{"id":8996,"date":"2018-02-08T15:24:11","date_gmt":"2018-02-08T09:54:11","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/blog\/?p=8996"},"modified":"2019-03-05T14:14:48","modified_gmt":"2019-03-05T08:44:48","slug":"wave-optics-class-12-notes-physics","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/blog\/wave-optics-class-12-notes-physics\/","title":{"rendered":"Wave Optics Class 12 Notes Physics"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_76 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 eztoc-toggle-hide-by-default' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/blog\/wave-optics-class-12-notes-physics\/#CBSE_Guide_Wave_Optics_class_12_Notes\" >CBSE Guide Wave Optics class 12 Notes<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/blog\/wave-optics-class-12-notes-physics\/#Class_12_Physics_notes_Chapter_10_Wave_Optics\" >Class 12 Physics notes Chapter 10 Wave Optics<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/blog\/wave-optics-class-12-notes-physics\/#CBSE_Class_12_Physics_Revision_Notes_Chapter_10_Wave_Optics\" >CBSE Class 12 Physics Revision Notes Chapter 10 Wave Optics<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/blog\/wave-optics-class-12-notes-physics\/#CBSE_Class_12_Revision_Notes_and_Key_Points\" >CBSE Class 12 Revision Notes and Key Points<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<p><strong>CBSE Class 12 Physics Chapter 10 Wave Optics<\/strong> notes in PDF are available for free download in myCBSEguide mobile app. The best app for CBSE students now provides Wave Optics class 12 Notes latest chapter wise notes for quick preparation of CBSE board exams and school-based annual examinations. Class 12 Physics notes on chapter 10 Wave Optics are also available for download in CBSE Guide website.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"CBSE_Guide_Wave_Optics_class_12_Notes\"><\/span><strong>CBSE Guide Wave Optics class 12 Notes<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>CBSE guide notes are the comprehensive notes which covers the latest syllabus of CBSE and NCERT. It includes all the topics given in NCERT class 12 Physics textbook. Users can download CBSE guide quick revision notes from myCBSEguide mobile app and my CBSE guide website.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Class_12_Physics_notes_Chapter_10_Wave_Optics\"><\/span><strong>Class 12 Physics notes Chapter 10 Wave Optics<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Download CBSE class 12th revision notes for chapter 10 Wave Optics in PDF format for free. Download revision notes for Wave Optics class 12 Notes and score high in exams. These are the Wave Optics class 12 Notes prepared by team of expert teachers. The revision notes help you revise the whole chapter 10 in minutes. Revision notes in exam days is one of the best tips recommended by teachers during exam days.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a class=\"button\" href=\"https:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/downloads\/cbse-class-12-physics\/1251\/cbse-revision-notes\/7\/\">Download Revision Notes as PDF<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"CBSE_Class_12_Physics_Revision_Notes_Chapter_10_Wave_Optics\"><\/span><strong>CBSE Class 12 Physics Revision Notes Chapter 10 Wave Optics<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Wavefront: <\/strong>It is the continuous\u00a0locus of all such particles of the medium which are vibrating\u00a0in\u00a0the same phase of oscillation at any instant.<br \/>\nDepending upon the shape of the source of light, wavefront are of different shapes.<br \/>\n(i) Plane wavefront<br \/>\n(ii) Spherical wavefront<br \/>\n(iii) Cylindrical wavefront<br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone\" src=\"https:\/\/media-mycbseguide.s3.amazonaws.com\/images\/static\/review\/4677_img_03.jpg\" alt=\"Wave Optics Class 12 Notes Physics\" width=\"300\" height=\"222\" \/><\/li>\n<li><strong>Rays: <\/strong>Rays are the arrows\u00a0perpendicular to the wavefront\u00a0in the direction of propagation of a wave.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Time Taken: <\/strong>The time taken for light to travel from one wavefront to another is called time taken by a ray.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Huygens\u2019 Principle:<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol>\n<li>According to Huygens\u2019 Each point on the given wave front (called primary wave front) acts as a fresh source of new disturbance, called secondary wavelet, which travels in all directions with the velocity of light in the given medium.<\/li>\n<li>A surface touching these secondary wavelets, tangentially in the forward direction at any instant gives the new wavefront at that instant. This is called secondary wavelets.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Principle of Huygens\u2019 Construction:<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol>\n<li>It is based on the principle that every point on\u00a0a wavefront is a source of secondary wavefront.<\/li>\n<li>The envelope of these wavefronts i.e., the surface tangent to all the secondary wavefront gives the new wavefront.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Snell\u2019s law of refraction: <\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span class=\"cke_widget_wrapper cke_widget_inline cke_widget_selected\"><span class=\"math-tex cke_widget_element\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone\" src=\"https:\/\/elpiscart.com\/cgi-bin\/mathtex.cgi?{}_{1}{{\\mu }_{2}}=\\frac{{{c}_{1}}}{{{c}_{2}}}=\\frac{\\text{Speed of light in first medium}}{\\text{ Speed of light in second medium}}\" alt=\"Wave Optics Class 12 Notes Physics\" width=\"332\" height=\"38\" \/><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Reflection of Plane Waves Using Huygens\u2019 Principle: <\/strong>The law of reflection (i = r)\u00a0can be derived using the wave theory.<br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone\" src=\"https:\/\/media-mycbseguide.s3.amazonaws.com\/images\/static\/review\/4677_img_01.jpg\" alt=\"Wave Optics Class 12 Notes Physics\" width=\"300\" height=\"141\" \/><br \/>\n<strong>Refraction\u00a0of Plane Waves Using Huygens\u2019 Principle:\u00a0<\/strong>the Snell\u2019s law of refraction\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0<span class=\"cke_widget_wrapper cke_widget_inline cke_widget_selected\"><span class=\"math-tex cke_widget_element\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/elpiscart.com\/cgi-bin\/mathtex.cgi?\\frac{\\sin i}{\\sin r}=\\frac{{{v}_{1}}}{{{v}_{2}}}=\\frac{{{\\mu }_{2}}}{{{\\mu }_{1}}}={{\\mu }_{21}}\" \/><\/span><\/span>\u00a0can be derived using the wave theory. (Here v<sub>1<\/sub> and v<sub>2<\/sub> are the speed of light in media 1 and 2 with refractive index <span class=\"cke_widget_wrapper cke_widget_inline cke_widget_selected\"><span class=\"math-tex cke_widget_element\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/elpiscart.com\/cgi-bin\/mathtex.cgi?{\\mu _1}\" \/><\/span><\/span>\u00a0and\u00a0<span class=\"cke_widget_wrapper cke_widget_inline cke_widget_selected\"><span class=\"math-tex cke_widget_element\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/elpiscart.com\/cgi-bin\/mathtex.cgi?{\\mu _2}\" \/><\/span><\/span>\u00a0respectively).<br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone\" src=\"https:\/\/media-mycbseguide.s3.amazonaws.com\/images\/static\/review\/4677_img_02.jpg\" alt=\"Wave Optics Class 12 Notes Physics\" width=\"300\" height=\"210\" \/><\/li>\n<li><strong>Relation between Frequency and Speed: <\/strong>The frequency remains the same as light travels from one medium to another. The speed v of a wave is given by <span class=\"cke_widget_wrapper cke_widget_inline cke_widget_selected\"><span class=\"math-tex cke_widget_element\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/elpiscart.com\/cgi-bin\/mathtex.cgi?v=\\frac{\\lambda }{T}\" \/><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Where <span class=\"cke_widget_wrapper cke_widget_inline cke_widget_selected\"><span class=\"math-tex cke_widget_element\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/elpiscart.com\/cgi-bin\/mathtex.cgi?\\lambda\" \/><\/span><\/span>\u00a0is the wavelength of the wave and <span class=\"cke_widget_wrapper cke_widget_inline cke_widget_selected\"><span class=\"math-tex cke_widget_element\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/elpiscart.com\/cgi-bin\/mathtex.cgi?T(=1\/v)\" \/><\/span><\/span>\u00a0is the period of oscillation.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Doppler Effect: <\/strong>Whenever there is a relative motion between the source and observer then the apparent frequency of ligt received by the observer is different from the actual frequency emitted by the source of light. This effect is called Doppler&#8217;s effect in light.\u00a0The effect can be used to measure the speed of an approaching or receding object.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Change in Frequency: <\/strong>For the source moving away from the observer <span class=\"cke_widget_wrapper cke_widget_inline cke_widget_selected\"><span class=\"math-tex cke_widget_element\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/elpiscart.com\/cgi-bin\/mathtex.cgi?v&amp;lt;{{v}_{0}}\" \/><\/span><\/span>, and for the source moving towards the observer <span class=\"cke_widget_wrapper cke_widget_inline cke_widget_selected\"><span class=\"math-tex cke_widget_element\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/elpiscart.com\/cgi-bin\/mathtex.cgi?v&amp;gt;{{v}_{0}}\" \/><\/span><\/span>\u00a0, . The change in frequency is <span class=\"cke_widget_wrapper cke_widget_inline cke_widget_selected\"><span class=\"math-tex cke_widget_element\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/elpiscart.com\/cgi-bin\/mathtex.cgi?\\Delta v=v-{{v}_{0}}=-\\frac{v}{c}{{v}_{0}}\" \/><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>So, finally, <span class=\"cke_widget_wrapper cke_widget_inline cke_widget_selected\"><span class=\"math-tex cke_widget_element\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/elpiscart.com\/cgi-bin\/mathtex.cgi?\\frac{\\Delta v}{{{v}_{0}}}=-\\frac{v}{c}\" \/><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Coherent and Incoherent Addition of Waves:<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong>Coherent sources:-<\/strong>\u00a0Two sources of light which continously emit light waves of same frequency (or wavelength) with a zero or constant phase difference between them, are called coherent sources.<br \/>\n<strong>Incoherent sources:-\u00a0<\/strong>Two sources of light which do not emit light waves with a constant phase difference are called incoherent sources.<br \/>\nThe total intensity <em>I<\/em> is not just the sum of individual intensities <em>I<\/em><sub>1<\/sub> and <em>I<\/em><sub>2<\/sub> due to the two sources but includes an interference term-<br \/>\n<span class=\"cke_widget_wrapper cke_widget_inline cke_widget_selected\"><span class=\"math-tex cke_widget_element\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone\" src=\"https:\/\/elpiscart.com\/cgi-bin\/mathtex.cgi?I = {I_1} + {I_2} + 2\\sqrt {{I_1}{I_2}} \\cos \\phi\" alt=\"Wave Optics Class 12 Notes Physics\" width=\"193\" height=\"21\" \/><\/span><\/span><br \/>\nThe interference term averaged over many cycles is zero if<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol>\n<li>The sources have different frequencies or<\/li>\n<li>The sources have the same frequency but no stable phase difference.<\/li>\n<li>For such coherent sources-<span class=\"cke_widget_wrapper cke_widget_inline cke_widget_selected\"><span class=\"math-tex cke_widget_element\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/elpiscart.com\/cgi-bin\/mathtex.cgi?I={{I}_{1}}+{{I}_{2}}\" \/><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li>According to the superposition principle when two or more wave motions traveling through a medium superimpose one another, a new wave is formed in which resultant displacements due to the individual waves at that instant is given by-\u00a0<span class=\"cke_widget_wrapper cke_widget_inline cke_widget_selected\"><span class=\"math-tex cke_widget_element\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/elpiscart.com\/cgi-bin\/mathtex.cgi?\\vec y = {\\vec y_1} + {\\vec y_2} + {\\vec y_3} + .......... + {\\vec y_n}\" \/><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li>The average of the total intensity will be<span class=\"cke_widget_wrapper cke_widget_inline cke_widget_selected\"><span class=\"math-tex cke_widget_element\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone\" src=\"https:\/\/elpiscart.com\/cgi-bin\/mathtex.cgi?\\overline{I}=\\overline{{{I}_{1}}}+\\overline{{{I}_{2}}}+2\\sqrt{\\left( \\overline{{{I}_{1}}} \\right)\\left( \\overline{{{I}_{2}}} \\right)}\\cos \\phi\" alt=\"Wave Optics Class 12 Notes Physics\" width=\"226\" height=\"31\" \/><\/span><\/span>Where <span class=\"cke_widget_wrapper cke_widget_inline cke_widget_selected\"><span class=\"math-tex cke_widget_element\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/elpiscart.com\/cgi-bin\/mathtex.cgi?\\phi\" \/><\/span><\/span>\u00a0is the inherent phase difference between the two superimposing waves.<\/li>\n<li>The significance is that the intensity due to two sources of light is not equal to the sum of intensities due to each of them.<\/li>\n<li>The resultant intensity depends on the relative location of the point from the two sources, since changing it changes the path difference as we go from one point to another.<\/li>\n<li>As a result, the resulting intensity will vary between maximum and minimum values, determined by the maximum and minimum values of the cosine function. These will be<span class=\"cke_widget_wrapper cke_widget_inline cke_widget_selected\"><span class=\"math-tex cke_widget_element\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/elpiscart.com\/cgi-bin\/mathtex.cgi?{\\overline I _{MAX}} = \\overline {{I_1}} + \\overline {{I_2}} + 2\\sqrt {\\left( {\\overline {{I_1}} } \\right)\\left( {\\overline {{I_2}} } \\right)}\" \/><\/span><\/span>\u00a0= <span class=\"cke_widget_wrapper cke_widget_inline cke_widget_selected\"><span class=\"math-tex cke_widget_element\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/elpiscart.com\/cgi-bin\/mathtex.cgi?{\\left( {\\sqrt {\\overline {{I_1}} } + \\sqrt {\\overline {{I_2}} } } \\right)^2}\" \/><\/span><\/span><span class=\"cke_widget_wrapper cke_widget_inline cke_widget_selected\"><span class=\"math-tex cke_widget_element\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/elpiscart.com\/cgi-bin\/mathtex.cgi?{{\\overline{I}}_{MIN}}=\\overline{{{I}_{1}}}+\\overline{{{I}_{2}}}-2\\sqrt{\\left( \\overline{{{I}_{1}}} \\right)\\left( \\overline{{{I}_{2}}} \\right)}\" \/><\/span><\/span>=<span class=\"cke_widget_wrapper cke_widget_inline cke_widget_selected\"><span class=\"math-tex cke_widget_element\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/elpiscart.com\/cgi-bin\/mathtex.cgi?{{\\left( \\sqrt{\\overline{{{I}_{1}}}}-\\sqrt{\\overline{{{I}_{2}}}} \\right)}^{2}}\" \/><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Young\u2019s Experiment<\/strong><br \/>\nTwo parallel and very close slits S<sub>1<\/sub> and S<sub>2<\/sub> (illuminated by another narrow slit) behave like two coherent sources and produce a pattern of dark and bright bands on a screen known as\u00a0interference fringes.<br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone\" src=\"https:\/\/media-mycbseguide.s3.amazonaws.com\/images\/static\/review\/4677_img_04.jpg\" alt=\"Wave Optics Class 12 Notes Physics\" width=\"300\" height=\"235\" \/><br \/>\nFor a point P on the screen, the path difference <span class=\"cke_widget_wrapper cke_widget_inline cke_widget_selected\"><span class=\"math-tex cke_widget_element\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/elpiscart.com\/cgi-bin\/mathtex.cgi?{S_2}P - {S_1}P = {{xd} \\over D}\" \/><\/span><\/span><br \/>\nWhere d is the separation between two slits, D\u00a0is the distance between the slits and the screen and x\u00a0is the distance of the point of <em>P <\/em>from the central fringe.<br \/>\nFor constructive interference (bright band), the path difference must be an integer multiple of <span class=\"cke_widget_wrapper cke_widget_inline cke_widget_selected\"><span class=\"math-tex cke_widget_element\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/elpiscart.com\/cgi-bin\/mathtex.cgi?\\lambda\" \/><\/span><\/span>\u00a0 , i.e.-The separation <span class=\"cke_widget_wrapper cke_widget_inline cke_widget_selected\"><span class=\"math-tex cke_widget_element\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/elpiscart.com\/cgi-bin\/mathtex.cgi?\\beta\" \/><\/span><\/span>\u00a0between adjacent bright (or dark) fringes is, <span class=\"cke_widget_wrapper cke_widget_inline cke_widget_selected\"><span class=\"math-tex cke_widget_element\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/elpiscart.com\/cgi-bin\/mathtex.cgi?\\beta = {{D\\lambda } \\over d}\" \/><\/span><\/span>\u00a0using which <span class=\"cke_widget_wrapper cke_widget_inline cke_widget_selected\"><span class=\"math-tex cke_widget_element\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/elpiscart.com\/cgi-bin\/mathtex.cgi?\\lambda\" \/><\/span><\/span>\u00a0can be measured.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Young\u2019s Double Slit Interference Experiment:\u00a0<\/strong>Fringe width, <span class=\"cke_widget_wrapper cke_widget_inline cke_widget_selected\"><span class=\"math-tex cke_widget_element\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/elpiscart.com\/cgi-bin\/mathtex.cgi?\\beta = {{D\\lambda } \\over d}\" \/><\/span><\/span><br \/>\nwhere D is the distance between the slits &amp; the screen d is the distance between the two\u00a0slits<\/li>\n<li><strong>Constructive Interference: <\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol>\n<li>Phase difference : <span class=\"cke_widget_wrapper cke_widget_inline cke_widget_selected\"><span class=\"math-tex cke_widget_element\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/elpiscart.com\/cgi-bin\/mathtex.cgi?\\Delta \\phi =2\\pi n\" \/><\/span><\/span>\u00a0where n is an integer<\/li>\n<li>Path difference: <span class=\"cke_widget_wrapper cke_widget_inline cke_widget_selected\"><span class=\"math-tex cke_widget_element\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/elpiscart.com\/cgi-bin\/mathtex.cgi?\\Delta X=n\\lambda\" \/><\/span><\/span>\u00a0where n is an integer<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Destructive interference:<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol>\n<li>Phase difference : <span class=\"cke_widget_wrapper cke_widget_inline cke_widget_selected\"><span class=\"math-tex cke_widget_element\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/elpiscart.com\/cgi-bin\/mathtex.cgi?\\Delta \\phi = (2n - 1)\\pi\" \/><\/span><\/span>\u00a0, where n is an integer<\/li>\n<li>Path difference: <span class=\"cke_widget_wrapper cke_widget_inline cke_widget_selected\"><span class=\"math-tex cke_widget_element\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/elpiscart.com\/cgi-bin\/mathtex.cgi?\\Delta x = (2n - 1){\\lambda \\over 2}\" \/><\/span><\/span>\u00a0, where n is an integer<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Intensity distribution curve for interference:<\/strong><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone\" src=\"https:\/\/media-mycbseguide.s3.amazonaws.com\/images\/static\/review\/4677_img_05.jpg\" alt=\"Wave Optics Class 12 Notes Physics\" width=\"300\" height=\"224\" \/><\/li>\n<li><strong>Interference fringes with white light:-\u00a0<\/strong>When the slits are illuminated with white light, the interference pattern consist of a central white fringe having on both sides a few coloured fringes and then a general illumination.<br \/>\n<strong>Conditions for sustained interference:-<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong>(i)\u00a0<\/strong>Two sources of light must be coherent.<br \/>\n<strong>(ii) <\/strong>The frequencies (or\u00a0wavelength) of the two waves should be equal.<br \/>\n<strong>(iii)\u00a0<\/strong>The light must be monochromatic.<br \/>\n<strong>(iv)\u00a0<\/strong>The amplitudes of the interfering waves must be equal or nearly equal.<br \/>\n<strong>(v)\u00a0<\/strong>The two sources must be narrow.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Diffraction:<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>The phenomenon of bending of light around the corners of an obstacle is called the diffraction of light.<br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone\" src=\"https:\/\/media-mycbseguide.s3.amazonaws.com\/images\/static\/review\/4677_img_06.jpg\" alt=\"Wave Optics Class 12 Notes Physics\" width=\"300\" height=\"152\" \/><\/li>\n<li><strong>Diffraction due to Single Slit:<\/strong><br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone\" src=\"https:\/\/media-mycbseguide.s3.amazonaws.com\/images\/static\/review\/4677_img_07.jpg\" alt=\"Wave Optics Class 12 Notes Physics\" width=\"300\" height=\"198\" \/><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol>\n<li>The single-slit diffraction pattern shows the central maximum <span class=\"cke_widget_wrapper cke_widget_inline cke_widget_selected\"><span class=\"math-tex cke_widget_element\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/elpiscart.com\/cgi-bin\/mathtex.cgi?(at\\ \\theta =0)\" \/><\/span><\/span>, zero intensity at angular separation\u00a0<span class=\"cke_widget_wrapper cke_widget_inline cke_widget_selected\"><span class=\"math-tex cke_widget_element\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone\" src=\"https:\/\/elpiscart.com\/cgi-bin\/mathtex.cgi?\\theta =\\pm (n+1\/2)\\lambda ......(n\\ne 0)\" alt=\"Wave Optics Class 12 Notes Physics\" width=\"200\" height=\"18\" \/><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li>Angular spread of the central maxima <span class=\"cke_widget_wrapper cke_widget_inline cke_widget_selected\"><span class=\"math-tex cke_widget_element\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/elpiscart.com\/cgi-bin\/mathtex.cgi?=\\frac{2\\lambda }{d}\" \/><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li>Width of the central maxima: <span class=\"cke_widget_wrapper cke_widget_inline cke_widget_selected\"><span class=\"math-tex cke_widget_element\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/elpiscart.com\/cgi-bin\/mathtex.cgi?\\frac{2\\lambda D}{d}\" \/><\/span><\/span><br \/>\nWhere D is the distance of the slit from the screen, d is the slit width.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Condition for the Minima on the either side of the Central Maxima: <\/strong><span class=\"cke_widget_wrapper cke_widget_inline cke_widget_selected\"><span class=\"math-tex cke_widget_element\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/elpiscart.com\/cgi-bin\/mathtex.cgi?d\\sin \\theta =n\\lambda\" \/><\/span><\/span>\u00a0, where n = 1,2,3,\u2026.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Relation between phase difference &amp; path difference: <\/strong><span class=\"cke_widget_wrapper cke_widget_inline cke_widget_selected\"><span class=\"math-tex cke_widget_element\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/elpiscart.com\/cgi-bin\/mathtex.cgi?\\Delta \\phi =\\frac{2\\pi }{\\lambda }.\\Delta X\" \/><\/span><\/span><br \/>\nWhere <span class=\"cke_widget_wrapper cke_widget_inline cke_widget_selected\"><span class=\"math-tex cke_widget_element\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/elpiscart.com\/cgi-bin\/mathtex.cgi?\\Delta \\phi\" \/><\/span><\/span>\u00a0is the phase difference &amp; <span class=\"cke_widget_wrapper cke_widget_inline cke_widget_selected\"><span class=\"math-tex cke_widget_element\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/elpiscart.com\/cgi-bin\/mathtex.cgi?\\Delta X\" \/><\/span><\/span>\u00a0is the path difference.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Different Parts of the WaveFront at the Slit act as Secondary Sources: <\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol>\n<li>Diffraction pattern is the result of interference of waves from these sources.<\/li>\n<li>The intensity plot looks as follows, with there being a bright central maximum, followed by smaller intensity secondary maxima, with there being points of zero intensity in between, whenever <span class=\"cke_widget_wrapper cke_widget_inline cke_widget_selected\"><span class=\"math-tex cke_widget_element\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/elpiscart.com\/cgi-bin\/mathtex.cgi?d\\sin \\theta =n\\lambda ,n\\ne 0\" \/><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li>Width of central maximum is directly proportional to wavelength of light and inversely proportional to the width of the slit.<br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone\" src=\"https:\/\/media-mycbseguide.s3.amazonaws.com\/images\/static\/revise\/12\/physics\/12_physics_revise_ch10_01.png\" alt=\"Wave Optics Class 12 Notes Physics\" width=\"199\" height=\"190\" \/><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Emission, Absorption and Scattering:<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol>\n<li>These are the three processes by which matter interacts with radiation. In emission, an accelerated charge radiates and loses energy.<\/li>\n<li>In absorption, the charge gains energy at the expense of the electromagnetic wave.<\/li>\n<li>In scattering, the charge accelerated by incident electromagnetic wave radiates in all direction.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Polarization:<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol>\n<li>If the vibrations of a wave are present in just one direction in a plane perpendicular to the direction of propagation, the wave is said to be polarised or plane polarised. the phenomenon of restricting the oscillations of a wave to just one direction in the transverse plane is called polarisation of waves.<\/li>\n<li>When light passes through a single polaroid P<sub>1<\/sub> light intensity is reduced to half, independent of the orientation of P<sub>1<\/sub>. When a second Polaroid P<sub>2<\/sub> is also included, at one specific orientation w.r.t P<sub>1<\/sub>, the net transmitted intensity is reduced to zero but is transmitted fully when P<sub>1<\/sub> is turned 900 from that orientation. This happens because the transmitted polarization by a polaroid is the component of E parallel to its axis.<br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone\" src=\"https:\/\/media-mycbseguide.s3.amazonaws.com\/images\/static\/review\/4677_img_08.jpg\" alt=\"Wave Optics Class 12 Notes Physics\" width=\"300\" height=\"168\" \/><\/li>\n<li><strong>Polariser:\u00a0<\/strong>A device that polarises the unpolarised light passed through it is called a polariser.<\/li>\n<li>Unpolarized sunlight scattered by the atmosphere or reflected from a medium gets partially\u00a0polarized.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Optical Activity: <\/strong>When plane polarised light passes through a certain substances, the plane of polarisation of the light is rotated about the direction of propagation of light through a certain angle. This phenomenon is called optical activity or optical rotation and the substances optically active.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Intensity of the Light due to Polarization (Law of Malus):<\/strong><br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone\" src=\"https:\/\/media-mycbseguide.s3.amazonaws.com\/images\/static\/review\/4677_img_09.jpg\" alt=\"Wave Optics Class 12 Notes Physics\" width=\"300\" height=\"337\" \/><br \/>\n<span class=\"cke_widget_wrapper cke_widget_inline cke_widget_selected\"><span class=\"math-tex cke_widget_element\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/elpiscart.com\/cgi-bin\/mathtex.cgi?I\\ \\alpha\\ {\\cos ^2}\\theta\" \/><\/span><\/span><br \/>\nWhere I is the intensity of light after polarization, I<sub>o<\/sub> is the original intensity, <span class=\"cke_widget_wrapper cke_widget_inline cke_widget_selected\"><span class=\"math-tex cke_widget_element\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/elpiscart.com\/cgi-bin\/mathtex.cgi?\\theta\" \/><\/span><\/span>\u00a0is the angle between the axis of the analyzer &amp; the polarizer<br \/>\nA graph between the intensity of light <strong>I <\/strong>transmitted by the analyser and the angle\u00a0<span class=\"cke_widget_wrapper cke_widget_inline cke_widget_selected\"><span class=\"math-tex cke_widget_element\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/elpiscart.com\/cgi-bin\/mathtex.cgi?\\theta\" \/><\/span><\/span>\u00a0between the polariser and the analyser will be as shown-<br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone\" src=\"https:\/\/media-mycbseguide.s3.amazonaws.com\/images\/static\/review\/4677_img_10.jpg\" alt=\"Wave Optics Class 12 Notes Physics\" width=\"300\" height=\"198\" \/><br \/>\n<strong>Methods of producing plane polarised light:<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol>\n<li>Reflection<\/li>\n<li>Scattering<\/li>\n<li>Double refraction<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Polarisation by reflection (Brewster\u2019s Law): <\/strong>When unpolarised light is incident on a transparent surface at the polarising angle <span class=\"cke_widget_wrapper cke_widget_inline cke_widget_selected\"><span class=\"math-tex cke_widget_element\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/elpiscart.com\/cgi-bin\/mathtex.cgi?({i_p})\" \/><\/span><\/span>, the reflected light is polarised with its electric vector perpendicular to the plane of incidence when the refracted and reflected rays make a right angle with each other.\u00a0<span class=\"cke_widget_wrapper cke_widget_inline cke_widget_selected\"><span class=\"math-tex cke_widget_element\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/elpiscart.com\/cgi-bin\/mathtex.cgi?\\mu = \\tan {i_p}\" \/><\/span><\/span><br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone\" src=\"https:\/\/media-mycbseguide.s3.amazonaws.com\/images\/static\/review\/4677_img_11.jpg\" alt=\"Wave Optics Class 12 Notes Physics\" width=\"300\" height=\"223\" \/><\/li>\n<li><strong>Polarization by Scattering: <\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol>\n<li>Light is scattered when it meets a particle of similar size to its own wavelength. The scattering of sunlight by dust particles is an example of polarization by scattering.<br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone\" src=\"https:\/\/media-mycbseguide.s3.amazonaws.com\/images\/static\/review\/4677_img_12.jpg\" alt=\"Wave Optics Class 12 Notes Physics\" width=\"300\" height=\"300\" \/><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Polarization by double refraction:\u00a0<\/strong>When an unpolrised ray passes through certain crystals like quartz or calcite, it spilts up into two rays. This phenomenon is called double refraction.<br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone\" src=\"https:\/\/media-mycbseguide.s3.amazonaws.com\/images\/static\/review\/4677_img_13.jpg\" alt=\"Wave Optics Class 12 Notes Physics\" width=\"300\" height=\"146\" \/><br \/>\nRayleigh showed that the scattering of light is proportional to the fourth power of the frequency of the light or varies as <span class=\"cke_widget_wrapper cke_widget_inline cke_widget_selected\"><span class=\"math-tex cke_widget_element\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/elpiscart.com\/cgi-bin\/mathtex.cgi?\\frac{1}{{{\\lambda }^{4}}}\" \/><\/span><\/span>\u00a0where <span class=\"cke_widget_wrapper cke_widget_inline cke_widget_selected\"><span class=\"math-tex cke_widget_element\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/elpiscart.com\/cgi-bin\/mathtex.cgi?\\lambda\" \/><\/span><\/span>\u00a0is the wavelength of light incident on the air molecules of size \u2018d\u2019 where <span class=\"cke_widget_wrapper cke_widget_inline cke_widget_selected\"><span class=\"math-tex cke_widget_element\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/elpiscart.com\/cgi-bin\/mathtex.cgi?d&amp;lt;&amp;lt;\\lambda\" \/><\/span><\/span>. Hence blue light is scattered more than red. This explains the blue colour of the sky.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Polaroids:\u00a0<\/strong>Polaroids are thin commercial sheets which make use of the property of selective absorption to produce an intense beam of plane polarised light.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Uses of polaroids-\u00a0<\/strong>In sunglasses and camera filters, In wind screens, In window panes of aeroplanes, In LCDs etc.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"CBSE_Class_12_Revision_Notes_and_Key_Points\"><\/span><strong>CBSE Class 12 Revision Notes and Key Points<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Wave Optics class 12 Notes. CBSE quick revision note for class 12 Physics, Chemistry, Math\u2019s, Biology and other subject are very helpful to revise the whole syllabus during exam days. The revision notes covers all important formulas and concepts given in the chapter. Even if you wish to have an overview of a chapter, quick revision notes are here to do if for you. These notes will certainly save your time during stressful exam days.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/downloads\/cbse-class-12-physics\/1251\/cbse-revision-notes\/7\/\">Physics<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/downloads\/cbse-class-12-chemistry\/1267\/cbse-revision-notes\/7\/\">Chemistry<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/downloads\/cbse-class-12-mathematics\/1284\/cbse-revision-notes\/7\/\">Mathematics<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/downloads\/cbse-class-12-biology\/1298\/cbse-revision-notes\/7\/\">Biology<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/downloads\/cbse-class-12-accountancy\/1315\/cbse-revision-notes\/7\/\">Accountancy<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/downloads\/cbse-class-12-economics\/1327\/cbse-revision-notes\/7\/\">Economics<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/downloads\/cbse-class-12-business-studies\/1727\/cbse-revision-notes\/7\/\">Business Studies<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/downloads\/cbse-class-12-computer-science\/1851\/cbse-revision-notes\/7\/\">Computer Science<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/downloads\/cbse-class-12-informatics-practices\/1873\/cbse-revision-notes\/7\/\">Informatics Practices<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/downloads\/cbse-class-12-english-core\/1855\/cbse-revision-notes\/7\/\">English Core<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/downloads\/cbse-class-12-history\/1869\/cbse-revision-notes\/7\/\">History<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/downloads\/cbse-class-12-physical-education\/1877\/cbse-revision-notes\/7\/\">Physical Education<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>To download Wave Optics class 12 Notes, sample paper for class 12 Physics, Chemistry, Biology, History, Political Science, Economics, Geography, Computer Science, Home Science, Accountancy, Business Studies and Home Science; do check myCBSEguide app or website. myCBSEguide provides sample papers with solution, test papers for chapter-wise practice, NCERT solutions, NCERT Exemplar solutions, quick revision notes for ready reference, CBSE guess papers and CBSE important question papers. Sample Paper all are made available through\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/play.google.com\/store\/apps\/details?id=in.techchefs.MyCBSEGuide&amp;referrer=utm_source%3Dmycbse_bottom%26utm_medium%3Dtext%26utm_campaign%3Dmycbseads\"><strong>the best app for CBSE students<\/strong><\/a>\u00a0and myCBSEguide website.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/blog\/electric-charges-fields-class-12-notes-physics\/\">Electric Charges and Fields class 12 Notes Physics<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"entry-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/blog\/electrostatic-potential-capacitance-class-12-notes-physics\/\">Electrostatic Potential and Capacitance class 12 Notes Physics<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"entry-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/blog\/current-electricity-class-12-notes-physics\/\">Current Electricity class 12 Notes Physics<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"entry-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/blog\/moving-charges-magnetism-class-12-notes-physics\/\">Moving Charges and Magnetism class 12 Notes Physics<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"entry-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/blog\/magnetism-matter-class-12-notes-physics\/\">Magnetism and Matter class 12 Notes Physics<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"entry-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/blog\/electromagnetic-induction-class-12-notes-physics\/\">Electromagnetic Induction class 12 Notes Physics<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"entry-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/blog\/alternating-current-class-12-notes-physics\/\">Alternating Current class 12 Notes Physics<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"entry-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/blog\/electromagnetic-waves-class-12-notes-physics\/\">Electromagnetic Waves class 12 Notes Physics<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"entry-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/blog\/ray-optics-and-optical-class-12-note-physics\/\">Ray Optics and Optical class 12 Notes Physics<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"entry-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/blog\/dual-nature-radiation-matter-class-12-notes-physics\/\">Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter class 12 Notes Physics<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"entry-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/blog\/atoms-class-12-notes-physics\/\">Atoms class 12 Notes Physics<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"entry-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/blog\/nuclei-class-12-notes-physics\/\">Nuclei class 12 Notes Physics<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"entry-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/blog\/electronic-devices-class-12-notes-physics\/\">Electronic Devices class 12 Notes Physics<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"entry-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/blog\/communication-systems-class-12-notes-physics\/\">Communication Systems class 12 Notes Physics<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>CBSE Class 12 Physics Chapter 10 Wave Optics notes in PDF are available for free download in myCBSEguide mobile app. The best app for CBSE students now provides Wave Optics class 12 Notes latest chapter wise notes for quick preparation of CBSE board exams and school-based annual examinations. Class 12 Physics notes on chapter 10 &#8230; <a title=\"Wave Optics Class 12 Notes Physics\" class=\"read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/blog\/wave-optics-class-12-notes-physics\/\" aria-label=\"More on Wave Optics Class 12 Notes Physics\">Read more<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":8891,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[48,456],"tags":[457,150,458,426,240,485],"class_list":["post-8996","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-cbse-class-12","category-revision-notes","tag-cbse-notes","tag-cbse-notes-and-key-points","tag-physics-notes","tag-quick-revision","tag-quick-revision-notes","tag-wave-optics"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.0 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Wave Optics Class 12 Notes Physics | myCBSEguide<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Wave Optics class 12 Notes Physics chapter 10 in PDF format for free download. Latest chapter wise notes for CBSE board exams.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/blog\/wave-optics-class-12-notes-physics\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Wave Optics Class 12 Notes Physics | myCBSEguide\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Wave Optics class 12 Notes Physics chapter 10 in PDF format for free download. 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