>\nL = 80 cal\/ g = 60 kJ\/mol<br \/>\n= 336 kJ\/kg<\/p>\n<p>It is more painful to get burnt by steam rather than by boiling was 100\u00b0C gets converted to water at 100\u00b0C, then it gives out 536 heat. So, it is clear that steam at 100\u00b0C has more heat than wat 100\u00b0C (i.e., boiling of water).<\/p>\n<p>After snow falls, the temperature of the atmosphere becomes very This is because the snow absorbs the heat from the atmosphere to down. So, in the mountains, when snow falls, one does not feel too but when ice melts, he feels too cold.<\/p>\n<p>There is more shivering effect of ice cream on teeth as compare that of water (obtained from ice). This is because when ice cream down, it absorbs large amount of heat from teeth.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Melting <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Conversion of solid into liquid state at constant temperature is melting.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Evaporation <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Conversion of liquid into vapour at all temperatures (even below boiling point) is called evaporation.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Boilding<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>When a liquid is heated gradually, at a particular temperature saturated vapour pressure of the liquid becomes equal to atmospheric pressure, now bubbles of vapour rise to the surface d liquid. This process is called boiling of the liquid.<\/p>\n<p>The temperature at which a liquid boils, is called boiling point The boiling point of water increases with increase in pre sure decreases with decrease in pressure.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Sublimation <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The conversion of a solid into vapour state is called sublimation.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Hoar Frost <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The conversion of vapours into solid state is called hoar fr.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Calorimetry <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>This is the branch of heat transfer that deals with the measorette heat. The heat is usually measured in calories or kilo calories.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Principle of Calorimetry <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>When a hot body is mixed with a cold body, then heat lost by ha is equal to the heat gained by cold body.<br \/>\nHeat lost = Heat gain<\/p>\n<p><strong>Thermal Expansion <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Increase in size on heating is called thermal expansion. There are three types of thermal expansion.<br \/>\n1. Expansion of solids<br \/>\n2. Expansion of liquids<br \/>\n3. Expansion of gases<\/p>\n<p><strong>Expansion of Solids <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Three types of expansion -takes place in solid.<br \/>\nLinear Expansion Expansion in length on heating is called linear expansion.<br \/>\nIncrease in length<br \/>\n<span class=\"cke_widget_wrapper cke_widget_inline cke_widget_selected\"><span class=\"math-tex cke_widget_element\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/elpiscart.com\/cgi-bin\/mathtex.cgi?{{\\text{l}}_2} = {\\text{ }}{{\\text{l}}_1}\\left( {{\\text{1 }} + {\\text{ }}\\alpha {\\text{ }}\\Delta {\\text{t}}} \\right)\" \/><\/span><\/span><br \/>\nwhere, ll and l2 are initial and final lengths, \u0394t = change in temperature and \u03b1 = coefficient of linear expansion.<br \/>\nCoefficient of linear expansion<br \/>\n<span class=\"cke_widget_wrapper cke_widget_inline cke_widget_selected\"><span class=\"math-tex cke_widget_element\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/elpiscart.com\/cgi-bin\/mathtex.cgi?\\alpha {\\text{ }} = {\\text{ }}\\left( {\\Delta {\\text{l}}\/{\\text{l }}*{\\text{ }}\\Delta {\\text{t}}} \\right)\" \/><\/span><\/span><br \/>\nwhere 1= real length and \u0394l = change in length and<br \/>\n\u0394t= change in temperature.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Superficial Expansion <\/strong>Expansion in area on heating is called superficial expansion. Increase in area A2 = A1(1 + \u03b2 \u0394t)<br \/>\nwhere, A1 and A2 are initial and final areas and \u03b2 is a coefficient of superficial expansion.<br \/>\nCoefficient of superficial expansion<br \/>\n<span class=\"cke_widget_wrapper cke_widget_inline cke_widget_selected\"><span class=\"math-tex cke_widget_element\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/elpiscart.com\/cgi-bin\/mathtex.cgi?\\beta {\\text{ }} = {\\text{ }}\\left( {\\Delta {\\text{A}}\/{\\text{A }}*{\\text{ }}\\Delta {\\text{t}}} \\right)\" \/><\/span><\/span><br \/>\nwhere. A = area, AA = change in area and At = change in temperature.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Cubical Expansion<\/strong>Expansion in volume on heating is called cubical expansion. Increase in volume<br \/>\n<span class=\"cke_widget_wrapper cke_widget_inline cke_widget_selected\"><span class=\"math-tex cke_widget_element\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/elpiscart.com\/cgi-bin\/mathtex.cgi?{\\text{V2 }} = {\\text{ V1}}\\left( {{\\text{1 }} + {\\text{ }}\\gamma \\Delta {\\text{t}}} \\right)\" \/><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p>where V1 and V2 are initial and final volumes and \u03b3 is a coefficient of cubical expansion.<\/p>\n<p>Coefficient of cubical expansion<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"cke_widget_wrapper cke_widget_inline cke_widget_selected\"><span class=\"math-tex cke_widget_element\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/elpiscart.com\/cgi-bin\/mathtex.cgi?\\gamma = \\frac{{\\Delta V}}{{V \\times \\Delta t}}\" \/><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p>where V = real volume, AV =change in volume and \u0394t = change in temperature.<\/p>\n<p>Relation between coefficients of linear, superficial and cubical expansions<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"cke_widget_wrapper cke_widget_inline cke_widget_selected\"><span class=\"math-tex cke_widget_element\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/elpiscart.com\/cgi-bin\/mathtex.cgi?\\beta {\\text{ }} = {\\text{ 2}}\\alpha {\\text{ and }}\\gamma {\\text{ }} = {\\text{ 3}}\\alpha\" \/><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"cke_widget_wrapper cke_widget_inline cke_widget_selected\"><span class=\"math-tex cke_widget_element\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/elpiscart.com\/cgi-bin\/mathtex.cgi?{\\text{Or }}\\alpha :\\beta :\\gamma {\\text{ }} = {\\text{ 1}}:{\\text{2}}:{\\text{3}}\" \/><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong>2. Expansion of Liquids <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>In liquids only expansion in volume takes place on heating.<\/p>\n<p>(i) Apparent Expansion of Liquids When expansion of th container containing liquid, on heating is not taken into accoun then observed expansion is called apparent expansion of liquids.<\/p>\n<p>Coefficient of apparent expansion of a liquid<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"cke_widget_wrapper cke_widget_inline cke_widget_selected\"><span class=\"math-tex cke_widget_element\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/elpiscart.com\/cgi-bin\/mathtex.cgi?({\\gamma _r}) = \\frac{{real\\,increase\\;in\\;volume}}{{original\\,volume\\; \\times \\;rise\\;in\\;temperture}}\" \/><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p>(ii) Real Expansion of Liquids When expansion of the container, containing liquid, on heating<\/p>\n<p>is also taken into account, then observed expansion is called real expansion of liquids.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Coefficient of real expansion of a liquid <\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong><span class=\"cke_widget_wrapper cke_widget_inline cke_widget_selected\"><span class=\"math-tex cke_widget_element\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/elpiscart.com\/cgi-bin\/mathtex.cgi?({\\gamma _r}) = \\frac{{real\\,increase\\;in\\;volume}}{{original\\,volume\\; \\times \\;rise\\;in\\;temperture}}\" \/><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Both, yr, and ya are measured in \u00b0C-1<\/p>\n<p>We can show that <span class=\"cke_widget_wrapper cke_widget_inline cke_widget_selected\"><span class=\"math-tex cke_widget_element\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/elpiscart.com\/cgi-bin\/mathtex.cgi?{{\\text{y}}_r}{\\text{ }} = {\\text{ }}{{\\text{y}}_a}{\\text{ }} + {\\text{ }}{{\\text{y}}_g}\" \/><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p>where, <span class=\"cke_widget_wrapper cke_widget_inline cke_widget_selected\"><span class=\"math-tex cke_widget_element\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/elpiscart.com\/cgi-bin\/mathtex.cgi?{{\\text{y}}_r},{\\text{ and}}\\;{{\\text{y}}_a}\" \/><\/span><\/span>\u00a0are coefficient of real and apparent expansion of liquids and yg is coefficient of cubical expansion of the container.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Anamalous Expansion of Water <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>When temperature of water is increased from 0\u00b0C, then its vol decreases upto 4\u00b0C, becomes minimumat 4\u00b0C and then increases. behaviour of water around 4\u00b0C is called, anamalous expansion water.<\/p>\n<p><strong>3. Expansion of Gases<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>There are two types of coefficient of expansion in gases<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Volume Coefficient (&amp;gamma;v) At constant pressure, the change in volume per unit volume per degree celsius is called volume coefficient. <span class=\"cke_widget_wrapper cke_widget_inline cke_widget_selected\"><span class=\"math-tex cke_widget_element\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/elpiscart.com\/cgi-bin\/mathtex.cgi?\\gamma v = \\frac{{{V_2} - {V_1}}}{{{V_o}({t_2} - {t_1})}}\" \/><\/span><\/span>\u00a0where V0, V1, and V2 are volumes of the gas <span class=\"cke_widget_wrapper cke_widget_inline cke_widget_selected\"><span class=\"math-tex cke_widget_element\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/elpiscart.com\/cgi-bin\/mathtex.cgi?{\\text{at }}0^\\circ {\\text{C}},\\;{{\\text{t}}_1}^\\circ {\\text{C}}\\;{\\text{and}}\\;{{\\text{t}}_2}^\\circ {\\text{C}}.\" \/><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li>Pressure Coefficient (\u03b3p) At constant volume, the change in pressure per unit pressure per degree celsius is called pressure coefficient. <span class=\"cke_widget_wrapper cke_widget_inline cke_widget_selected\"><span class=\"math-tex cke_widget_element\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/elpiscart.com\/cgi-bin\/mathtex.cgi?{\\gamma _p} = \\frac{{{p_2} - {P_1}}}{{{P_o}({t_2} - {t_1})}}\" \/><\/span><\/span>\u00a0Where <span class=\"cke_widget_wrapper cke_widget_inline cke_widget_selected\"><span class=\"math-tex cke_widget_element\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/elpiscart.com\/cgi-bin\/mathtex.cgi?{{\\text{p}}_o},{\\text{ }}{{\\text{p}}_1}{\\text{ and }}{{\\text{p}}_2}\" \/><\/span><\/span>\u00a0are pressure of the gas at <span class=\"cke_widget_wrapper cke_widget_inline cke_widget_selected\"><span class=\"math-tex cke_widget_element\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/elpiscart.com\/cgi-bin\/mathtex.cgi?0^\\circ {\\text{C}},{\\text{ }}{{\\text{t}}_1}^\\circ {\\text{ C and }}{{\\text{t}}_2}^\\circ {\\text{ C}}.\" \/><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><strong>Practical Applications of Expansion <\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>1. <\/strong>When rails are laid down on the ground, space is left between the end of two rails.<br \/>\n<strong>2. <\/strong>The transmission cables are not tightly fixed to the poles.<br \/>\n<strong>3. <\/strong>The iron rim to be put on a cart wheel is always of slightly smaller diameter than that of wheel.<br \/>\n<strong>4. <\/strong>A glass stopper jammed in the neck of a glass bottle can be taken out by warming the neck of the bottles.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Important Points <\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Due to increment in its time period a pendulum clock becomes slow in summer and will lose time. Loss of time in a time period <span class=\"cke_widget_wrapper cke_widget_inline cke_widget_selected\"><span class=\"math-tex cke_widget_element\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/elpiscart.com\/cgi-bin\/mathtex.cgi?\\Delta {\\text{T }} = \\left( {{\\text{1}}\/{\\text{2}}} \\right)\\alpha {\\text{ }}\\Delta \\theta {\\text{T}}\" \/><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li>Loss of time in any given time interval t can be given by \u0394T =(1\/2)\u03b1 \u0394\u03b8t<\/li>\n<li>At some higher temperature a scale will expand and scale reading will be lesser than true values, so that <span class=\"cke_widget_wrapper cke_widget_inline cke_widget_selected\"><span class=\"math-tex cke_widget_element\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/elpiscart.com\/cgi-bin\/mathtex.cgi?{\\text{true value }} = {\\text{ scale reading }}\\left( {{\\text{1 }} + {\\text{ }}\\alpha {\\text{ }}\\Delta {\\text{t}}} \\right)\" \/><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Here, \u0394t is the temperature difference.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>However, at lower temperature scale reading will be more or true value will be less.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Newton&#8217;s Law of Cooling states that the rate of change of the temperature of an object is proportional to the difference between its own temperature and the ambient temperature (i.e. the temperature of its surroundings).<\/p>\n<p>Newton&#8217;s Law makes a statement about an\u00a0<strong>instantaneous<\/strong>\u00a0rate of change of the temperature. We will see that when we translate this verbal statement into a differential equation, we arrive at a differential equation. The\u00a0<strong>solution<\/strong>\u00a0to this equation will then be a function that tracks the complete record of the temperature over time. Newton&#8217;s Law would enable us to solve the following problem.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Example 1: The Big Pot of Soup\u00a0<\/strong>As part of his summer job at a resturant, Jim learned to cook up a big pot of soup late at night, just before closing time, so that there would be plenty of soup to feed customers the next day. He also found out that, while refrigeration was essential to preserve the soup overnight, the soup was too hot to be put directly into the fridge when it was ready. (The soup had just boiled at 100 degrees C, and the fridge was not powerful enough to accomodate a big pot of soup if it was any warmer than 20 degrees C). Jim discovered that by cooling the pot in a sink full of cold water, (kept running, so that its temperature was roughly constant at 5 degrees C) and stirring occasionally, he could bring tht temperature of the soup to 60 degrees C in ten minutes. How long before closing time should the soup be ready so that Jim could put it in the fridge and leave on time ?<\/p>\n<p><strong>Solution:<\/strong>\u00a0Let us summarize the information briefly and define notation for this problem.<br \/>\nLet <strong>T(t)<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0= Temperature of the soup at time t (in min).<br \/>\n<strong>T(0) = T<sub>0<\/sub>\u00a0<\/strong>= Initial Temperature of the soup =100 deg.<br \/>\n<strong>T<sub>a<\/sub><\/strong>\u00a0= Ambient temperature (temp of water in sink) = 5 deg .<\/p>\n<p><strong>Given:<\/strong> The rate of change of the temperature <strong>dT\/dt<\/strong>, is (by Newton&#8217;s Law of Cooling) proportional to the difference between the temperature of the soup <strong>T(t)<\/strong>\u00a0and the ambient temperature <strong>T<sub>a<\/sub><\/strong>\u00a0This means that:<br \/>\n<span class=\"cke_widget_wrapper cke_widget_inline cke_widget_selected\"><span class=\"math-tex cke_widget_element\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/elpiscart.com\/cgi-bin\/mathtex.cgi?\\frac{dT}{dt}\" \/><\/span><\/span>\u00a0is\u00a0proportional\u00a0to\u00a0(T-T<sub>a<\/sub>).<\/p>\n<p>Here a bit of care is needed: Clearly if the soup is hotter than the water in the sink <strong>T(t) &#8211; T<sub>a<\/sub> &gt; 0<\/strong>, then the soup is\u00a0<strong>cooling down<\/strong>\u00a0which means that the derivative <strong>dT\/dt<\/strong>\u00a0should be\u00a0<strong>negative<\/strong>. (Remember the connection between a decreasing function and the sign of the derivative ?). This means that the equation we need has to have the following sign pattern:<br \/>\n<span class=\"cke_widget_wrapper cke_widget_inline cke_widget_selected\"><span class=\"math-tex cke_widget_element\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/elpiscart.com\/cgi-bin\/mathtex.cgi?\\frac{dT}{dt}\" \/><\/span><\/span>\u00a0= -k (T &#8211; T<sub>a<\/sub>)<\/p>\n<p>where <strong>k<\/strong>\u00a0is a positive constant.<br \/>\nThis equation is another example of a\u00a0<strong>differential equation<\/strong>. The independent variable is <strong>t<\/strong>\u00a0for time, the function we want to find is <strong>T(t)<\/strong>\u00a0, and the quantities <strong>T<sub>a, <\/sub>k<\/strong>\u00a0are constants. In fact, from Jim&#8217;s measurements, we know that <strong>T<sub>a<\/sub> = 5<\/strong>, but we still don&#8217;t know what value to put in for the constant <strong>k<\/strong>. We will discuss this further below.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Thermal_Properties_of_Matter_class_11_Notes\"><\/span>Thermal Properties of Matter class 11 Notes<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>CBSE Revision notes (PDF Download) Free<\/li>\n<li>CBSE Revision notes for Class 11 Physics PDF<\/li>\n<li>CBSE Revision notes Class 11 Physics \u2013 CBSE<\/li>\n<li>CBSE Revisions notes and Key Points Class 11 Physics<\/li>\n<li>Summary of the NCERT books all chapters in Physics class 11<\/li>\n<li>Short notes for CBSE class 11th Physics<\/li>\n<li>Key notes and chapter summary of Physics class 11<\/li>\n<li>Quick revision notes for CBSE exams<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"CBSE_Class-11_Revision_Notes_and_Key_Points\"><\/span><strong>CBSE Class-11 Revision Notes and Key Points<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Thermal Properties of Matter class 11 Notes Physics. CBSE quick revision note for class-11 Physics, Chemistry, Maths, Biology and other subject are very helpful to revise the whole syllabus during exam days. The revision notes covers all important formulas and concepts given in the chapter. Even if you wish to have an overview of a chapter, quick revision notes are here to do if for you. These notes will certainly save your time during stressful exam days.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/downloads\/cbse-class-11-physics\/1340\/cbse-revision-notes\/7\/\">Revision Notes for class-11 Physics<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/downloads\/cbse-class-11-chemistry\/1356\/cbse-revision-notes\/7\/\">Revision Notes for class-11 Chemistry<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/downloads\/cbse-class-11-mathematics\/1371\/cbse-revision-notes\/7\/\">Revision Notes for class-11 Mathematics<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/downloads\/cbse-class-11-biology\/1388\/cbse-revision-notes\/7\/\">Revision Notes for class-11 Biology<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/downloads\/cbse-class-11-accountancy\/1411\/cbse-revision-notes\/7\/\">Revision Notes for class-11 Accountancy<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/downloads\/cbse-class-11-economics\/1423\/cbse-revision-notes\/7\/\">Revision Notes for class-11 Economics<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/downloads\/cbse-class-11-business-studies\/1740\/cbse-revision-notes\/7\/\">Revision Notes for class-11 Business Studies<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/downloads\/cbse-class-11-computer-science\/1852\/cbse-revision-notes\/7\/\">Revision Notes for class-11 Computer Science<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/downloads\/cbse-class-11-informatics-practices\/1874\/cbse-revision-notes\/7\/\">Revision Notes for class-11 Informatics Practices<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/downloads\/cbse-class-11-geography\/1864\/cbse-revision-notes\/7\/\">Revision Notes for class-11 Geography<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>To download Thermal Properties of Matter class 11 Notes, sample paper for class 11 Physics, Chemistry, Biology, History, Political Science, Economics, Geography, Computer Science, Home Science, Accountancy, Business Studies and Home Science; do check myCBSEguide app or website. myCBSEguide provides sample papers with solution, test papers for chapter-wise practice, NCERT solutions, NCERT Exemplar solutions, quick revision notes for ready reference, CBSE guess papers and CBSE important question papers. Sample Paper all are made available through\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/play.google.com\/store\/apps\/details?id=in.techchefs.MyCBSEGuide&amp;referrer=utm_source%3Dmycbse_bottom%26utm_medium%3Dtext%26utm_campaign%3Dmycbseads\"><strong>the best app for CBSE students<\/strong><\/a>\u00a0and myCBSEguide website.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"entry-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/blog\/physical-world-class-11-notes-physics\/\">Physical World class 11 Notes Physics<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"entry-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/blog\/units-measurement-class-11-notes-physic\/\">Units and Measurement class 11 Notes Physics<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"entry-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/blog\/8949-2\/\">Motion in a Straight Line class 11 Notes Physics<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"entry-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/blog\/motion-in-a-plane-class-11-notes-physics\/\">Motion in a Plane class 11 Notes Physics<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"entry-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/blog\/law-motion-class-11-notes-physics\/\">Law of Motion class 11 Notes Physics<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"entry-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/blog\/work-energy-and-power-class-11-notes-physics\/\">Work, Energy and Power class 11 Notes Physics<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"entry-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/blog\/systems-particles-rotational-motion-class-11-notes-physics\/\">Systems of Particles and Rotational Motion class 11 Notes Physics<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"entry-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/blog\/gravitation-class-11-notes-physics\/\">Gravitation class 11 Notes Physics<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"entry-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/blog\/mechanical-properties-of-solids-class-11-notes-physics\/\">Mechanical Properties of Solids class 11 Notes Physics<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"entry-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/blog\/mechanical-properties-of-fluids-class-11-notes-physics\/\">Mechanical Properties of Fluids class 11 Notes Physics<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"entry-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/blog\/thermal-properties-matter-class-11-notes-physics\/\">Thermal Properties of Matter class 11 Notes Physics<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"entry-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/blog\/thermodynamics-class-11-notes-physics\/\">Thermodynamics class 11 Notes Physics<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"entry-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/blog\/kinetic-theory-class-11-notes-physics\/\">Kinetic Theory class 11 Notes Physics<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"entry-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/blog\/oscillations-class-11-notes-physics\/\">Oscillations class 11 Notes Physics<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"entry-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/blog\/waves-class-11-notes-physics\/\">Waves class 11 Notes Physics<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>CBSE Physics Chapter 11 Thermal Properties of Matter class 11 \u00a0Notes Physics in PDF are available for free download in myCBSEguide mobile app. The best app for CBSE students now provides Thermal Properties of Matter class 11 Notes Physics latest chapter wise notes for quick preparation of CBSE exams and school based annual examinations. 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