{"id":13629,"date":"2023-03-09T12:28:37","date_gmt":"2023-03-09T06:58:37","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/blog\/?p=13629"},"modified":"2025-10-09T16:54:29","modified_gmt":"2025-10-09T11:24:29","slug":"cbse-sample-papers-class-12-political-science","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/blog\/cbse-sample-papers-class-12-political-science\/","title":{"rendered":"CBSE Sample Papers Class 12 Political Science 2025"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_76 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 eztoc-toggle-hide-by-default' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/blog\/cbse-sample-papers-class-12-political-science\/#CBSE_Sample_Papers_Class_12_Political_Science_2025\" >CBSE Sample Papers Class 12 Political Science 2025<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/blog\/cbse-sample-papers-class-12-political-science\/#Sample_paper_of_Political_Science_Class_12_%E2%80%93_in_PDF\" >Sample paper of Political Science Class 12 \u2013 in PDF<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/blog\/cbse-sample-papers-class-12-political-science\/#CBSE_Sample_Papers_Class_12_Political_Science_2025-2\" >CBSE Sample Papers Class 12 Political Science 2025<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/blog\/cbse-sample-papers-class-12-political-science\/#Sample_Papers_for_Class_12_%E2%80%93_2025\" >Sample Papers for Class 12 &#8211; 2025<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"CBSE_Sample_Papers_Class_12_Political_Science_2025\"><\/span>CBSE Sample Papers Class 12 Political Science 2025<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Prepare for the <strong>CBSE <a href=\"https:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/blog\/ncert-solutions-for-class-12\/#google_vignette\">Class 12<\/a> Political Science 2025<\/strong> exam with <strong>free sample papers<\/strong> available on the <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/\">myCBSEguide<\/a> app and <a href=\"https:\/\/play.google.com\/store\/search?q=examin8&amp;c=apps\">Examin8<\/a> app<\/strong>. These sample papers are designed to help students understand the exam pattern, improve problem-solving skills, and boost exam readiness. Each <strong>CBSE <a href=\"https:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/cbse-sample-papers-class-12.html\">Class 12<\/a> Political Science 2025 sample paper<\/strong> comes with <strong>100% solved questions<\/strong>, a detailed <strong>marking scheme<\/strong>, and an accurate <strong>blueprint<\/strong> for the exam. This comprehensive resource allows students to practice efficiently and focus on areas that need improvement. By practicing with these sample papers, students can familiarize themselves with the <strong>CBSE Political Science exam format<\/strong> and confidently approach their board exams. Download the <strong>myCBSEguide app<\/strong> now and get started with your <strong>CBSE Class 12 Political Science 2025<\/strong> preparation!<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/media-mycbseguide.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com\/images\/blog\/12_politicalscience_sample_paper.jpg\" alt=\"Class 12 Pol Sc Sample Papers\" width=\"600\" height=\"300\" \/><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Sample_paper_of_Political_Science_Class_12_%E2%80%93_in_PDF\"><\/span>Sample paper of Political Science Class 12 \u2013 in PDF<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>The <strong>CBSE Class 12 Political Science 2025<\/strong> sample papers are now available for free download on the <strong>myCBSEguide<\/strong> app and website. With the new <strong>CBSE marking scheme<\/strong> and <strong>blueprint<\/strong> for the 2025 board exams released, students can now access sample papers in <strong>PDF format<\/strong> that include <strong>solved questions<\/strong>, a detailed <strong>marking scheme<\/strong>, and an exam blueprint.<\/p>\n<p>These <strong>Class 12 Political Science sample papers<\/strong> are designed to help students prepare for the upcoming <strong>CBSE board exams<\/strong>. By practicing these sample papers, students can familiarize themselves with the exam format and structure, ultimately improving their time management and problem-solving skills. The solutions provided for each sample paper also make it easier for students to understand how to approach different types of questions.<\/p>\n<p>Key Features of <strong>CBSE Sample Papers for Class 12 Political Science 2025<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Free download<\/strong> of sample papers in <strong>PDF format<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li>Includes <strong>solutions<\/strong>, <strong>marking scheme<\/strong>, and <strong>blueprint<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li>Helps answer the key question:<strong> <em>How to prepare for CBSE board exams?<\/em><\/strong><\/li>\n<li>Updated <strong>CBSE study material<\/strong> for <strong>Class 12 Political Science<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Sample Papers of Class 12 Political Science 2025 &#8211; With Solution<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a class=\"button\" href=\"https:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/dashboard\/category\/1879\/type\/2\">Download as PDF<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"CBSE_Sample_Papers_Class_12_Political_Science_2025-2\"><\/span><strong>CBSE Sample Papers Class 12 Political Science 2025<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/play.google.com\/store\/search?q=mycbseguide&amp;c=apps\"><strong>myCBSEguide<\/strong><\/a> provides <strong>CBSE class 12 Board Sample Papers of Political Science<\/strong> for the year <strong>2025<\/strong> with solutions in PDF format for free download. The CBSE Sample Papers for all \u2013 NCERT books and based on CBSE latest syllabus must be downloaded and practiced by students. <strong>Class 12 Political Science New Sample Papers<\/strong> follow the blueprint of that year only. Students must check the latest syllabus and marking scheme. Sample papers for class 12 Political Science and other subjects are available for download as PDFs in the app too.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Class 12 &#8211; Political Science<br \/>\nSample Paper &#8211; 01 (2024-25)<\/strong><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><b>Maximum Marks: 80<br \/>\nTime Allowed: : 3 hours<\/b><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><b>General Instructions:<\/b><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>The question paper consists of five sections (A, B, C, D and E) with 30 questions in total.<\/li>\n<li>All questions are compulsory.<\/li>\n<li>Question numbers 1-12 are multiple choice questions of one mark each.<\/li>\n<li>Question numbers 13-18 are of 2 marks each. Answers to these questions should not exceed 50-60 words each.<\/li>\n<li>Question numbers 19-23 are of 4 marks each. Answers to these questions should not exceed 100-120 words each. There is an internal choice in two of the 4 marks questions<\/li>\n<li>Question numbers 24-26 are passage, cartoon and map-based questions. Answer accordingly.<\/li>\n<li>Question numbers 27-30 are of 6 marks each. Answers to these questions should not exceed 170-180 words.<\/li>\n<li>There is an internal choice in 6 marks questions.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<hr \/>\n<ol style=\"padding-left: 20px; list-style: decimal;\">\n<li style=\"text-align: center; clear: both; display: block;\"><b>SECTION \u2013 A (12 MARKS)<\/b><\/li>\n<li>Arrange in chronological order:\n<ol style=\"list-style-type: lower-roman;\" start=\"1\">\n<li>Establishment of Human Rights Council<\/li>\n<li>Yalta Association<\/li>\n<li>Atlantic Charter<\/li>\n<li>India took part in United Nations<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<div style=\"margin-left: 20px;\">\n<p>a)(ii), (iii), (iv), (i)<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"margin-left: 20px;\">\n<p>b)(i), (ii), (iii), (iv)<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"margin-left: 20px;\">\n<p>c)(ii), (iv), (i), (iii)<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"margin-left: 20px;\">\n<p>d)(iii), (ii), (iv), (i)<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>The Socialist model of development was related to:\n<div style=\"margin-left: 20px;\">\n<p>a)USSR<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"margin-left: 20px;\">\n<p>b)Pakistan<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"margin-left: 20px;\">\n<p>c)Europe<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"margin-left: 20px;\">\n<p>d)The U.S.A.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>The first three Lok Sabha elections of 1952, 1957, and 1962 were dominated by the Congress Party under the leadership of:\n<div style=\"margin-left: 20px;\">\n<p>a)Indira Gandhi<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"margin-left: 20px;\">\n<p>b)Shyama Prasad Mukherjee<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"margin-left: 20px;\">\n<p>c)Mahatma Gandhi<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"margin-left: 20px;\">\n<p>d)Jawaharlal Nehru<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>Planning Commission was set up by ________.\n<div style=\"margin-left: 20px;\">\n<p>a)President of India<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"margin-left: 20px;\">\n<p>b)a resolution of Government of India<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"margin-left: 20px;\">\n<p>c)Constitution of India<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"margin-left: 20px;\">\n<p>d)the Constituent Assembly<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>Match List I with List II regarding\u00a0globalization.<br \/>\n<table style=\"width: 100%;\" border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"3\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>List-1<\/td>\n<td>List-2<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>(a) IMF<\/td>\n<td>(i) Ensure social and economics justice to labours<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>(b) WTO<\/td>\n<td>(ii) Public health agency<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>(c) WHO<\/td>\n<td>(iii) Financial agency<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>(d) ILO<\/td>\n<td>(iv) Governs trade between governments<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<div style=\"margin-left: 20px;\">\n<p>a)(a)-(iii), (b)-(iv), (c)-(i), (d)-(ii)<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"margin-left: 20px;\">\n<p>b)(a)-(iv), (b)-(iii), (c)-(ii), (d)-(i)<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"margin-left: 20px;\">\n<p>c)(a)-(iii), (b)-(iv), (c)-(ii), (d)-(i)<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"margin-left: 20px;\">\n<p>d)(a)-(iii), (b)-(i), (c)-(iv), (d)-(ii)<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Assertion (A):<\/strong> The ruler of Travancore decided to remain independent and Nizam of Hyderabad made a similar announcement the next day.<br \/>\n<strong>Reason (R):<\/strong> With the end of British rule in India, the paramountcy of the British crown over princely rulers also came to an end.<\/p>\n<div style=\"margin-left: 20px;\">\n<p>a)Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"margin-left: 20px;\">\n<p>b)Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"margin-left: 20px;\">\n<p>c)A is true but R is false.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"margin-left: 20px;\">\n<p>d)A is false but R is true.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>India convened the Asian Relations Conference in March 1947 under the leadership of\n<div style=\"margin-left: 20px;\">\n<p>a)Dr. B.R. Ambedkar<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"margin-left: 20px;\">\n<p>b)Jawaharlal Nehru<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"margin-left: 20px;\">\n<p>c)Dr. Radha Krishnan<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"margin-left: 20px;\">\n<p>d)Rajendra Prasad<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>In which year first general election was held in India?\n<div style=\"margin-left: 20px;\">\n<p>a)1960<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"margin-left: 20px;\">\n<p>b)1952<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"margin-left: 20px;\">\n<p>c)1947<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"margin-left: 20px;\">\n<p>d)1955<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>Who was first top-level leader (external affairs minister) to visit China in 1979?\n<div style=\"margin-left: 20px;\">\n<p>a)Sardar Vallabhai Patel<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"margin-left: 20px;\">\n<p>b)Atal Bihari Vajpayee<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"margin-left: 20px;\">\n<p>c)Lal Krishna Advani<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"margin-left: 20px;\">\n<p>d)S. Jaishankar<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Assertion (A):<\/strong> In 1990s, the economy of Russia was ruined completely.<br \/>\n<strong>Reason (R):<\/strong> More than 90% of the industries were sold to private companies at throwaway prices.<\/p>\n<div style=\"margin-left: 20px;\">\n<p>a)Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"margin-left: 20px;\">\n<p>b)Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"margin-left: 20px;\">\n<p>c)A is true but R is false.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"margin-left: 20px;\">\n<p>d)A is false but R is true.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>Who among the following was the main leader of Dravid Movement?\n<div style=\"margin-left: 20px;\">\n<p>a)C. Annadurai<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"margin-left: 20px;\">\n<p>b)E.V. Ramaswami Naicker<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"margin-left: 20px;\">\n<p>c)K. Karunanidhi<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"margin-left: 20px;\">\n<p>d)K. Kamraj<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>In the political field, Pakistan lacks\n<div style=\"margin-left: 20px;\">\n<p>a)A strong human rights movement<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"margin-left: 20px;\">\n<p>b)Genuine international support for democracy<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"margin-left: 20px;\">\n<p>c)Educated leaders<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"margin-left: 20px;\">\n<p>d)A courageous and relatively free press<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: center; clear: both; display: block;\"><b>SECTION- B (12 MARKS)<\/b><\/li>\n<li>Explain in brief any four components of India\u2019s security strategy.<\/li>\n<li>Assess any two advantages of coalition governments at the Centre.<\/li>\n<li>How can we protect the rights of the indigenous people with regard to environment?<\/li>\n<li>Which political party formed the first non-Congress government in any State of India?<\/li>\n<li>Suggest any two measures to have good relations with Pakistan.<\/li>\n<li>Bharatiya Jana Sangh was different from other parties in terms of ideology and programmes. Validate the statement by giving two relevant arguments.Prepare effectively for your exams by downloading the <a href=\"https:\/\/play.google.com\/store\/search?q=mycbseguide&amp;c=apps\"><strong>myCBSEguide.com<\/strong><\/a> app today! This app offers complete study material for <strong>CBSE<\/strong>, <strong>NCERT<\/strong>, <strong>JEE (Main)<\/strong>, <strong>NEET-UG<\/strong>, and <strong>NDA exams<\/strong>, including practice questions, solved papers, and detailed solutions. Whether you&#8217;re preparing for school exams or competitive entrance tests, <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/play.google.com\/store\/search?q=mycbseguide&amp;c=apps\">myCBSEguide Website<\/a><\/strong> and <a href=\"https:\/\/play.google.com\/store\/search?q=mycbseguide&amp;c=apps\"><strong>myCBSEGuide app<\/strong><\/a> is your one-stop solution to boost your exam readiness.<strong>For teachers<\/strong>, the <strong>Examin8.com<\/strong> app is the perfect tool to create customized exam papers. Personalize assessments with your name, logo, and unique branding to enhance your teaching and streamline exam management.<strong>Key Features of myCBSEguide:<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Complete study resources<\/strong> for <strong>CBSE<\/strong>, <strong>JEE (Main)<\/strong>, <strong>NEET-UG<\/strong>, and <strong>NDA exams<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>NCERT solutions<\/strong>, <strong>practice questions<\/strong>, and <strong>solved papers<\/strong> for effective preparation.<\/li>\n<li>A user-friendly interface to access study materials anytime, anywhere.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Examin8 for Teachers:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Create branded exam papers<\/strong> with your own name and logo.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Personalize assessments<\/strong> to meet your students\u2019 needs.<\/li>\n<li>Track progress and simplify exam creation.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Download the <strong>myCBSEguide<\/strong> app now to start preparing smarter and ace your exams!<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: center; clear: both; display: block;\"><b>SECTION-C (20 MARKS)<\/b><\/li>\n<li>Assess the process of confidence building with the help of examples. How does it function as a means of avoiding violence and war?<\/li>\n<li>Describe any four criteria that have been proposed in recent years for new permanent and non-permanent members of the U.N. Security Council.<\/li>\n<li>Define indigenous population. Highlight problems of such people.\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><b>OR <\/b><\/p>\n<p>Explain the steps taken by Governments of India to curb the emission of greenhouse gases.<\/li>\n<li>Examine any four arguments against globalisation that have emerged from all over the globe.\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><b>OR <\/b><\/p>\n<p>Give four reasons due to which Globalization was resisted.<\/li>\n<li>Why did the movement for secession in the Mizo hills area gain popular support? How was the problem resolved?<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: center; clear: both; display: block;\"><b>SECTION-D (12 MARKS)<\/b>\n<ol>\n<li style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>Read the text carefully and answer the questions:<\/strong><br \/>\nStudy the given cartoon:<br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft\" style=\"height: 190px; width: 250px;\" src=\"https:\/\/media-mycbseguide.s3.amazonaws.com\/images\/imgur\/94HNhc1.png\" alt=\"\" \/><\/p>\n<ol style=\"list-style-type: lower-roman;\">\n<li>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">The given cartoon is related to which country?<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">a) Nepal<br \/>\nb) India<br \/>\nc) Sri Lanka<br \/>\nd) Pakistan<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">The tiger in the given cartoon represents LTTE. Who belonged to this group?<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">a) Tamil militants<br \/>\nb) Khalistani militants<br \/>\nc) Sinhala hardliner<br \/>\nd) Kashmiri militants<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">What was the main demand of LTTE?<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">a) Telugu State<br \/>\nb) Reservations<br \/>\nc) Sinhalese Eelam<br \/>\nd) Tamil Eelam<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">The international actors, particularly the ________ countries tried to bring the warring groups of this country back to negotiations.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">a) European<br \/>\nb) Scandinavian<br \/>\nc) Western<br \/>\nd) South-Asian<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<li>In the given outline political map of India, four\u00a0states have been marked as (A) (B) (C) and (D). Identify these states on the basis of the information given below and write their correct names in your answer book, along with their respective serial number of the information used and the concerned alphabets as per the following formate:-\n<ol style=\"list-style-type: lower-roman;\" start=\"1\">\n<li>The State was carved out of Assam in 1972.<\/li>\n<li>The State where the Communist Party of India formed its Government in 1957.<\/li>\n<li>The states where the MKSS demanded records for famine relief and accounts of labors.<\/li>\n<li>The state where the Sardar Sarovar dam is located.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" style=\"width: 360px; height: 426px;\" src=\"https:\/\/media-mycbseguide.s3.amazonaws.com\/images\/question_images\/1643649190-t9pbpy.jpg\" alt=\"\" data-imgur-src=\"EtfFKCO.png\" \/><\/li>\n<li><strong>Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions that follow: (1+1+2)<\/strong><br \/>\nJust before Independence, it was announced by the British that with the end of their rule over India, the paramountcy of the British crown over the Princely States would also lapse. This meant that all these states, as many as 565 in all, would become legally independent. The British government took the view that all these states were free to join either India or Pakistan or remain independent if they so wished. This decision was left not to the people but to the princely rulers of these states. This was a very serious problem and could threaten the very existence of a united India. The problems started very soon. First of all, the ruler of Travancore announced that the state had decided on Independence. The Nizam of Hyderabad made a similar announcement the next day. Rulers like the Nawab of Bhopal were averse to joining the Constituent Assembly.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"list-style-type: lower-roman;\" start=\"1\">\n<li>How many princely states were there in India at the time of independence?\n<ol style=\"list-style-type: lower-alpha;\" start=\"1\">\n<li>336<\/li>\n<li>436<\/li>\n<li>565<\/li>\n<li>665<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<li>What was the ruler of Hyderabad was popularly referred to as?\n<ol style=\"list-style-type: lower-alpha;\" start=\"1\">\n<li>Nizam<\/li>\n<li>Maharaja<\/li>\n<li>Tipu<\/li>\n<li>Iron Man<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<li>What challenges did the lapse of British paramountcy pose to the unity of India just before Independence, and how did some princely states respond?<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: center; clear: both; display: block;\"><b>SECTION-E (24 MARKS)<\/b><\/li>\n<li>Examine India\u2019s relationship with the former Soviet Union during the Cold War.\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><b>OR <\/b><\/p>\n<p>Explain\u00a0five\u00a0features of the Soviet System.<\/li>\n<li>Why is the EU considered a highly influential regional organisation in the economic, political and military fields?\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><b>OR <\/b><\/p>\n<p>Discuss Indo-China relations.<\/li>\n<li>Write an essay on caste oppressions and socio-economic inequalities among backward classes.\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><b>OR <\/b><\/p>\n<p>What was Mandal Commission 7? Did it try to solve the problems of other Backward classes? State any two arguments in support of your answer?<\/li>\n<li>Write a brief note on the students\u2019 agitation in Bihar in 1974.\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><b>OR <\/b><\/p>\n<p>Why was an emergency declared in India on 25th June 1975? How far was the imposition of this emergency justified? Support your answer with any three suitable arguments.<\/p>\n<p>Looking to boost your exam preparation? Download the <a href=\"https:\/\/play.google.com\/store\/search?q=mycbseguide&amp;c=apps\"><strong>myCBSEguide.com<\/strong><\/a>\u00a0app for access to a comprehensive range of study materials designed for <strong>CBSE<\/strong>, <strong>NCERT<\/strong>, <strong>JEE (Main)<\/strong>, <strong>NEET-UG<\/strong>, and <strong>NDA exams<\/strong>. With a variety of practice questions, sample papers, and step-by-step solutions, myCBSEguide helps you build a solid foundation and prepares you for success in your exams.<\/p>\n<p>The <a href=\"https:\/\/play.google.com\/store\/search?q=examin8&amp;c=apps\"><strong>Examin8.com<\/strong><\/a> app is a powerful tool for <strong>teachers<\/strong>, allowing them to create personalized exam papers complete with their own branding, name, and logo. It helps streamline the exam creation process and enhances student assessments with ease.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Why Choose myCBSEguide?<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Complete study material<\/strong> for <strong>CBSE<\/strong>, <strong>JEE (Main)<\/strong>, <strong>NEET-UG<\/strong>, and <strong>NDA exams<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Practice questions<\/strong>, <strong>NCERT solutions<\/strong>, and <strong>mock tests<\/strong> for exam readiness.<\/li>\n<li>Easy-to-use platform for learning at your own pace and convenience.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>For Teachers: Examin8 Features<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Create customized exam papers<\/strong> with your branding.<\/li>\n<li>Generate <strong>personalized assessments<\/strong> tailored to your curriculum.<\/li>\n<li>Simplify <strong>exam creation<\/strong> and track student performance efficiently.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Download <a href=\"https:\/\/play.google.com\/store\/search?q=mycbseguide&amp;c=apps\"><strong>myCBSEguide<\/strong><\/a> now and start preparing for your exams with confidence!<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: center; page-break-before: always;\"><strong>Class 12 &#8211; Political Science<br \/>\nSample Paper &#8211; 01 (2024-25)<\/strong><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Solution <\/strong><\/p>\n<ol style=\"padding-left: 20px;\">\n<li style=\"text-align: center; display: block;\"><b>SECTION \u2013 A (12 MARKS) <\/b><\/li>\n<li>(d)\n<p style=\"display: inline;\">(iii), (ii), (iv), (i)<\/p>\n<p><b>Explanation: <\/b>(iii), (ii), (iv), (i)<\/li>\n<li>(a)\n<p style=\"display: inline;\">USSR<\/p>\n<p><b>Explanation: <\/b>On the eve of Independence, India had before it, two models of modern development: the liberal-capitalist model as in much of Europe and the US and the <strong>socialist model as in the USSR<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li>(d)\n<p style=\"display: inline;\">Jawaharlal Nehru<\/p>\n<p><b>Explanation: <\/b>The most popular and charismatic leader the Congress party had\u00a0in Indian politics was\u00a0<strong>Jawaharlal Nehru<\/strong>. He led the Congress campaign and toured through the country. He led the Congress throughout the\u00a0first three Lok Sabha. The victory in the first general election of 1952 was evident because Congress had inherited the legacy of the national movement.\u00a0In the second and the third general elections, held in 1957 and 1962 respectively, the Congress maintained the same position in the Lok Sabha by winning three-fourth of the seats.<\/li>\n<li>(b)\n<p style=\"display: inline;\">a resolution of Government of India<\/p>\n<p><b>Explanation: <\/b>a resolution of Government of India<\/li>\n<li>(c)\n<p style=\"display: inline;\">(a)-(iii), (b)-(iv), (c)-(ii), (d)-(i)<\/p>\n<p><b>Explanation: <\/b>(a)-(iii), (b)-(iv), (c)-(ii), (d)-(i)<\/li>\n<li>(a)\n<p style=\"display: inline;\">Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.<\/p>\n<p><b>Explanation: <\/b>Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.<\/li>\n<li>(b)\n<p style=\"display: inline;\">Jawaharlal Nehru<\/p>\n<p><b>Explanation: <\/b>Throughout the 1940s and 1950s, <strong>Jawaharlal Nehru\u00a0<\/strong>had been an ardent advocate of Asian unity. Under his leadership, India convened the Asian Relations Conference in March 1947, five months ahead of attaining its independence.<\/li>\n<li>(b)\n<p style=\"display: inline;\">1952<\/p>\n<p><b>Explanation: <\/b>1952<\/li>\n<li>(b)\n<p style=\"display: inline;\">Atal Bihari Vajpayee<\/p>\n<p><b>Explanation: <\/b>Atal Bihari Vajpayee<\/li>\n<li>(a)\n<p style=\"display: inline;\">Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.<\/p>\n<p><b>Explanation: <\/b>Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.<\/li>\n<li>(b)\n<p style=\"display: inline;\">E.V. Ramaswami Naicker<\/p>\n<p><b>Explanation: <\/b>E.V. Ramaswami Naicker<\/li>\n<li>(b)\n<p style=\"display: inline;\">Genuine international support for democracy<\/p>\n<p><b>Explanation: <\/b>The lack of genuine international support for democratic rule in Pakistan has further encouraged the military to continue its dominance.\u00a0The United States and other Western\u00a0countries have encouraged the military\u2019s authoritarian rule in the past, for their own reasons.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: center; display: block;\"><b>SECTION- B (12 MARKS) <\/b><\/li>\n<li>The components of India\u2019s security strategy:\n<ol style=\"list-style-type: lower-roman;\" start=\"1\">\n<li>\u00a0Strengthening its military capabilities because India has been involved in conflicts with its neighbours.<\/li>\n<li>\u00a0Strengthening international norms and international institutions to protect their interests.<\/li>\n<li>\u00a0The third component of Indian security is geared towards meeting security challenges within the country.<\/li>\n<li>\u00a0There has been an attempt in India to developed its economy in a way that the vast mass of citizens are lifted out of poverty and misery and huge economic inequalities are not allowed to exist.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<li>Advantages of coalition government-\n<ol style=\"list-style-type: lower-roman;\" start=\"1\">\n<li>It gives an opportunity to regional parties to become a part of government at the centre.<\/li>\n<li>Addresses the regional aspirations effectively.<\/li>\n<li>It saves time and money.<\/li>\n<li>On many crucial issues, a broad agreement emerges among the coalition government.<\/li>\n<li>It emphasizes pragmatic considerations rather than ideological positions and political alliances without ideological agreement.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<li>We can protect the rights of the indigenous people with regard to the environment through :\n<ol style=\"list-style-type: lower-roman;\" start=\"1\">\n<li>Institutional safeguards like rules and\u00a0regulation.<\/li>\n<li>Creating a social security net.<\/li>\n<li>They must be allowed to have free access to as much land as they could cultivate.<\/li>\n<li>The governments should accept the existence of indigenous people as enduring communities with an identity of their own.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<li>The Bharatiya Jana Sangh (now part of the Bharatiya Janata Party, BJP) formed the first non-Congress government in India. This government was established in the state of Himachal Pradesh in 1977.<\/li>\n<li>Two measures to have good relations with Pakistan are as follows:\n<ol style=\"list-style-type: lower-roman;\" start=\"1\">\n<li>Economic relations should be consolidated.\u00a0Both countries should improve relations in trade and commerce.<\/li>\n<li>Cultural delegates from both countries must visit each other frequently. Cultural give and take relationship should be appreciated.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<li>Bhartiya Jana Sangh was different from other parties in terms of ideology and programmes-<br \/>\nTwo Arguments<\/p>\n<ol style=\"list-style-type: lower-roman;\" start=\"1\">\n<li>It emphasised the idea of one country, one culture and one nation.<\/li>\n<li>It believed that India could become modern, progressive and strong on the basis of Indian cultural and tradition.<br \/>\nPrepare effectively for your exams by downloading the <a href=\"https:\/\/play.google.com\/store\/search?q=mycbseguide&amp;c=apps\"><strong>myCBSEguide.com<\/strong><\/a> app, which offers <strong>comprehensive study resources<\/strong> for <strong>CBSE<\/strong>, <strong>NCERT<\/strong>, <strong>JEE (Main)<\/strong>, <strong>NEET-UG<\/strong>, and <strong>NDA exams<\/strong>. With access to <strong>practice questions<\/strong>, <strong>solved papers<\/strong>, and <strong>NCERT solutions<\/strong>, myCBSEguide helps students strengthen their knowledge and boost exam performance.For <strong>teachers<\/strong>, the <a href=\"https:\/\/play.google.com\/store\/search?q=examin8&amp;c=apps\"><strong>Examin8.com<\/strong><\/a> app provides an easy way to create customized exam papers. Personalize your assessments with your own <strong>name<\/strong> and <strong>logo<\/strong>, making it simple to manage and track your students&#8217; progress.<strong>Why Choose myCBSEguide?<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Complete study material<\/strong> for <strong>CBSE<\/strong>, <strong>JEE (Main)<\/strong>, <strong>NEET-UG<\/strong>, and <strong>NDA exams<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li>Access to <strong>NCERT solutions<\/strong>, <strong>practice papers<\/strong>, and <strong>mock tests<\/strong> to improve exam readiness.<\/li>\n<li>Convenient, mobile-friendly platform for studying anytime, anywhere.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Features of Examin8 for Teachers:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Create <strong>custom exam papers<\/strong> with your branding and logo.<\/li>\n<li>Tailor assessments to meet specific student needs.<\/li>\n<li>Track and analyze student performance with ease.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Download the <strong>myCBSEguide<\/strong> app today and start your journey to exam success!<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: center; display: block;\"><b>SECTION-C (20 MARKS) <\/b><\/li>\n<li><strong>Confidence building<\/strong> involves creating trust and reducing tensions between parties to prevent conflicts and promote stability. It functions as a means of avoiding violence and war through various mechanisms:\n<ol style=\"list-style-type: lower-roman;\" start=\"1\">\n<li><strong>Dialogue and Communication:<\/strong>\n<ul style=\"list-style-type: disc;\">\n<li><strong>Example:<\/strong> The Helsinki Accords (1975) included agreements between Eastern and Western blocs to improve communication and cooperation, reducing the risk of misunderstandings and conflicts during the Cold War.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Function:<\/strong> Regular dialogue helps clarify intentions, address grievances, and find common ground, reducing the likelihood of escalation.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Transparency and Information Sharing:<\/strong>\n<ul style=\"list-style-type: disc;\">\n<li><strong>Example:<\/strong> The Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty (START) between the U.S. and USSR involved mutual inspections and data sharing on nuclear arsenals, building trust and verifying compliance.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Function:<\/strong> Transparency helps to dispel fears of hidden threats and builds confidence in mutual commitments, minimizing the chances of an arms race or surprise attacks.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Joint Initiatives and Cooperation:<\/strong>\n<ul style=\"list-style-type: disc;\">\n<li><strong>Example:<\/strong> The European Union&#8217;s integration process, including economic cooperation and political dialogue, helped prevent conflicts in post-WWII Europe by fostering interdependence and shared interests.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Function:<\/strong> Collaborative projects and economic ties create mutual benefits and interdependencies, making conflict less attractive and promoting peaceful resolutions.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Conflict Resolution Mechanisms:<\/strong>\n<ul style=\"list-style-type: disc;\">\n<li><strong>Example:<\/strong> The Camp David Accords (1978) facilitated peace between Egypt and Israel, involving negotiations and mutual concessions to resolve longstanding disputes.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Function:<\/strong> Structured resolution mechanisms provide formal processes for addressing conflicts and disputes, offering peaceful alternatives to violence.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>In short, confidence building is a process designed to ensure that rivals do not go to war through misunderstanding or mis-perception.<\/li>\n<li>To be a new member following criteria should be fulfilled:\n<ol style=\"list-style-type: lower-roman;\" start=\"1\">\n<li>It should be a major economic power.<\/li>\n<li>Population of the nation should be high.<\/li>\n<li>It should contribute substantially to the UN budget.<\/li>\n<li>Nation should respect human rights and democracy.<\/li>\n<li>It should be a major military power.<\/li>\n<li>The inclusion of that country should make the security council look more vivid in terms of geography, economic systems and culture.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"clear: both;\">The UN defines indigenous population as comprising the descendants of people who inhabited the present territory of a country at the time when persons of a different culture or ethnic origin arrived there from other parts of the world and overcame them. The following problems are faced by such people:\n<ol style=\"list-style-type: lower-roman;\" start=\"1\">\n<li>They lost their lands which belonged to them form long time. The indigenous people used the phrase &#8220;Since times immemorial&#8221; refers to their continued occupancy of the lands from which they originate.<\/li>\n<li>The loss of land, which also means the loss of an economic resource base, is the most obvious threat to the survival of indigenous people.<\/li>\n<li>Issues related to the rights of the indigenous communities have also been neglected in domestic and international politics for long.<\/li>\n<li>The rights of the indigenous people have been neglected in domestic and international politics.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><b>OR <\/b><\/p>\n<p>The Indian government is participating in global efforts through a number of programmes. The\u00a0steps taken by Government of India to curb the emission of greenhouse gases are :<\/p>\n<ol style=\"list-style-type: lower-roman;\" start=\"1\">\n<li>India signed and ratified the 1997 Kyoto Protocol in the year 2002.<\/li>\n<li>India\u2019s National Auto-fuel policy mandates cleaner fuels for vehicles.<\/li>\n<li>The Energy Conservation Act, 2001 outlines initiatives to improve energy efficiency.<\/li>\n<li>Electricity Act, 2003 encourages the use of renewable energy.<\/li>\n<li>Recent trends in importing natural gas and encouraging the adoption of clean coal technologies show that India is making real efforts.<\/li>\n<li>India is also keen to launch a national mission on Biodiesel using about 11 million hectares of land to produce biodiesel by 2011-12.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Economic Inequality:<\/strong><br \/>\nCritics on the left argue that globalization represents a phase of global capitalism that increases wealth inequality, making the rich richer and the poor poorer. The weakening of the state reduces its ability to protect the interests of the poor.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Weakening of State Sovereignty:<\/strong><br \/>\nBoth left and right critics fear that globalization weakens the state&#8217;s capacity to govern effectively and protect its citizens&#8217; interests, leading to reduced state sovereignty.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Economic Protectionism:<\/strong><br \/>\nCritics on the right advocate for a return to self-reliance and protectionism, especially in certain economic sectors, to safeguard national interests.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Cultural Erosion:<\/strong><br \/>\nCultural critics worry that globalization harms traditional cultures, leading to a loss of age-old values and ways of life as global influences overshadow local customs.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"clear: both;\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><b>OR <\/b><\/p>\n<p>For meaning of Globalization, Globalization means the flows of ideas, capital, commodities and people across different parts of the world. It is a multidimensional concept. It has political, economic and cultural manifestations and these must be adequately distinguished. The four reasons due to which Globalization is resisted are:<\/p>\n<ol style=\"list-style-type: lower-roman;\" start=\"1\">\n<li>Leftist parties argue that contemporary Globalization represents a global capitalism that makes the rich richer and the poor poorer.<\/li>\n<li>Weakening of the state leads to a reduction in the capacity of the state to protect the interest of its poor.<\/li>\n<li>Rightist parties express anxiety over the political economic and cultural effects.<\/li>\n<li>The cultural Globalization would harm age old values of people while harming their traditional culture.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ol style=\"list-style-type: lower-roman;\" start=\"1\">\n<li>In 1959 a great famine struck in Mizo hills.\u00a0Some Mizos believed that they were never a part of British India and, therefore, did not belong to the Indian Union. The movement for succession gained popular support only after the Assam Government failed to respond adequately to the great famine of 1959 in Mizo hills. The Mizo&#8217;s anger led to the formation of the Mizo National Front (MNF) under the leadership of Laldenga.<\/li>\n<li>After a long struggle, a peace agreement, signed between Rajiv Gandhi and Laldenga. As per this accord, Mizoram was granted full-fledged statehood with special powers and MNF agreed to give up the secessionist struggle. This accord proved a turning point in the history of Mizoram. Today, Mizoram is one of the most peaceful places in the region and has taken big strides in literacy and development.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: center; display: block;\"><b>SECTION-D (12 MARKS) <\/b>\n<ol style=\"list-style-type: lower-roman;\">\n<li style=\"text-align: left;\">(c) Sri Lanka<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: left;\">(a) Tamil militants<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: left;\">(d) Tamil Eelam<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: left;\">(b) Scandinavian<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<table style=\"width: 100%;\" border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"3\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">i<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">Meghalaya<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">B<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">ii<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">Kerala<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">A<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">iii<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">Rajasthan<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">D<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">iv<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">Gujarat<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\">C<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<ol style=\"list-style-type: lower-roman;\" start=\"1\">\n<li>(c) 565<\/li>\n<li>(a) Tipu<\/li>\n<li>The lapse of British paramountcy allowed princely states to choose independence, join India, or Pakistan, creating a threat to India&#8217;s unity. Rulers like those of Travancore and Hyderabad declared independence, while others, like the Nawab of Bhopal, were hesitant to join the Constituent Assembly, complicating efforts to unify India.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: center; display: block;\"><b>SECTION-E (24 MARKS) <\/b><\/li>\n<li style=\"clear: both;\">India and the former Soviet Union enjoyed a cordial relationship during the Cold War. The relation between the two was a multi-dimensional relationship\n<ol style=\"list-style-type: lower-roman;\" start=\"1\">\n<li><strong>Economic relation:<\/strong> During the Cold Era, India&#8217;s public sector companies were assisted by the Soviet Union. It gave aid and technical assistance for steel plants like Bhilai, Bokaro, Visakhapatnam as well as machinery plants like Bharat Heavy Electrical Limited etc. Apart from this, the Soviet Union accepted the Indian currency for trade when India was short of foreign exchange.\u00a0The Soviet Union helped India in the construction of plants to manufacture heavy equipment and machinery, steel plants, Power plants, plants to produce precision instruments and machine tools, Petroleum extraction and refining facilities. In this way, USSR contributed heavily to India\u2019s industrial development.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Political relation:\u00a0<\/strong>On the political front, the Soviet Union has supported India in UN over the Kashmir issue. India got support from the Soviet Union during major conflicts especially during the war with Pakistan in 1971. The Soviet Union on the other hand also got indirect support from India for its foreign policy.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Defense relation:<\/strong> India received its military hardware from the Soviet Union when other countries were willing to part with military technologies.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Culture:\u00a0<\/strong>In the Soviet Union, Hindi films and Indian culture were very popular. This has been proved as many prominent Indian writers and artists paid a visit to the USSR.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Party to party relationship:<\/strong>\u00a0The Soviet government never pressurized India to modify its political system or the socio-economic system, though they had &#8220;Party to party&#8221; friendly relations with Indian leftist\u00a0groups.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><b>OR <\/b><\/p>\n<p><strong>Features:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol style=\"list-style-type: lower-roman;\" start=\"1\">\n<li><strong>Soviet System was based on the principle of \u2018Democratic Centralism\u2019.<\/strong> To quote Vyshinsky, \u201cThe Soviet Union State is built on the principle of democratic centralism sharply opposed to the bureaucratic centralism of the capitalist state.\u201d This principle meant that all bodies of administration were elected and organised on democratic principles. The principle also meant that the lower body was responsible to the higher body and the decision of the higher bodies was\u00a0binding, on the lower bodies.<\/li>\n<li><strong>The Citizens of U.S.S.R were given a number of fundamental rights along with duties:<\/strong> Rights were given to the citizens with a view to strengthening the socialist system. In other words, rights must be in conformity with the interests of the working people.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Soviet System of government was based on federalism:<\/strong> There were 15 Union Republics which constituted U.S.S.R. But the powers of the centre were all-pervasive: the units were only pigmies before the centre.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Supreme Soviet was the parliament of U.S.S.R: <\/strong>The Council of Ministers was responsible to the Supreme Soviet of U.S.S.R. But there was no opposition party in the Supreme Soviet.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Soviet System of Economy was based on Planned Economy: <\/strong>There was integrated planning for the whole of the country.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"clear: both;\">The EU was considered as highly influential because:1. <strong>Economic Influence:<\/strong>\n<ol style=\"list-style-type: lower-alpha;\" start=\"1\">\n<li>The EU has world&#8217;s biggest economy with the GDP of more than $12 trillion in 2005,larger than that of the US.<\/li>\n<li>The Euro, currency of EU, can pose a threat to the dominance of US Dollar.<\/li>\n<li>It also functions as an important bloc int international economic organisations such as the World Trade Organisation (WTO).<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>2. <strong>Political Influence:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol style=\"list-style-type: lower-alpha;\" start=\"1\">\n<li>Two members of the EU, Britain and France, hold permanent seats on the UN Security Council.<\/li>\n<li>The EU also included various non-permanent members of the UNSC.<\/li>\n<li>The European Union plays an influential role in diplomacy, economic investments, and negotiations except military force because of its dialogue with China on Human Rights and Environmental Degradation is remarkable.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>3. <strong>Militarily Influence:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol style=\"list-style-type: lower-alpha;\" start=\"1\">\n<li>The EU\u2019s combined armed forces are second largest in the world.<\/li>\n<li>It&#8217;s total spending on defence is second after the US.<\/li>\n<li>Two EU important states members, Britain and France, also experience nuclear arsenals of 550 nuclear warheads.<\/li>\n<li>It is the world\u2019s second most important source of space and communications technology.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><b>OR <\/b><\/p>\n<p>The relations with China experience friendly gestures from India as India signed popular \u2018Panchsheel\u2019 to develop Indo-China relations in 1954 and advocated China\u2019s membership to the United Nations still, after 1957, various contentious issues arose in Indo-China relations:<\/p>\n<ol style=\"list-style-type: lower-roman;\" start=\"1\">\n<li>Soon after the independence, both states were involved in differences arising from Chinese take over of Tibet in 1950 and the final settlement of the Sino Indian border.<\/li>\n<li>Both were involved in a border conflict in 1962 over territorial claims mainly in Arunachal Pradesh and in the Aksai chin region of Ladakh.<\/li>\n<li>After Panchsheel, attack by China on India in 1962, to occupy larger territories of India, and created a great humiliation.<\/li>\n<li>Assistance of China over Pakistan\u2019s nuclear programme also created differences among countries.<\/li>\n<li>Military relations of China with Bangladesh and Myanmar were viewed as hostile to Indian interests.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>All these mentioned differences or disputes could be resolved for greater cooperation as if:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Both the countries would have made some more efforts to revive harmonious attitude between themselves.<\/li>\n<li>Both the countries would have move hand-in-hand to fight against terrorism, nuclear race and economic disparities.<\/li>\n<li>Both countries would have developed mutual understanding and respect.<\/li>\n<li>Hence, both of them would have signed agreements on cultural exchange and cooperation in science and technology.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"clear: both;\"><strong>Caste oppression and socio-economic inequalities among backward classes:<\/strong><br \/>\nThe social structure of India is to\u00a0a large extent based on caste structure and caste identities. As the narrow sectional loyalties based on caste had done much harm to the country during the British rule, the Congress Party decided to check its evil effects after independence.<br \/>\nIt is well-known that the basis of electoral politics is the manipulation of votes.<br \/>\nAs a result of the introduction of Universal Adult Franchise even those social groups who stand very low in the social hierarchy and are economically backward, have come to realise that they yield enormous power. They have become conscious of their importance because various political parties compete to solicit their support.<br \/>\nIt is not caste alone which influences politics. Politics also transforms the caste and affects its solidarity and hierarchy. A caste, conscious of its social stratification strives to better its positions for the sake of modernising left of its members and thereby saving itself from the onslaughts of social injustice.<br \/>\n<strong>Caste\u00a0in the State Politics: <\/strong>According to <strong>Michael Brecher<\/strong> caste plays a major role in the state and local politics but it is marginal at the all-India level. Though no state of the Indian Union has been immune from the impact of caste politics, it has been more in Bihar, Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Maharashtra, etc.<br \/>\n<strong>Evaluation of the Role of Caste:<\/strong> From the above discussion it is clear that caste continues to be a paramount factor in Indian politics. At the same time, it cannot be denied that the role of caste has been decried as a fissiparous threat to national unity. It has encouraged the people to put group loyalty above merit and competence, and selfishness above public well-being. All this has jeopardised the liberal democratic values.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><b>OR <\/b><\/p>\n<p>Bindeshwari Prasad Mandal was the chairperson of Mandal commission set up in 1978 to investigate the extent of educational and social backwardness among various sections of society and recommended a way to identify these classes.<\/p>\n<p>The Mandal commission gave its recommendations in 1980:<\/p>\n<ol style=\"list-style-type: lower-alpha;\" start=\"1\">\n<li>The commission advised that backward classes should be understood to mean backward castes since many castes other than the SCs were also treated as low in the caste hierarchy.<\/li>\n<li>Reservation 27% seats in educational institutions and government jobs for these groups.<\/li>\n<li>It recommended land reforms to improve the condition of OBCs.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Hence, Mandal commission made recommendations in economic and occupational structures.<\/p>\n<p>The government of India accepted recommendations in 1990:<\/p>\n<ol style=\"list-style-type: lower-alpha;\" start=\"1\">\n<li>27%jobsreservationhabeenmade in central and state government.<\/li>\n<li>Many Welfare Schemes have also been launched as Swarnima National Backward Classes Finance and Development Corporation.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"clear: both;\">In March 1974 students came together in Bihar\u00a0against rising prices, food scarcity, unemployment and corruption. After a point they invited\u00a0Jayaprakash Narayan, who had given up active politics and was involved in social work, to lead the student movement. He accepted it on the condition that the movement will remain nonviolent and will not limit to Bihar. Thus the students&#8217; movement assumed a political character and had national appeal. People from all walks of life now entered the movement. Jayaprakash Narayan demanded the dismissal of Congress government in Bihar and gave a call for a total revolution in the social, economic and political spheres in order to establish what he considered to be a true democracy. A series of bandhs, gheraos and strikes were organised. In March, Jayaprakash Narayan led a people\u2019s march to the Parliament. Both Bihar and Gujarat agitations were seen as anti-Congress. These were considered protests against the leadership of Indira Gandhi.\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><b>OR <\/b><\/p>\n<ol style=\"list-style-type: lower-roman;\" start=\"1\">\n<li>An emergency was declared in India on 25th June 1975 due to:\n<ol style=\"list-style-type: lower-alpha;\" start=\"1\">\n<li>Internal disturbances and agitations in the country.<\/li>\n<li>Political mood of the country had turned hostile<\/li>\n<li>Grave crisis had arisen which made the [proclamation of a state of emergency necessary.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<li>Justification of the imposition of a state of emergency:\n<ol style=\"list-style-type: lower-alpha;\" start=\"1\">\n<li>Whether the declaration of a state of emergency was justified or not would always remain a controversial issue in Indian politics. We have differing viewpoints about the need to declare an emergency. During this period the government practically suspended the process of democratic functioning. The Shah Commission after the emergency found out, there were several &#8220;excesses\u2019 committed during this period.<\/li>\n<li>However, the issue of the imposition of a state of emergency is still debatable or under debate. The then government argued that in a democratic system the opposition parties must allow the duly elected ruling party to rule as per its policies. It opined that frequent recourse to agitation, protests and collective action are not good for democracy.<\/li>\n<li>On the other hand, the critics of emergency maintain that JP and several other opposition leaders had the right to publicly protest against the government. The movements of Bihar and Gujrat were by and large peaceful and non-violent. During this period, the protestors who were arrested were never tried and no cases were registered against most of the detainees.<br \/>\n<strong>Boost Your Exam Preparation with the myCBSEguide App<\/strong>Prepare effectively for your exams by downloading the <a href=\"https:\/\/play.google.com\/store\/search?q=mycbseguide&amp;c=apps\"><strong>myCBSEguide<\/strong><\/a>\u00a0app today! It offers comprehensive study resources for <strong>CBSE<\/strong>, <strong>NCERT<\/strong>, <strong>JEE (Main)<\/strong>, <strong>NEET-UG<\/strong>, and <strong>NDA exams<\/strong>, including practice questions, detailed solutions, and previous years&#8217; papers. Whether you&#8217;re a student or a teacher, myCBSEguide provides all the tools you need to excel in your studies. The <strong>CBSE Sample Papers for<a href=\"https:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/cbse-sample-papers-class-12.html\"> Class 12<\/a> Political Science 2025<\/strong> provide students with an opportunity to practice exam-style questions and improve their time management skills. Download the latest sample papers now to start your preparation.<strong>For teachers<\/strong>, the <a href=\"https:\/\/play.google.com\/store\/search?q=examin8&amp;c=apps\"><strong>Examin8.com<\/strong><\/a> app offers a convenient way to create customized exam papers with your branding, including your name and logo. Generate personalized assessments to meet your students&#8217; needs and streamline exam preparation.<strong>Key Features of myCBSEguide:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Complete study material for <strong>CBSE<\/strong>, <strong>JEE (Main)<\/strong>, <strong>NEET-UG<\/strong>, and <strong>NDA exams<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li>Access to <strong>NCERT solutions<\/strong>, practice questions, and solved papers.<\/li>\n<li>Easy-to-use interface for learning anytime, anywhere.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Key Benefits of Examin8:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Create <strong>personalized exam papers<\/strong> with your own name and logo.<\/li>\n<li>Design custom assessments to suit your teaching style.<\/li>\n<li>Track student progress efficiently.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Visit <a href=\"https:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/\"><strong>myCBSEguide<\/strong><\/a> Website now to enhance your exam preparation and succeed with confidence!<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ol style=\"padding-left: 20px;\">\n<li style=\"clear: both;\">\n<ol style=\"list-style-type: lower-roman;\" start=\"1\">\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\"><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><b><strong><a class=\"button\" href=\"https:\/\/play.google.com\/store\/apps\/details?id=in.techchefs.MyCBSEGuide&amp;referrer=utm_source%3Dmycbse_bottom%26utm_medium%3Dtext%26utm_campaign%3Dmycbseads\">Download myCBSEguide App<\/a><\/strong><\/b><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Sample_Papers_for_Class_12_%E2%80%93_2025\"><\/span><strong>Sample Papers for Class 12 &#8211; 2025<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/course\/cbse-class-12-physics\/1251\/\"><strong>Physics<\/strong><\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/course\/cbse-class-12-chemistry\/1267\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>Chemistry<\/strong><\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/course\/cbse-class-12-mathematics\/1284\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>Mathematics<\/strong><\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/course\/cbse-class-12-biology\/1298\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>Biology<\/strong><\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/course\/cbse-class-12-english-core\/1855\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>English Core<\/strong><\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/course\/cbse-class-12-business-studies\/1727\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>Business Studies<\/strong><\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/course\/cbse-class-12-economics\/1327\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>Economics<\/strong><\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/course\/cbse-class-12-accountancy\/1315\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>Accountancy<\/strong><\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/course\/cbse-class-12-computer-science\/1851\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>Computer Science<\/strong><\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/course\/cbse-class-12-informatics-practices\/1873\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>Informatics Practices<\/strong><\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/course\/cbse-class-12-%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%80-%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0\/1865\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>Hindi Core<\/strong><\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/course\/cbse-class-12-%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%80-%E0%A4%90%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9B%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95\/1867\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>Hindi Elective<\/strong><\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/course\/cbse-class-12-history\/1869\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>History<\/strong><\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/course\/cbse-class-12-political-science\/1879\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>Political Science<\/strong><\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/course\/cbse-class-12-geography\/1863\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>Geography<\/strong><\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/course\/cbse-class-12-home-science\/1871\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>Home Science<\/strong><\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/course\/cbse-class-12-physical-education\/1877\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>Physical Education<\/strong><\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/course\/cbse-class-12\/1250\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>Other Subjects<\/strong><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>To download sample paper for class 12 Physics, Chemistry, Biology, History, Political Science, Economics, Geography, Computer Science, Home Science, Accountancy, Business Studies and Home Science; do check myCBSEguide app or website. myCBSEguide provides sample papers with solution, test papers for chapter-wise practice, NCERT solutions, NCERT Exemplar solutions, quick revision notes for ready reference, CBSE guess papers and CBSE important question papers. Sample Paper all are made available through\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/play.google.com\/store\/apps\/details?id=in.techchefs.MyCBSEGuide&amp;referrer=utm_source%3Dmycbse_bottom%26utm_medium%3Dtext%26utm_campaign%3Dmycbseads\"><strong>the best app for CBSE students<\/strong><\/a>\u00a0and myCBSEguide website.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>CBSE Sample Papers Class 12 Political Science 2025 Prepare for the CBSE Class 12 Political Science 2025 exam with free sample papers available on the myCBSEguide app and Examin8 app. These sample papers are designed to help students understand the exam pattern, improve problem-solving skills, and boost exam readiness. Each CBSE Class 12 Political Science &#8230; <a title=\"CBSE Sample Papers Class 12 Political Science 2025\" class=\"read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/blog\/cbse-sample-papers-class-12-political-science\/\" aria-label=\"More on CBSE Sample Papers Class 12 Political Science 2025\">Read 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