{"id":10919,"date":"2018-02-23T12:57:43","date_gmt":"2018-02-23T07:27:43","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/blog\/?p=10919"},"modified":"2018-03-17T16:19:35","modified_gmt":"2018-03-17T10:49:35","slug":"writing-city-life-class-11-notes-history-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/blog\/writing-city-life-class-11-notes-history-2\/","title":{"rendered":"Writing and city life class 11 Notes History"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_76 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 eztoc-toggle-hide-by-default' ><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-2' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/blog\/writing-city-life-class-11-notes-history-2\/#CBSE_Guide_Writing_and_city_life_class_11_Notes_History\" >CBSE Guide Writing and city life class 11 Notes History<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/blog\/writing-city-life-class-11-notes-history-2\/#11_History_notes_Chapter_2_Writing_and_city_life\" >11 History notes Chapter 2 Writing and city life<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/blog\/writing-city-life-class-11-notes-history-2\/#Download_Revision_Notes_as_PDF\" >Download Revision Notes as PDF<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-2' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/blog\/writing-city-life-class-11-notes-history-2\/#Writing_and_city_life_class_11_Notes_History\" >Writing and city life class 11 Notes History<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/blog\/writing-city-life-class-11-notes-history-2\/#CBSE_Class-11_Revision_Notes_and_Key_Points\" >CBSE Class-11 Revision Notes and Key Points<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<p>CBSE Writing and city life class 11 Notes History in PDF are available for free download in myCBSEguide mobile app. The best app for CBSE students now provides Writing and city life class 11 Notes History latest chapter wise notes for quick preparation of CBSE exams and school based annual examinations. Class 11 History notes on Chapter 2 Writing and city life class 11 Notes History are also available for download in CBSE Guide website.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"CBSE_Guide_Writing_and_city_life_class_11_Notes_History\"><\/span><strong>CBSE Guide Writing and city life class 11 Notes History<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>CBSE guide notes are the comprehensive notes which covers the latest syllabus of CBSE and NCERT. It includes all the topics given in NCERT class 11 History text book. Users can download CBSE guide quick revision notes from myCBSEguide mobile app and my CBSE guide website.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"11_History_notes_Chapter_2_Writing_and_city_life\"><\/span><strong>11 <\/strong>History<strong> notes Chapter 2 Writing and city life<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Download CBSE class 11th revision notes for chapter 2 Writing and city life in PDF format for free. Download revision notes for Writing and city life class 11 Notes and score high in exams. These are the Writing and city life class 11 Notes History prepared by team of expert teachers. The revision notes help you revise the whole chapter 2 in minutes. Revision notes in exam days is one of the best tips recommended by teachers during exam days.<\/p>\n<h1 style=\"text-align: center\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Download_Revision_Notes_as_PDF\"><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/downloads\/cbse-class-11-history\/1870\/cbse-revision-notes\/7\/\"><strong>Download Revision Notes as PDF<\/strong><\/a><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h1>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><strong>Chapter-2: Writing and city life class 11 Notes History<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><strong>SNIPPETS FROM THE CHAPTER<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>I. Ancient Mesopotamia\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Geography:\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>City life began in Mesopotamia (Mesopotamia is derived from the Greek words &#8216;mesos&#8217;, meaning middle, and &#8216;potamos&#8217;, meaning river.)<\/li>\n<li>It is\u00a0a flat land between the Euphrates and the Tigris rivers that is now part of the Republic of Iraq.<\/li>\n<li>\u00a0In the north, there is a stretch of upland called a steppe, where animal herding offers people a better livelihood than agriculture<\/li>\n<li>Agriculture began between 7000 and 6000 BCE.<\/li>\n<li>Soil was very fertile here but agriculture was threatened because of natural causes.<\/li>\n<li>Ur, Lagash, Kish, Uruk and Mari were some of its important cities.<\/li>\n<li>The excavation work started 150 years ago.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Urbanisation<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Mesopotamian civilization was based on definite plan.<strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>Cities and towns are develop when an economy develops in spheres other than food production that it becomes an advantage for people to cluster in towns.<\/li>\n<li>Urban economies comprise besides food production, trade, manufactures and services.<\/li>\n<li>\u00a0There is social organisation in place<\/li>\n<li>Helpful for the city manufacturers.<\/li>\n<li>The division of labour is a mark of urban life.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Movement of Goods into cities<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" id=\"Picture 1\" class=\"alignnone\" src=\"https:\/\/media-mycbseguide.s3.amazonaws.com\/images\/static\/revise\/11\/his\/ch02\/image001.jpg\" alt=\"Writing and city life class 11 Notes History\" width=\"433\" height=\"361\" \/><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>II. Mesopotamian &amp; Writing\u00a0 Modern Writing<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>1. Mesopotamian Writing:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>The first Mesopotamian tablets, written around 3200 BCE, contained picture-like signs and numbers.<\/li>\n<li>Writing began when society needed to keep records of transactions \u2013 because in city life transactions occurred at different times, and involved many people and a variety of goods<\/li>\n<li>Mesopotamians wrote on tablets of clay.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>2. Modern Writing:\u00a0The greatest legacy of Mesopotamia to the world is its scholarly tradition of time reckoning and mathematics, calender.<\/p>\n<p><strong>III. Political Factors<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>From about 1100 BCE, when the Assyrians established their kingdom in the north, the region became known as Assyria. The first known language of the land was Sumerian.<\/li>\n<li>Writing was used not only for keeping records, but also for making dictionaries, giving legal validity to land transfers, narrating the deeds of kings, and announcing the changes a king had made in the customary laws of the land.<\/li>\n<li>It can be inferred that in Mesopotamian understanding it was kingship that organised trade and writing.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Religious\u00a0Factors<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Early settlers (their origins are unknown) began to build and rebuild temples at selected spots in their villages. The earliest known temple was a small shrine made of unbaked bricks. Temples were the residences of various gods.<\/li>\n<li>Temples were centres of religious activities. They were dedicated to different gods and goddess.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>(5000 BCE \u2013 Settlements began to develop in southern Mesopotamia)<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" id=\"Picture 2\" class=\"alignnone\" src=\"https:\/\/media-mycbseguide.s3.amazonaws.com\/images\/static\/revise\/11\/his\/ch02\/image002.jpg\" alt=\"Writing and city life class 11 Notes History\" width=\"338\" height=\"432\" \/><\/p>\n<p><strong>IV. Social Factors<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>1. Life in the City \u2013\u00a0Mesopotamian society the nuclear family was the norm, although a married son and his family often resided with his parents. The father was the head of the family.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>A ruling elite had emerged<\/li>\n<li>Had a major share of wealth<\/li>\n<li>Followed nuclear family system and\u00a0 patriarchal system<\/li>\n<li>Condition of women<\/li>\n<li>System of marriages<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>2. Ur\u00a0 \u2013 was a town, one of the earliest cities. It is often compared with Mohenjodaro<\/p>\n<p>3.In Mesopotamian tradition, Uruk was the city par excellence, often known simply as The City.<\/p>\n<p><strong>V. Economic Factors<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Urbanism<\/li>\n<li>Trade<\/li>\n<li>Record of transaction<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n<li>Writing began in Mesopotamia in 3200 BCE.<\/li>\n<li>Writing became as a records of transactions<\/li>\n<li>2600 BCE the letters became cuneiform and language was Sumerian<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>VI. Cultural Factors<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>1. System of Writing:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Writing was skilled craft<\/li>\n<li>It conveyed in visual form of system of sounds of a particular language<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>2. Literacy:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Writing reflected the mode of speaking<\/li>\n<li>King and very few could read<\/li>\n<li>Official letter from a king could be read<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>3. Uses of Writing:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Connections between city life trade and writing is brought out.<\/li>\n<li>It has brought out in a long Sumerian epic poem about Enmerkar (king)<\/li>\n<li>Kingship was able to organise trade and writing<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>4. Inter Mixture culture:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Mesopotamian society and culture were open to different people and cultures.<\/li>\n<li>Thus the vitality of the civilisation was of course &#8211; an intermixture culture<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Cuneiform Script<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>1. Meaning: It is a script of\u00a0Mesopotamia. The word &#8216;Cuneiform&#8217; is derived from the Latin words cuneus, meaning \u2018wedge\u2019 and forma, meaning \u2018shape\u2019.\u00a0Cuneiform letters were wedge shaped, hence, like nails.<\/p>\n<p>2. Uses:\u00a0By 2600 BCE or so, the letters became cuneiform,\u00a0and the language was Sumerian.\u00a0Cuneiform writing in the Akkadian language continued in use until the first century CE, that is, for more than 2,000 years.<\/p>\n<p><strong>VII. Sources<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>i. Tables (Written around 32000 BCE)<\/p>\n<p>ii. Bible (Old Testament)<\/p>\n<p>iii. British Museum<\/p>\n<p>iv. Texts<\/p>\n<p><strong>VIII. Greatest Legacy of Writing<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>1. Scholarly tradition of time reckoning<\/p>\n<p>A. Calendar<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Division of years<\/li>\n<li>Division of Months<\/li>\n<li>Division of Weeks<\/li>\n<li>Division of Days<\/li>\n<li>Division of Hours<\/li>\n<li>Division of Minutes<\/li>\n<li>Division of Seconds<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>B. Recorder of Modern world Phenomenon past<\/p>\n<p>C. Literature:\u00a0Gilgamesh,\u00a0which was written on twelve tablets, was the famous epic of\u00a0Mesopotamia.\u00a0 It was the work of Uruk who was the ruler of\u00a0Mesopotamia in 2700 BCE.<\/p>\n<p>2. Mathematical contribution<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Tables with multiplication and division<\/li>\n<li>Square<\/li>\n<li>Square route tables<\/li>\n<li>Tables of compound interest<\/li>\n<li>Problem regarding<\/li>\n<li>A field of area<\/li>\n<li>Volume of water<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>IX. Timeline<\/strong> \u2013 refer to the text book Page No.48<\/p>\n<p><strong>X. Key Words :\u00a0<\/strong>Mesopotamia, Cuneiform, Syllable, Steles, Nuclear Family.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Writing_and_city_life_class_11_Notes_History\"><\/span>Writing and city life class 11 Notes History<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>CBSE Revision notes (PDF Download) Free<\/li>\n<li>CBSE Revision notes for Class 11 History PDF<\/li>\n<li>CBSE Revision notes Class 11 History \u2013 CBSE<\/li>\n<li>CBSE Revisions notes and Key Points Class 11 History<\/li>\n<li>Summary of the NCERT books all chapters in History class 11<\/li>\n<li>Short notes for CBSE class 11th History<\/li>\n<li>Key notes and chapter summary of History class 11<\/li>\n<li>Quick revision notes for CBSE exams<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"CBSE_Class-11_Revision_Notes_and_Key_Points\"><\/span><strong>CBSE Class-11 Revision Notes and Key Points<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Writing and city life class 11 Notes History. CBSE quick revision note for class-11 Mathematics, Physics, Chemistry, History and other subject are very helpful to revise the whole syllabus during exam days. The revision notes covers all important formulas and concepts given in the chapter. Even if you wish to have an overview of a chapter, quick revision notes are here to do if for you. These notes will certainly save your time during stressful exam days.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/downloads\/cbse-class-11-physics\/1340\/cbse-revision-notes\/7\/\">Revision Notes for class-11 Physics<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/downloads\/cbse-class-11-chemistry\/1356\/cbse-revision-notes\/7\/\">Revision Notes for class-11 Chemistry<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/downloads\/cbse-class-11-mathematics\/1371\/cbse-revision-notes\/7\/\">Revision Notes for class-11 Mathematics<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/downloads\/cbse-class-11-biology\/1388\/cbse-revision-notes\/7\/\">Revision Notes for class-11 Biology<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/downloads\/cbse-class-11-accountancy\/1411\/cbse-revision-notes\/7\/\">Revision Notes for class-11 Accountancy<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/downloads\/cbse-class-11-economics\/1423\/cbse-revision-notes\/7\/\">Revision Notes for class-11 Economics<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/downloads\/cbse-class-11-business-studies\/1740\/cbse-revision-notes\/7\/\">Revision Notes for class-11 Business Studies<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/downloads\/cbse-class-11-computer-science\/1852\/cbse-revision-notes\/7\/\">Revision Notes for class-11 Computer Science<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/downloads\/cbse-class-11-informatics-practices\/1874\/cbse-revision-notes\/7\/\">Revision Notes for class-11 Informatics Practices<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/downloads\/cbse-class-11-geography\/1864\/cbse-revision-notes\/7\/\">Revision Notes for class-11 Geography<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>To download Writing and city life class 11 Notes, sample paper for class 11 Chemistry, Physics, History, History, Political Science, History, History, History, Home Science, Accountancy, History and Home Science; do check myCBSEguide app or website. myCBSEguide provides sample papers with solution, test papers for chapter-wise practice, NCERT solutions, NCERT Exemplar solutions, quick revision notes for ready reference, CBSE guess papers and CBSE important question papers. Sample Paper all are made available through\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/play.google.com\/store\/apps\/details?id=in.techchefs.MyCBSEGuide&amp;referrer=utm_source%3Dmycbse_bottom%26utm_medium%3Dtext%26utm_campaign%3Dmycbseads\"><strong>the best app for CBSE students<\/strong><\/a>\u00a0and myCBSEguide website.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"entry-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/blog\/beginning-time-class-11-notes-history\/\">From the Beginning of Time class 11 Notes History<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"entry-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/blog\/empire-across-three-continents-class-11-notes-history\/\">An Empire Across Three Continents class 11 Notes History<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"entry-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/blog\/nomadic-empires-class-11-notes-history\/\">Nomadic Empires class 11 Notes History<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"entry-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/blog\/confrontation-cultures-class-11-notes-history\/\">Confrontation of Cultures class 11 Notes History<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"entry-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/blog\/displacing-indigenous-people-class-11-notes-history\/\">Displacing Indigenous People class 11 Notes History<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"entry-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/blog\/paths-modernization-class-11-notes-history\/\">Paths to Modernization class 11 Notes History<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"entry-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/blog\/writing-city-life-class-11-notes-history-2\/\">Writing and city life class 11 Notes History<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"entry-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/blog\/industrial-revolution-class-11-notes-history\/\">Industrial Revolution class 11 Notes History<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>CBSE Writing and city life class 11 Notes History in PDF are available for free download in myCBSEguide mobile app. The best app for CBSE students now provides Writing and city life class 11 Notes History latest chapter wise notes for quick preparation of CBSE exams and school based annual examinations. Class 11 History notes &#8230; <a title=\"Writing and city life class 11 Notes History\" class=\"read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/blog\/writing-city-life-class-11-notes-history-2\/\" aria-label=\"More on Writing and city life class 11 Notes History\">Read more<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":10099,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[47,456],"tags":[457,150,828,426,240,831],"class_list":["post-10919","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-cbse-class-11","category-revision-notes","tag-cbse-notes","tag-cbse-notes-and-key-points","tag-history-notes","tag-quick-revision","tag-quick-revision-notes","tag-writing-and-city-life"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.0 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Writing and city life class 11 Notes History | myCBSEguide<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Writing and city life class 11 Notes History chapter 2 in PDF format for free download. 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