{"id":8956,"date":"2018-02-08T14:18:13","date_gmt":"2018-02-08T08:48:13","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/blog\/?p=8956"},"modified":"2019-03-05T12:09:11","modified_gmt":"2019-03-05T06:39:11","slug":"alternating-current-class-12-notes-physics","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/blog\/alternating-current-class-12-notes-physics\/","title":{"rendered":"Alternating Current Class 12 Notes Physics"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_76 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 eztoc-toggle-hide-by-default' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/blog\/alternating-current-class-12-notes-physics\/#CBSE_Guide_Alternating_Current_Class_12_Notes\" >CBSE Guide Alternating Current Class 12 Notes<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/blog\/alternating-current-class-12-notes-physics\/#Class_12_Physics_notes_Chapter_7_Alternating_Current\" >Class 12 Physics notes Chapter 7 Alternating Current<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/blog\/alternating-current-class-12-notes-physics\/#CBSE_Class_12_Physics_Revision_Notes_Chapter_7_Alternating_Current\" >CBSE Class 12\u00a0Physics Revision Notes Chapter 7 Alternating Current<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/blog\/alternating-current-class-12-notes-physics\/#CBSE_Class_12_Revision_Notes_and_Key_Points\" >CBSE Class 12 Revision Notes and Key Points<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<p><strong>CBSE Class 12 Physics Chapter 7 Alternating Current notes<\/strong> in PDF are available for free download in myCBSEguide mobile app. The best app for CBSE students now provides Alternating Current class 12 Notes latest chapter wise notes for quick preparation of CBSE board exams and school-based annual examinations. Class 12 Physics notes on chapter 7 Alternating Current are also available for download in CBSE Guide website.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"CBSE_Guide_Alternating_Current_Class_12_Notes\"><\/span><strong>CBSE Guide Alternating Current Class 12 Notes<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>CBSE guide notes are the comprehensive notes which covers the latest syllabus of CBSE and NCERT. It includes all the topics given in NCERT class 12 Physics textbook. Users can download CBSE guide quick revision notes from myCBSEguide mobile app and my CBSE guide website.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Class_12_Physics_notes_Chapter_7_Alternating_Current\"><\/span><strong>Class 12 Physics notes Chapter 7 Alternating Current<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Download CBSE class 12th revision notes for chapter 7 Alternating Current in PDF format for free. Download revision notes for Alternating Current class 12 Notes and score high in exams. These are the Alternating Current class 12 Notes prepared by team of expert teachers. The revision notes help you revise the whole chapter 7 in minutes. Revision notes in exam days is one of the best tips recommended by teachers during exam days.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a class=\"button\" href=\"https:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/downloads\/cbse-class-12-physics\/1251\/cbse-revision-notes\/7\/\">Download Revision Notes as PDF<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"CBSE_Class_12_Physics_Revision_Notes_Chapter_7_Alternating_Current\"><\/span><strong>CBSE Class 12\u00a0Physics Revision Notes Chapter 7 Alternating Current <\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><strong>Alternating Current:\u00a0<\/strong>The current whose magnitude changes with time and direction reverses periodically is called alternating current. a) Alternating emf E and current I at any time am given by:<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"cke_widget_wrapper cke_widget_inline cke_widget_selected\"><span class=\"math-tex cke_widget_element\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone\" src=\"https:\/\/elpiscart.com\/cgi-bin\/mathtex.cgi?E={{E}_{0}}\\sin \\omega t\" alt=\"Alternating Current Class 12 Notes\" width=\"98\" height=\"14\" \/><\/span><\/span>\u00a0Where, <span class=\"cke_widget_wrapper cke_widget_inline cke_widget_selected\"><span class=\"math-tex cke_widget_element\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone\" src=\"https:\/\/elpiscart.com\/cgi-bin\/mathtex.cgi?{{E}_{0}}=NBA\\omega\" alt=\"Alternating Current Class 12 Notes\" width=\"93\" height=\"13\" \/><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"cke_widget_wrapper cke_widget_inline cke_widget_selected\"><span class=\"math-tex cke_widget_element\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/elpiscart.com\/cgi-bin\/mathtex.cgi?I={{I}_{0}}\\sin (\\omega t-\\phi )\" \/><\/span><\/span>\u00a0Where, <span class=\"cke_widget_wrapper cke_widget_inline cke_widget_selected\"><span class=\"math-tex cke_widget_element\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone\" src=\"https:\/\/elpiscart.com\/cgi-bin\/mathtex.cgi?{{I}_{0}}=\\frac{NBA\\omega }{R}\" alt=\"Alternating Current Class 12 Notes\" width=\"91\" height=\"34\" \/><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"cke_widget_wrapper cke_widget_inline cke_widget_selected\"><span class=\"math-tex cke_widget_element\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone\" src=\"https:\/\/elpiscart.com\/cgi-bin\/mathtex.cgi?\\omega =2\\pi n=\\frac{2\\pi }{T}\" alt=\"Alternating Current Class 12 Notes\" width=\"104\" height=\"34\" \/><\/span><\/span>\u00a0Where T is the time period.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Values of Alternating Current and Voltage <\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>Instantaneous value:<\/strong> It is the value of alternating current and voltage at an instant t.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Peak value:<\/strong> Maximum values of voltage E<sub>0<\/sub> and current I<sub>0<\/sub> in a cycle are called peak values.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Mean or average value of a.c.:<\/strong> It is defined as that value of direct current which sends the same charge in a circuit in the same time as is sent by the given alternating current in its half time period. For complete cycle,<span class=\"cke_widget_wrapper cke_widget_inline cke_widget_selected\"><span class=\"math-tex cke_widget_element\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/elpiscart.com\/cgi-bin\/mathtex.cgi?\\begin{align} &amp;amp; &amp;lt;E&amp;gt;=\\frac{1}{T}\\int\\limits_{0}^{T}{Edt=0} \\\\&amp;amp; &amp;lt;I&amp;gt;=\\frac{1}{T}\\int\\limits_{0}^{T}{Idt=0} \\\\ \\end{align}\" \/>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>Mean value for half cycle: <span class=\"cke_widget_wrapper cke_widget_inline cke_widget_selected\"><span class=\"math-tex cke_widget_element\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/elpiscart.com\/cgi-bin\/mathtex.cgi?{{E}_{mean}}=\\frac{2{{E}_{0}}}{\\pi }\" \/><\/span><\/span>\u00a0<span class=\"cke_widget_wrapper cke_widget_inline cke_widget_selected\"><span class=\"math-tex cke_widget_element\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone\" src=\"https:\/\/elpiscart.com\/cgi-bin\/mathtex.cgi?or\\ {{I}_{mean}}=\\frac{2{{I}_{0}}}{\\pi }\" alt=\"Alternating Current Class 12 Notes\" width=\"111\" height=\"35\" \/><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><strong>Root \u2013 mean- square (rms) or effective or virtual value of a.c.:<\/strong> It is defined as that value of direct current which produces the same heating effect in a given resistor as is produced by the given alternating current when passed for the same time.<span class=\"cke_widget_wrapper cke_widget_inline cke_widget_selected\"><span class=\"math-tex cke_widget_element\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone\" src=\"https:\/\/elpiscart.com\/cgi-bin\/mathtex.cgi?{E_{rms}} = {( &amp;lt; {E^2} &amp;gt; )^{1\/2}} = \\frac{{{E_0}}}{{\\sqrt 2 }} = 0.707{E_0} = 70.7\\% {E_0}\" alt=\"Alternating Current Class 12 Notes\" width=\"360\" height=\"38\" \/><\/span><\/span><span class=\"cke_widget_wrapper cke_widget_inline cke_widget_selected\"><span class=\"math-tex cke_widget_element\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/elpiscart.com\/cgi-bin\/mathtex.cgi?{I_{rms}} = {( &amp;lt; {I^2} &amp;gt; )^{1\/2}} = \\frac{{{I_0}}}{{\\sqrt 2 }} = 0.707{I_0} = 70.7\\% {I_0}\" \/><\/span><\/span>RMS values are also called apparent or effective values.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Phase difference Between the EMF (Voltage) and the Current in an AC Circuit:\u00a0<\/strong>A diagram that represents alternating current and voltage of the same frequency as rotating vectors (phasors) alogwith proper phase angle between them is called a phasor diagram.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>For pure resistor:<\/strong> The voltage and the current are in same phase i.e. phase difference <span class=\"cke_widget_wrapper cke_widget_inline cke_widget_selected\"><span class=\"math-tex cke_widget_element\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/elpiscart.com\/cgi-bin\/mathtex.cgi?\\phi =0\" \/><\/span><\/span><br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone\" src=\"https:\/\/media-mycbseguide.s3.amazonaws.com\/images\/static\/review\/4674_img_01.jpg\" alt=\"Alternating Current Class 12 Notes\" width=\"300\" height=\"127\" \/><\/li>\n<li><strong>For pure inductor:<\/strong> The voltage is ahead of current by <span class=\"cke_widget_wrapper cke_widget_inline cke_widget_selected\"><span class=\"math-tex cke_widget_element\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/elpiscart.com\/cgi-bin\/mathtex.cgi?\\frac{\\pi }{2}\" \/><\/span><\/span>\u00a0i.e. phase difference <span class=\"cke_widget_wrapper cke_widget_inline cke_widget_selected\"><span class=\"math-tex cke_widget_element\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/elpiscart.com\/cgi-bin\/mathtex.cgi?\\phi =+\\frac{\\pi }{2}\" \/><\/span><\/span><br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone\" src=\"https:\/\/media-mycbseguide.s3.amazonaws.com\/images\/static\/review\/4674_img_02.jpg\" alt=\"Alternating Current Class 12 Notes\" width=\"300\" height=\"166\" \/><\/li>\n<li><strong>For pure capacitor:<\/strong> The voltage lags behind the current by <span class=\"cke_widget_wrapper cke_widget_inline cke_widget_selected\"><span class=\"math-tex cke_widget_element\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/elpiscart.com\/cgi-bin\/mathtex.cgi?\\frac{\\pi }{2}\" \/><\/span><\/span>\u00a0i.e. phase difference <span class=\"cke_widget_wrapper cke_widget_inline cke_widget_selected\"><span class=\"math-tex cke_widget_element\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/elpiscart.com\/cgi-bin\/mathtex.cgi?\\phi =-\\frac{\\pi }{2}\" \/><\/span><\/span><br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone\" src=\"https:\/\/media-mycbseguide.s3.amazonaws.com\/images\/static\/review\/4674_img_03.jpg\" alt=\"Alternating Current Class 12 Notes\" width=\"300\" height=\"124\" \/><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Reactance:\u00a0<\/strong>The non-resistive opposition to the flow of a.c. is called reactance.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol>\n<li><span class=\"cke_widget_wrapper cke_widget_inline cke_widget_selected\"><span class=\"math-tex cke_widget_element\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/elpiscart.com\/cgi-bin\/mathtex.cgi?{\\text{Reactance }}\" \/><\/span><\/span>\u00a0<span class=\"cke_widget_wrapper cke_widget_inline cke_widget_selected\"><span class=\"math-tex cke_widget_element\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/elpiscart.com\/cgi-bin\/mathtex.cgi?{\\text{X = }}\\frac{E}{I} = \\frac{{{E_0}}}{{{I_0}}} = \\frac{{{E_{rms}}}}{{{I_{rms}}}} \\pm \\pi \/2\" \/><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span class=\"cke_widget_wrapper cke_widget_inline cke_widget_selected\"><span class=\"math-tex cke_widget_element\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/elpiscart.com\/cgi-bin\/mathtex.cgi?{\\text{Inductive reactance }}\" \/><\/span><\/span>\u00a0<span class=\"cke_widget_wrapper cke_widget_inline cke_widget_selected\"><span class=\"math-tex cke_widget_element\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/elpiscart.com\/cgi-bin\/mathtex.cgi?{{\\text{X}}_L}{\\text{ = }}\\omega {\\text{L = 2}}\\pi {\\text{fL}}\" \/><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span class=\"cke_widget_wrapper cke_widget_inline cke_widget_selected\"><span class=\"math-tex cke_widget_element\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/elpiscart.com\/cgi-bin\/mathtex.cgi?{\\text{Capacitive reactance }}\" \/><\/span><\/span>\u00a0<span class=\"cke_widget_wrapper cke_widget_inline cke_widget_selected\"><span class=\"math-tex cke_widget_element\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/elpiscart.com\/cgi-bin\/mathtex.cgi?{{\\text{X}}_C}{\\text{ = }}\\frac{1}{{\\omega C}} = \\frac{1}{{2\\pi fC}}\" \/><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Impedance:<\/strong>\u00a0It is defined as the effective resistance of the series LCR-circuit which opposes the flow of current through it is called impedance, <span class=\"cke_widget_wrapper cke_widget_inline cke_widget_selected\"><span class=\"math-tex cke_widget_element\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/elpiscart.com\/cgi-bin\/mathtex.cgi?Z=\\frac{E}{I}=\\frac{{{E}_{0}}}{{{I}_{0}}}=\\frac{{{E}_{rms}}}{{{I}_{rms}}}\\phi\" \/><\/span><\/span>\u00a0Where\u00a0<span class=\"cke_widget_wrapper cke_widget_inline cke_widget_selected\"><span class=\"math-tex cke_widget_element\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/elpiscart.com\/cgi-bin\/mathtex.cgi?\\phi\" \/><\/span><\/span>\u00a0is the phase difference of the voltage E relative to the current I.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>For L \u2013 R series circuit:<\/strong><span class=\"cke_widget_wrapper cke_widget_inline cke_widget_selected\"><span class=\"math-tex cke_widget_element\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/elpiscart.com\/cgi-bin\/mathtex.cgi?{{Z}_{RL}}=\\sqrt{{{R}^{2}}+X_{L}^{2}}=\\sqrt{{{R}^{2}}+(\\omega {{L})^{2}}}\" \/><\/span><\/span><span class=\"cke_widget_wrapper cke_widget_inline cke_widget_selected\"><span class=\"math-tex cke_widget_element\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/elpiscart.com\/cgi-bin\/mathtex.cgi?\\tan \\phi =\\left( \\frac{\\omega L}{R} \\right)\\ or\\ \\phi ={{\\tan }^{-1}}\\left( \\frac{\\omega L}{R} \\right)\" \/><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><strong>For R \u2013 C series circuit:<\/strong><span class=\"cke_widget_wrapper cke_widget_inline cke_widget_selected\"><span class=\"math-tex cke_widget_element\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/elpiscart.com\/cgi-bin\/mathtex.cgi?{{Z}_{RC}}=\\sqrt{{{R}^{2}}+X_{C}^{2}}=\\sqrt{{{R}^{2}}+{{\\left( \\frac{1}{\\omega C} \\right)}^{2}}}\" \/><\/span><\/span><span class=\"cke_widget_wrapper cke_widget_inline cke_widget_selected\"><span class=\"math-tex cke_widget_element\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/elpiscart.com\/cgi-bin\/mathtex.cgi?\\tan \\phi =\\frac{1}{\\omega CR}\" \/><\/span><\/span>\u00a0Or <span class=\"cke_widget_wrapper cke_widget_inline cke_widget_selected\"><span class=\"math-tex cke_widget_element\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/elpiscart.com\/cgi-bin\/mathtex.cgi?\\phi ={{\\tan }^{-1}}\\left( \\frac{1}{\\omega CR} \\right)\" \/><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><strong>For L \u2013 C series circuit:<\/strong><span class=\"cke_widget_wrapper cke_widget_inline cke_widget_selected\"><span class=\"math-tex cke_widget_element\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/elpiscart.com\/cgi-bin\/mathtex.cgi?{{Z}_{LCR}}=\\sqrt{{{R}^{2}}+{{({{X}_{L}}-{{X}_{C}})}^{2}}}\" \/><\/span><\/span><span class=\"cke_widget_wrapper cke_widget_inline cke_widget_selected\"><span class=\"math-tex cke_widget_element\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/elpiscart.com\/cgi-bin\/mathtex.cgi?=\\sqrt{{{R}^{2}}+{{\\left( \\omega L-\\frac{1}{\\omega C} \\right)}^{2}}}\" \/><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><span class=\"cke_widget_wrapper cke_widget_inline cke_widget_selected\"><span class=\"math-tex cke_widget_element\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/elpiscart.com\/cgi-bin\/mathtex.cgi?\\tan \\phi =\\frac{\\left( \\omega L-\\frac{1}{\\omega C} \\right)}{R}\" \/><\/span><\/span>\u00a0Or <span class=\"cke_widget_wrapper cke_widget_inline cke_widget_selected\"><span class=\"math-tex cke_widget_element\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone\" src=\"https:\/\/elpiscart.com\/cgi-bin\/mathtex.cgi?\\phi ={{\\tan }^{-1}}\\left( \\frac{\\omega L-\\frac{1}{\\omega C}}{R} \\right)\" alt=\"Alternating Current Class 12 Notes\" width=\"167\" height=\"44\" \/><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Conductance: \u00a0<\/strong>Reciprocal of resistance is called conductance.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span class=\"cke_widget_wrapper cke_widget_inline cke_widget_selected\"><span class=\"math-tex cke_widget_element\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/elpiscart.com\/cgi-bin\/mathtex.cgi?G=\\frac{1}{R}\\ mho\" \/><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Power in an\u00a0ac\u00a0circuit:<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol>\n<li>Electric power = (current in circuit) x (voltage in circuit)P = IE<\/li>\n<li>Instantaneous power:<span class=\"cke_widget_wrapper cke_widget_inline cke_widget_selected\"><span class=\"math-tex cke_widget_element\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/elpiscart.com\/cgi-bin\/mathtex.cgi?{P_{inst}} = {\\text{ }}{E_{inst}} \\times {\\text{ }}{I_{inst}}\" \/><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li>Average power:<span class=\"cke_widget_wrapper cke_widget_inline cke_widget_selected\"><span class=\"math-tex cke_widget_element\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone\" src=\"https:\/\/elpiscart.com\/cgi-bin\/mathtex.cgi?{{P}_{av}}=\\frac{1}{2}{{E}_{0}}{{I}_{0}}\\cos \\phi ={{E}_{rms}}{{I}_{rms}}\\cos \\phi\" alt=\"Alternating Current Class 12 Notes\" width=\"263\" height=\"34\" \/><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li>Virtual power (apparent power):<span class=\"cke_widget_wrapper cke_widget_inline cke_widget_selected\"><span class=\"math-tex cke_widget_element\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone\" src=\"https:\/\/elpiscart.com\/cgi-bin\/mathtex.cgi?=\\frac{1}{2}{{E}_{0}}{{I}_{0}}={{E}_{rms}}{{I}_{rms}}\" alt=\"Alternating Current Class 12 Notes\" width=\"156\" height=\"34\" \/><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Power Factor:\u00a0<\/strong>It is defined as the ratio of the true power to the apparent power of an a.c. circuit.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span class=\"cke_widget_wrapper cke_widget_inline cke_widget_selected\"><span class=\"math-tex cke_widget_element\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone\" src=\"https:\/\/elpiscart.com\/cgi-bin\/mathtex.cgi?\\cos \\phi = {R \\over Z} = {R \\over {\\sqrt {{R^2} + {{\\left( {\\omega L - {1 \\over {\\omega C}}} \\right)}^2}} }}\" alt=\"Alternating Current Class 12 Notes\" width=\"244\" height=\"52\" \/><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>For purely resistive circuit-<\/strong><span class=\"cke_widget_wrapper cke_widget_inline cke_widget_selected\"><span class=\"math-tex cke_widget_element\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/elpiscart.com\/cgi-bin\/mathtex.cgi?\\text{Power factor cos}\\phi \\text{ = 1}\" \/><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><strong>For purely inductive or capacitive circuit-<\/strong><span class=\"cke_widget_wrapper cke_widget_inline cke_widget_selected\"><span class=\"math-tex cke_widget_element\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/elpiscart.com\/cgi-bin\/mathtex.cgi?\\text{Power factor cos}\\phi \\text{ = 0}\" \/><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><strong>For LCR circuit-<\/strong><span class=\"cke_widget_wrapper cke_widget_inline cke_widget_selected\"><span class=\"math-tex cke_widget_element\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone\" src=\"https:\/\/elpiscart.com\/cgi-bin\/mathtex.cgi?\\text{Power factor, cos}\\phi \\text{=}\\frac{R}{\\sqrt{{{R}^{2}}+{{\\left( \\omega L-\\frac{1}{\\omega C} \\right)}^{2}}}}\" alt=\"Alternating Current Class 12 Notes\" width=\"295\" height=\"52\" \/><\/span><\/span><span class=\"cke_widget_wrapper cke_widget_inline cke_widget_selected\"><span class=\"math-tex cke_widget_element\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone\" src=\"https:\/\/elpiscart.com\/cgi-bin\/mathtex.cgi?X=\\left( \\omega L-\\frac{1}{\\omega C} \\right)\" alt=\"Alternating Current Class 12 Notes\" width=\"129\" height=\"41\" \/><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Wattless Current: <\/strong>The component of current differing in phase by <span class=\"cke_widget_wrapper cke_widget_inline cke_widget_selected\"><span class=\"math-tex cke_widget_element\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/elpiscart.com\/cgi-bin\/mathtex.cgi?\\frac{\\pi }{2}\" \/><\/span><\/span>\u00a0relative to the voltage, is called wattles current.<\/li>\n<li><strong>The rms value of wattless current:<\/strong><br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone\" src=\"https:\/\/media-mycbseguide.s3.amazonaws.com\/images\/static\/review\/4674_img_04.jpg\" alt=\"Alternating Current Class 12 Notes\" width=\"290\" height=\"243\" \/><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span class=\"cke_widget_wrapper cke_widget_inline cke_widget_selected\"><span class=\"math-tex cke_widget_element\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/elpiscart.com\/cgi-bin\/mathtex.cgi?{P_{av}} = {\\varepsilon _{rms}}\\left( {{I_{rms}}\\sin \\phi } \\right).\\cos {\\pi \\over 2} = 0\" \/><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p>The component\u00a0<span class=\"cke_widget_wrapper cke_widget_inline cke_widget_selected\"><span class=\"math-tex cke_widget_element\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/elpiscart.com\/cgi-bin\/mathtex.cgi?{{I_{rms}}\\sin \\phi }\" \/><\/span><\/span>\u00a0is called wattless current because it does not consume any \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 power in a.c. circuit.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Choke Coil:<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol>\n<li>An inductive coil used for controlling alternating current whose self- inductance is high and resistance negligible, is called choke coil.<\/li>\n<li>The power factor of this coil is approximately zero.<\/li>\n<li>It controls current without consuming any power.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Series Resonant Circuit <\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol>\n<li>When the inductive reactance (X<sub>L<\/sub>) becomes equal to the capacitive reactance (X<sub>C<\/sub>) in the circuit, the total impedance becomes purely resistive (Z = R).<\/li>\n<li>In this state, the voltage and current are in same phase (<span class=\"cke_widget_wrapper cke_widget_inline cke_widget_selected\"><span class=\"math-tex cke_widget_element\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/elpiscart.com\/cgi-bin\/mathtex.cgi?\\phi\" \/><\/span><\/span>\u00a0= 0), the current and power are maximum and impedance is minimum. This state is called resonance.<\/li>\n<li>At resonance, <span class=\"cke_widget_wrapper cke_widget_inline cke_widget_selected\"><span class=\"math-tex cke_widget_element\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/elpiscart.com\/cgi-bin\/mathtex.cgi?{{\\omega }_{r}}L=\\frac{1}{{{\\omega }_{r}}C}\" \/><\/span><\/span>Hence, resonance frequency is, <span class=\"cke_widget_wrapper cke_widget_inline cke_widget_selected\"><span class=\"math-tex cke_widget_element\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/elpiscart.com\/cgi-bin\/mathtex.cgi?{{f}_{r}}=\\frac{1}{2\\pi \\sqrt{LC}}\" \/><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li>In resonance, the power factor of the circuit is one.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Half \u2013 Power Frequencies: <\/strong>Those frequencies f<sub>1<\/sub> and f<sub>2<\/sub> at which the power is half of the maximum power (power at resonance), i.e., f<sub>1<\/sub> and f<sub>2<\/sub> are called half \u2013 power frequencies.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span class=\"cke_widget_wrapper cke_widget_inline cke_widget_selected\"><span class=\"math-tex cke_widget_element\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/elpiscart.com\/cgi-bin\/mathtex.cgi?\\begin{align}\u00a0 &amp;amp; P=\\frac{1}{2}{{P}_{\\max }} \\\\\u00a0 &amp;amp; I=\\frac{{{I}_{\\max }}}{\\sqrt{2}} \\\\\u00a0 &amp;amp; \\therefore P=\\frac{{{P}_{\\max }}}{2} \\\\ \\end{align}\" \/><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Band \u2013 Width:<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol>\n<li>The frequency interval between half \u2013 power frequencies is called band \u2013 width.<span class=\"cke_widget_wrapper cke_widget_inline cke_widget_selected\"><span class=\"math-tex cke_widget_element\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/elpiscart.com\/cgi-bin\/mathtex.cgi?\\therefore \\text{ Bandwidth }\\Delta \\text{f = }{{f}_{2}}-{{f}_{1}}\" \/><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li>For a series LCR resonant circuit,<span class=\"cke_widget_wrapper cke_widget_inline cke_widget_selected\"><span class=\"math-tex cke_widget_element\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/elpiscart.com\/cgi-bin\/mathtex.cgi?\\Delta \\text{f = }\\frac{1}{2\\pi }\\frac{R}{L}\" \/><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Quality Factor (Q): <\/strong>It is defined as the ratio of the resonant frequency to the difference in two frequencies taken on both sides of the resonant frequency such that at each frequency, the current amplitude becomes\u00a0<span class=\"cke_widget_wrapper cke_widget_inline cke_widget_selected\"><span class=\"math-tex cke_widget_element\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/elpiscart.com\/cgi-bin\/mathtex.cgi?{1 \\over {\\sqrt 2 }}\" \/><\/span><\/span>\u00a0times the value at resonant frequency.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span class=\"cke_widget_wrapper cke_widget_inline cke_widget_selected\"><span class=\"math-tex cke_widget_element\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone\" src=\"https:\/\/elpiscart.com\/cgi-bin\/mathtex.cgi?Q = {{{\\omega _r}} \\over {{\\omega _2} - {\\omega _1}}} = {{{\\omega _r}L} \\over R} = {1 \\over {{\\omega _r}CR}} = {1 \\over R}\\sqrt {{L \\over C}}\" alt=\"Alternating Current Class 12 Notes\" width=\"293\" height=\"42\" \/><\/span><\/span><br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone\" src=\"https:\/\/media-mycbseguide.s3.amazonaws.com\/images\/static\/review\/4674_img_05.jpg\" alt=\"Alternating Current Class 12 Notes\" width=\"300\" height=\"343\" \/><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>LC-Oscillations:-\u00a0<\/strong>When a charged capacitor is allowed to discharge through a non-resistive inductor, electrical oscillations of constant amplitude and frequency are produced. These oscillations are called LC-oscillations.<br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone\" src=\"https:\/\/media-mycbseguide.s3.amazonaws.com\/images\/static\/review\/4674_img_06.jpg\" alt=\"Alternating Current Class 12 Notes\" width=\"300\" height=\"132\" \/><\/li>\n<li><strong>Transformer:-\u00a0<\/strong>It is an electrical device for converting an alternating current at low voltage into that at high voltage or\u00a0vice versa.<\/li>\n<li>If transformer increases the input voltage, it is called\u00a0<strong>step-up transformer.<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>If transformer decreases the input voltage, it is called\u00a0<strong>step-down\u00a0transformer.<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>It works on the principle of mutual induction, i.e. when a changing current is passed through one of the two inductively coupled coils, an induced emf is set up in the other coil.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span class=\"cke_widget_wrapper cke_widget_inline cke_widget_selected\"><span class=\"math-tex cke_widget_element\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/elpiscart.com\/cgi-bin\/mathtex.cgi?{{{I_1}} \\over {{I_2}}} = {{{\\varepsilon _2}} \\over {{\\varepsilon _1}}} = {{{N_2}} \\over {{N_1}}}\" \/><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Energy losses in transformers-\u00a0<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol>\n<li>Copper losses<\/li>\n<li>Eddy current losses<\/li>\n<li>Hysteresis loss<\/li>\n<li>Flux leakage<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>A.C. Generator:- <\/strong>It is a device which converts mechanical energy into electrical energy.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Principle:\u00a0<\/strong>It is based on the principle of electromagnetic induction.<br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone\" src=\"https:\/\/media-mycbseguide.s3.amazonaws.com\/images\/static\/review\/4674_img_07.jpg\" alt=\"Alternating Current Class 12 Notes\" width=\"300\" height=\"306\" \/><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"CBSE_Class_12_Revision_Notes_and_Key_Points\"><\/span><strong>CBSE Class 12 Revision Notes and Key Points<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Alternating Current class 12 Notes. CBSE quick revision note for class-12 Physics, Chemistry, Math\u2019s, Biology and other subject are very helpful to revise the whole syllabus during exam days. The revision notes covers all important formulas and concepts given in the chapter. Even if you wish to have an overview of a chapter, quick revision notes are here to do if for you. These notes will certainly save your time during stressful exam days.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/downloads\/cbse-class-12-physics\/1251\/cbse-revision-notes\/7\/\">Physics<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/downloads\/cbse-class-12-chemistry\/1267\/cbse-revision-notes\/7\/\">Chemistry<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/downloads\/cbse-class-12-mathematics\/1284\/cbse-revision-notes\/7\/\">Mathematics<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/downloads\/cbse-class-12-biology\/1298\/cbse-revision-notes\/7\/\">Biology<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/downloads\/cbse-class-12-accountancy\/1315\/cbse-revision-notes\/7\/\">Accountancy<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/downloads\/cbse-class-12-economics\/1327\/cbse-revision-notes\/7\/\">Economics<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/downloads\/cbse-class-12-business-studies\/1727\/cbse-revision-notes\/7\/\">Business Studies<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/downloads\/cbse-class-12-computer-science\/1851\/cbse-revision-notes\/7\/\">Computer Science<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/downloads\/cbse-class-12-informatics-practices\/1873\/cbse-revision-notes\/7\/\">Informatics Practices<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/downloads\/cbse-class-12-english-core\/1855\/cbse-revision-notes\/7\/\">English Core<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/downloads\/cbse-class-12-history\/1869\/cbse-revision-notes\/7\/\">History<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/downloads\/cbse-class-12-physical-education\/1877\/cbse-revision-notes\/7\/\">Physical Education<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>To download Alternating Current class 12 Notes, sample paper for class 12 Physics, Chemistry, Biology, History, Political Science, Economics, Geography, Computer Science, Home Science, Accountancy, Business Studies and Home Science; do check myCBSEguide app or website. myCBSEguide provides sample papers with solution, test papers for chapter-wise practice, NCERT solutions, NCERT Exemplar solutions, quick revision notes for ready reference, CBSE guess papers and CBSE important question papers. Sample Paper all are made available through\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/play.google.com\/store\/apps\/details?id=in.techchefs.MyCBSEGuide&amp;referrer=utm_source%3Dmycbse_bottom%26utm_medium%3Dtext%26utm_campaign%3Dmycbseads\"><strong>the best app for CBSE students<\/strong><\/a>\u00a0and myCBSEguide website.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/blog\/electric-charges-fields-class-12-notes-physics\/\">Electric Charges and Fields class 12 Notes Physics<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"entry-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/blog\/electrostatic-potential-capacitance-class-12-notes-physics\/\">Electrostatic Potential and Capacitance class 12 Notes Physics<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"entry-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/blog\/current-electricity-class-12-notes-physics\/\">Current Electricity class 12 Notes Physics<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"entry-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/blog\/moving-charges-magnetism-class-12-notes-physics\/\">Moving Charges and Magnetism class 12 Notes Physics<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"entry-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/blog\/magnetism-matter-class-12-notes-physics\/\">Magnetism and Matter class 12 Notes Physics<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"entry-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/blog\/electromagnetic-induction-class-12-notes-physics\/\">Electromagnetic Induction class 12 Notes Physics<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"entry-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/blog\/electromagnetic-waves-class-12-notes-physics\/\">Electromagnetic Waves class 12 Notes Physics<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"entry-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/blog\/ray-optics-and-optical-class-12-note-physics\/\">Ray Optics and Optical class 12 Notes Physics<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"entry-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/blog\/wave-optics-class-12-notes-physics\/\">Wave Optics class 12 Notes Physics<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"entry-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/blog\/dual-nature-radiation-matter-class-12-notes-physics\/\">Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter class 12 Notes Physics<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"entry-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/blog\/atoms-class-12-notes-physics\/\">Atoms class 12 Notes Physics<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"entry-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/blog\/nuclei-class-12-notes-physics\/\">Nuclei class 12 Notes Physics<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"entry-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/blog\/electronic-devices-class-12-notes-physics\/\">Electronic Devices class 12 Notes Physics<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"entry-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/blog\/communication-systems-class-12-notes-physics\/\">Communication Systems class 12 Notes Physics<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>CBSE Class 12 Physics Chapter 7 Alternating Current notes in PDF are available for free download in myCBSEguide mobile app. The best app for CBSE students now provides Alternating Current class 12 Notes latest chapter wise notes for quick preparation of CBSE board exams and school-based annual examinations. Class 12 Physics notes on chapter 7 &#8230; <a title=\"Alternating Current Class 12 Notes Physics\" class=\"read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/blog\/alternating-current-class-12-notes-physics\/\" aria-label=\"More on Alternating Current Class 12 Notes Physics\">Read more<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":8891,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[48,456],"tags":[475,457,150,458,426,240],"class_list":["post-8956","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-cbse-class-12","category-revision-notes","tag-alternating-current","tag-cbse-notes","tag-cbse-notes-and-key-points","tag-physics-notes","tag-quick-revision","tag-quick-revision-notes"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.0 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Alternating Current Class 12 Notes Physics | myCBSEguide<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Alternating Current class 12 Notes Physics chapter 7 in PDF format for free download. 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