{"id":27949,"date":"2019-10-25T11:11:14","date_gmt":"2019-10-25T05:41:14","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/blog\/?p=27949"},"modified":"2019-10-25T12:13:23","modified_gmt":"2019-10-25T06:43:23","slug":"chapter-12-probability-class-12-mathematics-important-questions","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/blog\/chapter-12-probability-class-12-mathematics-important-questions\/","title":{"rendered":"Chapter 12 Probability Class 12 Mathematics Important Questions"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Chapter 12 Probability Class 12 Mathematics Important Questions. <\/strong>myCBSEguide has just released Chapter Wise Question Answers for class 12 Maths. There chapter wise Practice Questions with complete solutions are available for download in\u00a0<strong><a href=\"https:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/\">myCBSEguide<\/a>\u00a0<\/strong>website and mobile app. These Questions with solution are prepared by our team of expert teachers who are teaching grade in CBSE schools for years. There are around 4-5 set of solved Chapter 13 Probability Mathematics Extra Questions from each and every chapter. The students will not miss any concept in these Chapter wise question that are specially designed to tackle Board Exam. We have taken care of every single concept given in <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/course\/cbse-class-12-mathematics\/1284\/\">CBSE Class 12 Mathematics syllabus<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0and questions are framed as per the latest marking scheme and blue print issued by CBSE for class 12.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Class 12 Chapter 12 Maths Extra Questions<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a class=\"button\" href=\"https:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/dashboard\/category\/1297\/type\/4\">Download as PDF<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<h2>Class 12 Chapter 13 Maths Extra Questions<\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Chapter 13 Probability<\/strong><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<ol style=\"padding-left: 20px;\">\n<li class=\"question-list\" style=\"clear: both;\">\n<div class=\"question-container\">\n<div class=\"question-text\">\n<p>Five cards are drawn successively with replacement from a well \u2013 shuffled deck of 52 cards. What is the probability that only 3 cards are spades?<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<div>\n<div>\n<ol style=\"list-style-type: lower-alpha;\" start=\"1\">\n<li><span class=\"math-tex\">{tex}\\frac{{77}}{{512}}{\/tex}<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span class=\"math-tex\">{tex}\\frac{{45}}{{512}}{\/tex}<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span class=\"math-tex\">{tex}\\frac{{57}}{{512}}{\/tex}<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span class=\"math-tex\">{tex}\\frac{{41}}{{512}}{\/tex}<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"question-list\" style=\"clear: both;\">\n<div class=\"question-container\">\n<div class=\"question-text\">\n<p>In answering a question on a multiple choice test, a student either knows the answer or guesses. Let <span class=\"math-tex\">{tex}\\frac{3}{4}{\/tex}<\/span>\u00a0be the probability that he knows the answer and <span class=\"math-tex\">{tex}\\frac{1}{4}{\/tex}<\/span> be the probability that he guesses. Assuming that a student who guesses at the answer will be correct with probability <span class=\"math-tex\">{tex}\\frac{1}{4}{\/tex}<\/span>. What is the probability that the student knows the answer given that he answered it correctly?<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<div>\n<div>\n<ol style=\"list-style-type: lower-alpha;\" start=\"1\">\n<li><span class=\"math-tex\">{tex}\\frac{{11}}{{13}}{\/tex}<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span class=\"math-tex\">{tex}\\frac{7}{{13}}\\;{\/tex}<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span class=\"math-tex\">{tex}\\frac{{12}}{{13}}{\/tex}<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span class=\"math-tex\">{tex}\\frac{9}{{13}}{\/tex}<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"question-list\" style=\"clear: both;\">\n<div class=\"question-container\">\n<div class=\"question-text\">\n<p>An insurance company insured 2000 scooter drivers, 4000 car drivers and 6000 truck drivers. The probability of an accidents are 0.01, 0.03 and 0.15 respectively. One of the insured persons meets with an accident. What is the probability that he is a scooter driver?<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<div>\n<div>\n<ol style=\"list-style-type: lower-alpha;\" start=\"1\">\n<li><span class=\"math-tex\">{tex}\\frac{1}{{52}}{\/tex}<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span class=\"math-tex\">{tex}\\frac{3}{{52}}{\/tex}<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span class=\"math-tex\">{tex}\\frac{5}{{52}}{\/tex}<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span class=\"math-tex\">{tex}\\frac{1}{4}{\/tex}<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"question-list\" style=\"clear: both;\">\n<div class=\"question-container\">\n<div class=\"question-text\">\n<p>In a box containing 100 bulbs, 10 are defective. The probability that out of a sample of 5 bulbs, none is defective is<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<div>\n<div>\n<ol style=\"list-style-type: lower-alpha;\" start=\"1\">\n<li><span class=\"math-tex\">{tex}{\\left( {\\frac{1}{2}} \\right)^5}{\/tex}<\/span><\/li>\n<li>0.1<\/li>\n<li><span class=\"math-tex\">{tex}\\frac{9}{{10}}{\/tex}<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span class=\"math-tex\">{tex}{\\left( {\\frac{9}{{10}}} \\right)^5}{\/tex}<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"question-list\" style=\"clear: both;\">\n<div class=\"question-container\">\n<div class=\"question-text\">\n<p>There are three coins. One is a two headed coin (having head on both faces), another is a biased coin that comes up heads 75% of the time and third is an unbiased coin. One of the three coins is chosen at random and tossed, it shows heads, what is the probability that it was the two headed coin?<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<div>\n<div>\n<ol style=\"list-style-type: lower-alpha;\" start=\"1\">\n<li><span class=\"math-tex\">{tex}\\frac{4}{9}{\/tex}<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span class=\"math-tex\">{tex}\\frac{5}{9}{\/tex}<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span class=\"math-tex\">{tex}\\frac{1}{9}{\/tex}<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span class=\"math-tex\">{tex}\\frac{2}{{9\\;}}{\/tex}<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>The possibility of having 53 Thursdays in a non-leap year is ________.<\/li>\n<li>A pot has 2 white, 6 black, 4 grey and 8 green balls. If one ball is picked randomly from the pot, the probability of it being black or green is ______.<\/li>\n<li>If A and B&#8217; are independent events then P(A&#8217; <span class=\"math-tex\">{tex} \\cup {\/tex}<\/span>\u00a0B) = 1 &#8211; ________.<\/li>\n<li class=\"question-list\" style=\"clear: both;\">\n<div class=\"question-container\">\n<div class=\"question-text\">\n<p>If each element of a second order determinant is either zero or one, what is the probability that the value of the determinant is positive? (Assume that the individual entries of the determinant are chosen independently, each value being assumed with probability <span class=\"math-tex\">{tex}\\frac{1}{2}{\/tex}<\/span>).<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"question-list\" style=\"clear: both;\">\n<div class=\"question-container\">\n<div class=\"question-text\">\n<p>Two natural numbers r, s are drawn one at a time, without replacement from the set S = {1, 2, 3,&#8230;., n}. Find <span class=\"math-tex\">{tex}P[r \\leqslant p|s \\leqslant p]{\/tex}<\/span>, where <span class=\"math-tex\">{tex}p \\in S{\/tex}<\/span>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"question-list\" style=\"clear: both;\">\n<div class=\"question-container\">\n<div class=\"question-text\">\n<p>Evaluate <span class=\"math-tex\">{tex}{P\\left( {A \\cap B} \\right)}{\/tex}<\/span> if 2P(A) = P (B) = <span class=\"math-tex\">{tex}\\frac{5}{{13}}{\/tex}<\/span> and <span class=\"math-tex\">{tex}P\\left( {A|B} \\right) = \\frac{2}{5}{\/tex}<\/span>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"question-list\" style=\"clear: both;\">\n<div class=\"question-container\">\n<div class=\"question-text\">\n<p>A die, whose faces are marked 1, 2, 3 in red and 4, 5, 6 in green, is tossed. Let A be the event &#8220;number obtained is even&#8221; and B be the event &#8220;number obtained is red&#8221;. Find if A and B are independent events.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"question-list\" style=\"clear: both;\">\n<div class=\"question-container\">\n<div class=\"question-text\">\n<p>Prove that if E and F are independent events, then the events E and F&#8217; are also independent.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"question-list\" style=\"clear: both;\">\n<div class=\"question-container\">\n<div class=\"question-text\">\n<p>A factory produces bulbs. The probability that any one bulb is defective is <span class=\"math-tex\">{tex}\\frac{1}{{50}}{\/tex}<\/span> and they are packed in boxes of 10. From a single box, find the probability that<\/p>\n<ol style=\"list-style-type: lower-roman;\" start=\"1\">\n<li>none of the bulbs is defective<\/li>\n<li>exactly two bulbs are defective<\/li>\n<li>more than 8 bulbs work properly<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"question-list\" style=\"clear: both;\">\n<div class=\"question-container\">\n<div class=\"question-text\">\n<p>There are two bags, one of which contains 3 black and 4 white balls while the other contains 4 black and 3 white balls. A die is thrown. If it shows up 1 or 3, a ball is taken from the 1st bag; but it shows up any other number, a ball is chosen from the second bag. Find the probability of choosing a black ball.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"question-list\" style=\"clear: both;\">\n<div class=\"question-container\">\n<div class=\"question-text\">\n<p>A black and a red die are rolled.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"list-style-type: lower-alpha;\" start=\"1\">\n<li>Find the conditional probability of obtaining a sum greater than 9, given that the black die resulted in a 5.<\/li>\n<li>Find the conditional probability of obtaining the sum 8, given that the red die resulted in a number less than 4.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"question-list\" style=\"clear: both;\">\n<div class=\"question-container\">\n<div class=\"question-text\">\n<p>An insurance company insured 2000 scooter drivers, 4000 car drivers and 6000 truck drivers. The probability of accidents is 0.01, 0.03 and 0.15 respectively. One of the insured persons meet with an accident what is the probability that he is scooter driver.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"question-list\" style=\"clear: both;\">\n<div class=\"question-container\">\n<div class=\"question-text\">\n<p>There are 5 cards numbered 1 to 5, one number on one card. Two cards are drawn at random without replacement. Let X denote the sum of the numbers on two cards drawn. Find the mean and variance of X.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"page-break-before: always; text-align: center;\"><strong>Chapter 13 Probability<\/strong><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p class=\"center\" style=\"clear: both; text-align: center;\"><b>Solution<\/b><\/p>\n<ol style=\"padding-left: 20px;\">\n<li class=\"question-list\" style=\"clear: both;\">\n<ol style=\"margin-top: 5px; padding-left: 15px; list-style-type: lower-alpha;\" start=\"2\" type=\"a\">\n<li><span class=\"math-tex\">{tex}\\frac{{45}}{{512}}{\/tex}<\/span><br \/>\n<strong>Explanation:<\/strong> Here , probability of getting a spade from a deck of 52 cards = 13\/52 =<span class=\"math-tex\">{tex}\\frac{1}{4}{\/tex}<\/span>, p = <span class=\"math-tex\">{tex}\\frac{1}{4}{\/tex}<\/span>, q =<span class=\"math-tex\">{tex}\\frac{3}{4}{\/tex}<\/span>. let , x is the number of spades , then x has the binomial distribution with n = 5 , p = <span class=\"math-tex\">{tex}\\frac{1}{4}{\/tex}<\/span>, q =<span class=\"math-tex\">{tex}\\frac{3}{4}{\/tex}<\/span>.<br \/>\nP( only 3 cards are spades) =P (x = 3) =<span class=\"math-tex\">{tex}{}^5{C_3}{\\left( {\\frac{3}{4}} \\right)^{5 &#8211; 3}}{\\left( {\\frac{1}{4}} \\right)^3} = \\frac{{45}}{{512}}{\/tex}<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"question-list\" style=\"clear: both;\">\n<ol style=\"margin-top: 5px; padding-left: 15px; list-style-type: lower-alpha;\" start=\"3\" type=\"a\">\n<li><span class=\"math-tex\">{tex}\\frac{{12}}{{13}}{\/tex}<\/span><br \/>\n<strong>Explanation:<\/strong> Let E<sub>1<\/sub> and E<sub>2<\/sub>\u00a0are events that the student knows the answer and the student guesses respectively. <span class=\"math-tex\">{tex}P({{E}_{1}})=\\frac{3}{4},P({{E}_{2}})=\\frac{1}{4}{\/tex}<\/span> .<br \/>\nLet A = event that the student answers correctly.<br \/>\n<span class=\"math-tex\">{tex}P({{E}_{1}})=\\frac{3}{4},P({{E}_{2}})=\\frac{1}{4}{\/tex}<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"math-tex\">{tex}P(A\/{{E}_{1}})=1{\/tex}<\/span>(as it is sure event)<br \/>\n<span class=\"math-tex\">{tex}P(A\/{{E}_{2}})=\\frac{1}{4}{\/tex}<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"math-tex\">{tex}P({{E}_{1}}\/A)=\\frac{P({{E}_{1}}).P(A\/{{E}_{1}})}{P({{E}_{1}}).P(A\/{{E}_{1}})+P({{E}_{2}}).P(A\/{{E}_{2}})}{\/tex}<\/span><span class=\"math-tex\">{tex}=\\frac{\\frac{3}{4}}{\\frac{3}{4}+\\frac{1}{16}}=\\frac{12}{13}{\/tex}<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"question-list\" style=\"clear: both;\">\n<ol style=\"margin-top: 5px; padding-left: 15px;\" type=\"a\">\n<li><span class=\"math-tex\">{tex}\\frac{1}{{52}}{\/tex}<\/span><br \/>\n<strong>Explanation:<\/strong> Let E<sub>1<\/sub>, E<sub>2<\/sub> and E<sub>3<\/sub> are events of selection of a scooter driver, car driver and truck driver respectively.<br \/>\n<span class=\"math-tex\">{tex}\\therefore P({{E}_{1}})=\\frac{2000}{12000}=\\frac{1}{6},P({{E}_{2}})=\\frac{4000}{12000}=\\frac{1}{3},P({{E}_{3}})=\\frac{6000}{12000}=\\frac{1}{2}{\/tex}<\/span>.<br \/>\nLet A = event that the insured person meet with the accident.<br \/>\n<span class=\"math-tex\">{tex}\\therefore{\/tex}<\/span> P(A|E<sub>1<\/sub> ) = 0.01 , P(A|E<sub>2<\/sub>) = 0.03, P(A|E<sub>3<\/sub> ) = 0.15<br \/>\n<span class=\"math-tex\">{tex}\\Rightarrow{\/tex}<\/span> P(E<sub>1<\/sub>|A) = <span class=\"math-tex\">{tex}\\frac{{P({E_1})P(A|{E_1})}}{{P({E_1})P(A|{E_1}) + P({E_2})P(A|{E_2}) + P({E_3})P(A|{E_3})}}{\/tex}<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"math-tex\">{tex} = \\frac{{\\frac{1}{6} \\times 0.01}}{{\\frac{1}{6} \\times 0.01 + \\frac{1}{3} \\times 0.03 + \\frac{1}{2} \\times 0.15}} = \\frac{1}{{52}}{\/tex}<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"question-list\" style=\"clear: both;\">\n<ol style=\"margin-top: 5px; padding-left: 15px; list-style-type: lower-alpha;\" start=\"4\" type=\"a\">\n<li><span class=\"math-tex\">{tex}{\\left( {\\frac{9}{{10}}} \\right)^5}{\/tex}<\/span><br \/>\n<strong>Explanation:<\/strong> Probability of defective bulbs = p = <span class=\"math-tex\">{tex}\\frac{10}{100}=\\frac{1}{10}{\/tex}<\/span><br \/>\nProbability of non defective bulb = q = <span class=\"math-tex\">{tex}1-\\frac{1}{10}=\\frac{9}{10}{\/tex}<\/span><br \/>\nLet x be the number of defective bulbs .<br \/>\nTherefore , x is the binomial distribution with n = 5 , p =<span class=\"math-tex\">{tex}\\frac{1}{10}{\/tex}<\/span>, q = <span class=\"math-tex\">{tex}\\frac{9}{10}{\/tex}<\/span>.<br \/>\nRequired probability = P (x = 0) = <span class=\"math-tex\">{tex} = {}^5{C_0}{\\left( {\\frac{9}{{10}}} \\right)^5}{\\left( {\\frac{1}{{10}}} \\right)^0} = {\\left( {\\frac{9}{{10}}} \\right)^5}{\/tex}<\/span>.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"question-list\" style=\"clear: both;\">\n<ol style=\"margin-top: 5px; padding-left: 15px;\" type=\"a\">\n<li><span class=\"math-tex\">{tex}\\frac{4}{9}{\/tex}<\/span><br \/>\nExplanation: Let E<sub>1<\/sub>, E<sub>2<\/sub> and E<sub>3 <\/sub>and are events of selection of a two headed coin , biased coin and unbiased coin respectively.<br \/>\n<span class=\"math-tex\">{tex}\\therefore P({{E}_{1}})=P({{E}_{2}})=P({{E}_{2}})=\\frac{1}{3}.{\/tex}<\/span><br \/>\nLet A = event of getting head.<br \/>\n<span class=\"math-tex\">{tex}\\ P(A\/{{E}_{1}})=1,P(A\/{{E}_{2}})=\\frac{3}{4},P(A\/{{E}_{3}})=\\frac{1}{2}.\\\\\\ P({{E}_{1}}\/A)=\\frac{P(A\/{{E}_{1}}).P({{E}_{1}})}{P(A\/{{E}_{1}}).P({{E}_{1}})+P(A\/{{E}_{2}}).P({{E}_{2}})+P(A\/{{E}_{3}}).P({{E}_{3}})}{\/tex}<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"math-tex\">{tex}\\\\=\\frac{\\frac{1}{3}.1}{\\frac{1}{3}.1+\\frac{1}{3}.\\frac{3}{4}+\\frac{1}{3}\\frac{1}{2}}\\\\=\\frac{4}{9}{\/tex}<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<li><span class=\"math-tex\">{tex}\\frac{1}{7}{\/tex}<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span class=\"math-tex\">{tex}\\frac{7}{10}{\/tex}<\/span><\/li>\n<li>P(A) P(B&#8217;)<\/li>\n<li class=\"question-list\" style=\"clear: both;\">There are four entries in a determinant of <span class=\"math-tex\">{tex}2 \\times 2{\/tex}<\/span> order. Each entry may be filled up in two ways with 0 or 1.<br \/>\n<span class=\"math-tex\">{tex}\\therefore {\/tex}<\/span> Number of determinants that can be formed = 2<sup>4<\/sup> = 16<br \/>\nThe value of determinants is positive in the following cases:<br \/>\n<span class=\"math-tex\">{tex}\\left| {\\begin{array}{*{20}{c}} 1&amp;0 \\\\ 0&amp;1 \\end{array}} \\right|,\\left| {\\begin{array}{*{20}{c}} 1&amp;0 \\\\ 1&amp;1 \\end{array}} \\right|,\\left| {\\begin{array}{*{20}{c}} 1&amp;1 \\\\ 0&amp;1 \\end{array}} \\right| = 3{\/tex}<\/span><br \/>\nTherefore, the probability that the determinant is positive <span class=\"math-tex\">{tex} = \\frac{3}{{16}}{\/tex}<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"question-list\" style=\"clear: both;\"><span class=\"math-tex\">{tex}\\because {\/tex}<\/span> Set S = {1, 2, 3,&#8230;&#8230;., n}<br \/>\n<span class=\"math-tex\">{tex}\\therefore P(r \\leqslant p|s \\leqslant p) = \\frac{{P(p \\cap S)}}{{P(S)}}{\/tex}<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"math-tex\">{tex}\\therefore P\\left( {\\frac{{r \\leqslant p}}{{s \\leqslant p}}} \\right) = \\frac{{P\\left( {p \\cap S} \\right)}}{{P(S)}}{\/tex}<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"math-tex\">{tex} = \\frac{{p &#8211; 1}}{n} \\times \\frac{n}{{n &#8211; 1}} = \\frac{{p &#8211; 1}}{{n &#8211; 1}}{\/tex}<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"question-list\" style=\"clear: both;\">Given: 2 P (A) = P (B) = <span class=\"math-tex\">{tex}\\frac{5}{{13}}{\/tex}<\/span>, <span class=\"math-tex\">{tex}P\\left( {A|B} \\right) = \\frac{2}{5}{\/tex}<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"math-tex\">{tex}\\therefore {\/tex}<\/span> P (A) = <span class=\"math-tex\">{tex}\\frac{5}{{26}}{\/tex}<\/span><br \/>\nNow, <span class=\"math-tex\">{tex}P\\left( {A \\cap B} \\right) = P\\left( {B|A} \\right){\/tex}<\/span> . P (B) = <span class=\"math-tex\">{tex}\\frac{2}{5} \\times \\frac{5}{{13}} = \\frac{2}{{13}}{\/tex}<\/span><br \/>\nand <span class=\"math-tex\">{tex}P\\left( {A \\cup B} \\right){\/tex}<\/span> = P(A) + P (B) \u2013 <span class=\"math-tex\">{tex}P\\left( {A \\cap B} \\right){\/tex}<\/span> = <span class=\"math-tex\">{tex}\\frac{5}{{26}} + \\frac{5}{{13}} &#8211; \\frac{2}{{13}} = \\frac{{11}}{{26}}{\/tex}<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"question-list\" style=\"clear: both;\">When a die is thrown, the sample space is<br \/>\nS = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}<br \/>\n<span class=\"math-tex\">{tex} \\Rightarrow {\/tex}<\/span> n(S) = 6<br \/>\nAlso, A : number is even and B : number Is red<br \/>\n<span class=\"math-tex\">{tex}\\therefore{\/tex}<\/span> A = {2, 4, 6} and B = {1, 2, 3} and A<span class=\"math-tex\">{tex}\\cap{\/tex}<\/span>B = {2}<br \/>\n<span class=\"math-tex\">{tex} \\Rightarrow {\/tex}<\/span> n(A) = 3, n (B) = 3 and n(A<span class=\"math-tex\">{tex}\\cap{\/tex}<\/span>B) = 1<br \/>\nNow, P(A) = <span class=\"math-tex\">{tex}\\frac { n ( A ) } { n ( S ) } = \\frac { 3 } { 6 } = \\frac { 1 } { 2 }{\/tex}<\/span><br \/>\nP(B) =<span class=\"math-tex\">{tex}\\frac { n ( B ) } { n ( S ) } = \\frac { 3 } { 6 } = \\frac { 1 } { 2 }{\/tex}<\/span><br \/>\nand P(A<span class=\"math-tex\">{tex}\\cap{\/tex}<\/span>B) = <span class=\"math-tex\">{tex}\\frac { n ( A \\cap B ) } { n ( S ) } = \\frac { 1 } { 6 }{\/tex}<\/span><br \/>\nNow, P(A) <span class=\"math-tex\">{tex}\\times{\/tex}<\/span> P(B) = <span class=\"math-tex\">{tex}\\frac { 1 } { 2 } \\times \\frac { 1 } { 2 }{\/tex}<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"math-tex\">{tex}= \\frac { 1 } { 4 } \\neq \\frac { 1 } { 6 } = P ( A \\cap B ){\/tex}<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"math-tex\">{tex}\\therefore \\quad P ( A \\cap B ) \\neq P ( A ) \\times P ( B ){\/tex}<\/span><br \/>\nThus, A and B are not independent events.<\/li>\n<li class=\"question-list\" style=\"clear: both;\">We have to prove that if E and F are independent events, then the events E and F&#8217; are also independent.<br \/>\nGiven, E and F are independent events, therefore<br \/>\n<span class=\"math-tex\">{tex}\\Rightarrow{\/tex}<\/span> P(E<span class=\"math-tex\">{tex}\\cap{\/tex}<\/span>F) = P(E ) P(F) &#8230;.. ( i)<br \/>\nNow, we have,<br \/>\nP(E<span class=\"math-tex\">{tex}\\cap{\/tex}<\/span>F&#8217;) + P(E <span class=\"math-tex\">{tex}\\cap{\/tex}<\/span>F ) = P (E)<br \/>\n<span class=\"math-tex\">{tex}\\Rightarrow{\/tex}<\/span> P(E <span class=\"math-tex\">{tex}\\cap{\/tex}<\/span>F&#8217;) = P(E ) &#8211; P(E<span class=\"math-tex\">{tex}\\cap{\/tex}<\/span>F)<br \/>\n<span class=\"math-tex\">{tex}\\Rightarrow{\/tex}<\/span> P(E <span class=\"math-tex\">{tex}\\cap{\/tex}<\/span>F&#8217;) = P(E) &#8211; P(E )P(F) [using Eq.1] <span class=\"math-tex\">{tex}\\Rightarrow{\/tex}<\/span>P (E <span class=\"math-tex\">{tex}\\cap{\/tex}<\/span>F &#8216;) = P(E ) [l &#8211; P (F )]\n<span class=\"math-tex\">{tex}\\Rightarrow{\/tex}<\/span> P(E <span class=\"math-tex\">{tex}\\cap{\/tex}<\/span> F &#8216;) = P(E )P(F&#8217;)<br \/>\n<span class=\"math-tex\">{tex}\\therefore{\/tex}<\/span> E and F &#8216;are also independent events.<\/li>\n<li class=\"question-list\" style=\"clear: both;\">Let X is the random variable which denotes that a bulb is defective.<br \/>\nAlso, n = 10, <span class=\"math-tex\">{tex}p = \\frac{1}{{50}}{\/tex}<\/span> and <span class=\"math-tex\">{tex}q = \\frac{{49}}{{50}}{\/tex}<\/span> and <span class=\"math-tex\">{tex}P(X = r){ = ^n}{C_r }{p^r}{q^{n &#8211; r }}{\/tex}<\/span><\/p>\n<ol style=\"list-style-type: lower-roman;\" start=\"1\">\n<li>None of the bulbs are defective i.e., r = 0<br \/>\n<span class=\"math-tex\">{tex}\\therefore P(X = r) = {P_{(0)}}{ = ^{10}}{C_0}{\\left( {\\frac{1}{{50}}} \\right)^0}{\\left( {\\frac{{49}}{{50}}} \\right)^{10 &#8211; 0}} = {\\left( {\\frac{{49}}{{50}}} \\right)^{10}}{\/tex}<\/span><\/li>\n<li>Exactly two bulbs are defective i.e., r = 2<br \/>\n<span class=\"math-tex\">{tex}\\therefore P(X = r) = {P_{(2)}}{ = ^{10}}{C_2}{\\left( {\\frac{1}{{50}}} \\right)^2}{\\left( {\\frac{{49}}{{50}}} \\right)^8}{\/tex}<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"math-tex\">{tex} = \\frac{{10!}}{{8!2!}}{\\left( {\\frac{1}{{50}}} \\right)^2} \\cdot {\\left( {\\frac{{49}}{{50}}} \\right)^8} = 45 \\times {\\left( {\\frac{1}{{50}}} \\right)^{10}} \\times {(49)^8}{\/tex}<\/span><\/li>\n<li>More than 8 bulbs work properly i.e., there is less than 2 bulbs which are defective.<br \/>\nSo, <span class=\"math-tex\">{tex}r &lt; 2 \\Rightarrow r = 0,1{\/tex}<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"math-tex\">{tex}\\therefore {\/tex}<\/span> P(X = r) = P(r &lt; 2) = P(0) + P(1)<br \/>\n<span class=\"math-tex\">{tex}{ = ^{10}}{C_0}{\\left( {\\frac{1}{{50}}} \\right)^0}{\\left( {\\frac{{49}}{{50}}} \\right)^{10 &#8211; 0}}{ + ^{10}}{C_1}{\\left( {\\frac{1}{{50}}} \\right)^1}{\\left( {\\frac{{49}}{{50}}} \\right)^{10 &#8211; 1}}{\/tex}<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"math-tex\">{tex} = {\\left( {\\frac{{49}}{{50}}} \\right)^{10}} + \\frac{{10!}}{{1!9!}} \\cdot \\frac{1}{{50}} \\cdot {\\left( {\\frac{{49}}{{50}}} \\right)^9}{\/tex}<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"math-tex\">{tex} = {\\left( {\\frac{{49}}{{50}}} \\right)^{10}} + \\frac{1}{5} \\cdot {\\left( {\\frac{{49}}{{50}}} \\right)^9} = {\\left( {\\frac{{49}}{{50}}} \\right)^9}\\left( {\\frac{{49}}{{50}} + \\frac{1}{5}} \\right){\/tex}<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"math-tex\">{tex} = {\\left( {\\frac{{49}}{{50}}} \\right)^9}\\left( {\\frac{{59}}{{50}}} \\right) = \\frac{{59{{(49)}^9}}}{{{{(50)}^{10}}}}{\/tex}<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"question-list\" style=\"clear: both;\">Since Bag I = {3 black, 4 white balls}, Bag II = {4 black, 3 white balls}<br \/>\nLet E<sub>1 <\/sub>be the event that bag I is selected and E<sub>2<\/sub>be the event that bag II is selected.<br \/>\nLet E<sub>3 <\/sub>be the event that black ball is chosen.<br \/>\n<span class=\"math-tex\">{tex}\\therefore P({E_1}) = \\frac{1}{6} + \\frac{1}{6} = \\frac{1}{3}{\/tex}<\/span> and <span class=\"math-tex\">{tex}P({E_2}) = 1 &#8211; \\frac{1}{3} = \\frac{2}{3}{\/tex}<\/span><br \/>\nAnd <span class=\"math-tex\">{tex}P\\left( {\\frac{{{E_3}}}{{{E_1}}}} \\right) = \\frac{3}{7}{\/tex}<\/span> and <span class=\"math-tex\">{tex}P\\left( {\\frac{{{E_3}}}{{{E_2}}}} \\right) = \\frac{4}{7}{\/tex}<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"math-tex\">{tex}\\therefore P({E_3}) = P({E_1}) \\cdot P\\left( {\\frac{{{E_3}}}{{{E_1}}}} \\right) + P({E_2}) \\cdot P\\left( {\\frac{{{E_3}}}{{{E_2}}}} \\right){\/tex}<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"math-tex\">{tex} = \\frac{1}{3} \\cdot \\frac{3}{7} + \\frac{2}{3} \\cdot \\frac{4}{7} = \\frac{{11}}{{21}}{\/tex}<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"question-list\" style=\"clear: both;\">\n<ol style=\"list-style-type: lower-alpha;\" start=\"1\">\n<li>n(s) = 6 <span class=\"math-tex\">{tex} \\times {\/tex}<\/span> 6 = 36<br \/>\nLet A represents obtaining a sum greater than 9 and B represents black die resulted in a 5.<br \/>\nA = (46, 64, 55, 36, 63, 45, 54, 65, 56, 66) <span class=\"math-tex\">{tex} \\Rightarrow {\/tex}<\/span> n(A) = 10<br \/>\nP (A) = B = (51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56) <span class=\"math-tex\">{tex} \\Rightarrow {\/tex}<\/span> n(B) = 6P (B) = <span class=\"math-tex\">{tex}\\frac{{n\\left( B \\right)}}{{n\\left( S \\right)}} = \\frac{6}{{36}}{\/tex}<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"math-tex\">{tex}A \\cap B{\/tex}<\/span> = (55, 56) <span class=\"math-tex\">{tex} \\Rightarrow {\/tex}<\/span> <span class=\"math-tex\">{tex}n\\left( {A \\cap B} \\right){\/tex}<\/span> = 2<br \/>\n<span class=\"math-tex\">{tex}P(A \\cap B) = \\frac{2}{{36}}{\/tex}<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"math-tex\">{tex}P\\left( {A|B} \\right) = \\frac{{P\\left( {A \\cap B} \\right)}}{{P\\left( B \\right)}} = \\frac{{\\frac{2}{{36}}}}{{\\frac{6}{{36}}}} = \\frac{2}{6} = \\frac{1}{3}{\/tex}<\/span><\/li>\n<li>Let A denote the sum is 8<br \/>\n<span class=\"math-tex\">{tex}\\therefore {\/tex}<\/span> A = {(2, 6). (3, 5), (4, 4), (5, 3), (6, 2)}<br \/>\nB = Red die results in a number less than 4, either first or second die is red<br \/>\n<span class=\"math-tex\">{tex}\\therefore {\/tex}<\/span> B = {(1, 1), (1, 2), (1, 3), (1, 4), (1, 5), (1, 6), (2, 1), (2, 2), (2, 3), (2, 4), (2, 5), (2, 6), (3, 1), (3, 2), (3, 3), (3, 4), (3, 5), (3, 6)}<br \/>\nP (B) = <span class=\"math-tex\">{tex}\\frac{{n\\left( B \\right)}}{{n\\left( S \\right)}} = \\frac{{18}}{{36}} = \\frac{1}{2}{\/tex}<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"math-tex\">{tex}A \\cap B{\/tex}<\/span> = {(2, 6), (3, 5) <span class=\"math-tex\">{tex} \\Rightarrow n\\left( {A \\cap B} \\right) = 2{\/tex}<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"math-tex\">{tex}P\\left( {A \\cap B} \\right){\/tex}<\/span> = <span class=\"math-tex\">{tex}\\frac{2}{{36}} = \\frac{1}{{18}}{\/tex}<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"math-tex\">{tex}P\\left( {A|B} \\right) = \\frac{{P\\left( {A \\cap B} \\right)}}{{P\\left( B \\right)}} = \\frac{{\\frac{1}{{18}}}}{{\\frac{1}{2}}} = \\frac{2}{{18}} = \\frac{1}{9}{\/tex}<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"question-list\" style=\"clear: both;\">E<sub>1<\/sub> : Insured person is a scooter driver<br \/>\nE<sub>2 <\/sub>: Insured person is a car driver<br \/>\nE<sub>3<\/sub> : Insured person is a truck driver<br \/>\n<span class=\"math-tex\">{tex}P({E_1}) = \\frac{{2000}}{{2000 + 4000 + 6000}} = \\frac{{2000}}{{12000}} = \\frac{1}{6}{\/tex}<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"math-tex\">{tex}P({E_2}) = \\frac{1}{3}{\/tex}<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"math-tex\">{tex}P({E_3}) = \\frac{1}{2}{\/tex}<\/span><br \/>\nLet A insured per son meets with an accident<br \/>\n<span class=\"math-tex\">{tex}P\\left( {\\frac{A}{{{E_1}}}} \\right) = 0.01 = \\frac{1}{{100}}{\/tex}<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"math-tex\">{tex}P\\left( {\\frac{A}{{{E_2}}}} \\right) = 0.03 = \\frac{3}{{100}}{\/tex}<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"math-tex\">{tex}P\\left( {\\frac{A}{{{E_3}}}} \\right) = 0.15 = \\frac{{15}}{{100}}{\/tex}<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"math-tex\">{tex}P\\left( {\\frac{A}{{{E_1}}}} \\right) = \\frac{{P({E_1})P\\left( {\\frac{A}{{{E_1}}}} \\right)}}{{P({E_1})P\\left( {\\frac{A}{{{E_1}}}} \\right) + P({E_2})P\\left( {\\frac{A}{{{E_2}}}} \\right) + P({E_3})P\\left( {\\frac{A}{{{E_3}}}} \\right)}}{\/tex}<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"math-tex\">{tex} = \\frac{{\\frac{1}{6} \\times \\frac{1}{{100}}}}{{\\frac{1}{6} \\times \\frac{1}{{100}} + \\frac{1}{3} \\times \\frac{3}{{100}} + \\frac{1}{2} \\times \\frac{{15}}{{100}}}}{\/tex}<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"math-tex\">{tex} = \\frac{1}{{52}}{\/tex}<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"question-list\" style=\"clear: both;\">Here, S = {(1, 2), (2, 1), (1, 3), (3, 1), (2, 3), (3, 2), (1, 4), (4, 1), (1, 5), (5, 1), (2, 4), (4, 2), (2, 5), (5, 2), (3, 4), (4, 3), (3, 5), (5, 3), (5, 4), (4, 5)}<br \/>\n<span class=\"math-tex\">{tex} \\Rightarrow n(S) = 20{\/tex}<\/span><br \/>\nLet random variable be X which denotes the sum of the numbers on two cards drawn.<br \/>\n<span class=\"math-tex\">{tex}\\therefore {\/tex}<\/span> X = 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9<br \/>\nAt X = 3, P(X) <span class=\"math-tex\">{tex} = \\frac{2}{{20}} = \\frac{1}{{10}}{\/tex}<\/span><br \/>\nAt X = 4, P(X) <span class=\"math-tex\">{tex} = \\frac{2}{{20}} = \\frac{1}{{10}}{\/tex}<\/span><br \/>\nAt X = 5, P(X) <span class=\"math-tex\">{tex} = \\frac{4}{{20}} = \\frac{1}{5}{\/tex}<\/span><br \/>\nAt X = 6, P(X) <span class=\"math-tex\">{tex} = \\frac{4}{{20}} = \\frac{1}{5}{\/tex}<\/span><br \/>\nAt X = 7, P(X) <span class=\"math-tex\">{tex} = \\frac{4}{{20}} = \\frac{1}{5}{\/tex}<\/span><br \/>\nAt X = 8, P(X) <span class=\"math-tex\">{tex} = \\frac{2}{{20}} = \\frac{{1}}{5}{\/tex}<\/span><br \/>\nAt X = 9, P(X), <span class=\"math-tex\">{tex} = \\frac{2}{{20}} = \\frac{1}{{10}}{\/tex}<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"math-tex\">{tex}\\therefore {\/tex}<\/span> Mean, E(X) <span class=\"math-tex\">{tex} = \\sum {XP(X)} = \\frac{3}{{10}} + \\frac{4}{{10}} + \\frac{5}{5} + \\frac{6}{5} + \\frac{7}{5} + \\frac{8}{{10}} + \\frac{9}{{10}}{\/tex}<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"math-tex\">{tex} = \\frac{{3 + 4 + 10 + 12 + 14 + 8 + 9}}{{10}} = 6{\/tex}<\/span><br \/>\nAlso, <span class=\"math-tex\">{tex}\\sum {{X^2}P(X)} = \\frac{9}{{10}} + \\frac{{16}}{{10}} + \\frac{{25}}{5} + \\frac{{36}}{5} + \\frac{{49}}{5} + \\frac{{64}}{{10}} + \\frac{{81}}{{10}}{\/tex}<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"math-tex\">{tex} = \\frac{{9 + 16 + 50 + 72 + 98 + 64 + 81}}{{10}} = 39{\/tex}<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"math-tex\">{tex}\\therefore Var(X) = \\sum {{X^2}P(X) &#8211; {{\\left[ {\\sum {XP(X)} } \\right]}^2}} {\/tex}<\/span><br \/>\n= 39 &#8211; (6)<sup>2<\/sup> = 39 &#8211; 36 = 3<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2>Chapter Wise Important Questions Class 12 Maths Part I and Part II<\/h2>\n<ol>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/blog\/relations-and-functions-extra-questions-for-class-12-mathematics\/\">Relations and Functions<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/blog\/class-12-maths-inverse-trigonometric-functions-important-questions\/\">Inverse Trigonometric Functions<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/blog\/cbse-class-12-chapter-3-matrices-extra-questions\/\">Matrices<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/blog\/cbse-important-questions-class-12-mathematics-determinants\/\">Determinants<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/blog\/continuity-and-differentiability-class-12-mathematics-extra-question\/\">Continuity and Differentiability<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/blog\/class-12-maths-application-of-derivatives-extra-questions\/\">Application of Derivatives<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/blog\/integrals-class-12-mathematics-chapter-7-important-question\/\">Integrals<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/blog\/cbse-class-12-maths-important-questions-application-of-integrals\/\">Application of Integrals<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/blog\/differential-equations-class-12-mathematics-extra-questions\/\">Differential Equations<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/blog\/cbse-class-12-mathematics-vector-algebra-extra-questions\/\">Vector Algebra<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/blog\/three-dimensional-geometry-class-12-maths-important-questions\/\">Three Dimensional Geometry<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/blog\/linear-programming-class-12-mathematics-important-questions\/\">Linear Programming<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/blog\/chapter-12-probability-class-12-mathematics-important-questions\/\">Probability<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Chapter 12 Probability Class 12 Mathematics Important Questions. myCBSEguide has just released Chapter Wise Question Answers for class 12 Maths. There chapter wise Practice Questions with complete solutions are available for download in\u00a0myCBSEguide\u00a0website and mobile app. These Questions with solution are prepared by our team of expert teachers who are teaching grade in CBSE schools &#8230; <a title=\"Chapter 12 Probability Class 12 Mathematics Important Questions\" class=\"read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/blog\/chapter-12-probability-class-12-mathematics-important-questions\/\" aria-label=\"More on Chapter 12 Probability Class 12 Mathematics Important Questions\">Read 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