{"id":10248,"date":"2018-02-16T15:49:18","date_gmt":"2018-02-16T10:19:18","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/blog\/?p=10248"},"modified":"2019-03-26T16:18:04","modified_gmt":"2019-03-26T10:48:04","slug":"human-development-class-12-notes-geography-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/blog\/human-development-class-12-notes-geography-2\/","title":{"rendered":"Human Development Class 12 Notes Geography"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_76 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 eztoc-toggle-hide-by-default' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/blog\/human-development-class-12-notes-geography-2\/#Class_12_Geography_Notes_Human_Development\" >Class 12 Geography Notes Human Development<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/blog\/human-development-class-12-notes-geography-2\/#Revision_Notes_of_Class_12_Geography_Chapter_3_Human_Development\" >Revision Notes of Class 12 Geography Chapter 3 Human Development<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/blog\/human-development-class-12-notes-geography-2\/#Four_pillars_of_human_development\" >Four pillars of human development<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/blog\/human-development-class-12-notes-geography-2\/#Approaches_to_human_development\" >Approaches to human development<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/blog\/human-development-class-12-notes-geography-2\/#Measuring_human_development\" >Measuring human development<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/blog\/human-development-class-12-notes-geography-2\/#International_comparison\" >International comparison<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/blog\/human-development-class-12-notes-geography-2\/#CBSE_Class_12_Revision_Notes_%E2%80%93_in_PDF_Download\" >CBSE Class 12 Revision Notes &#8211; in PDF Download<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<p><strong>Human Development class 12 Notes Geography<\/strong> in PDF are available for free download in myCBSEguide mobile app. The best app for CBSE students now provides Human Development class 12 Notes Geography latest chapter wise notes for quick preparation of CBSE board exams and school-based annual examinations. Class 12 Geography notes on chapter 3 Human Development Geography are also available for download in CBSE Guide website.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Class_12_Geography_Notes_Human_Development\"><\/span><strong>Class 12 Geography Notes Human Development<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Download CBSE class 12th revision notes for chapter 3 Human Development in PDF format for free. Download revision notes for Human Development class 12 Notes Geography and score high in exams. These are the Human Development class 12 Notes prepared by team of expert teachers. The revision notes help you revise the whole chapter 3 in minutes. Revision notes in exam days is one of the best tips recommended by teachers during exam days.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a class=\"button\" href=\"https:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/downloads\/cbse-class-12-geography\/1863\/cbse-revision-notes\/7\/\">Download Revision Notes as PDF<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Revision_Notes_of_Class_12_Geography_Chapter_3_Human_Development\"><\/span><strong>Revision Notes of Class 12 Geography Chapter 3 Human Development<br \/>\n<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><strong>Growth and Development<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Both refer to changes over a period of time<\/p>\n<p>Development means a qualitative change which always values positive<\/p>\n<p>Development takes place due to an increment or addition to the existing conditions<\/p>\n<p>Development occurs when there is a positive change in quality<\/p>\n<p>A country&#8217;s development level measured by its economic growth<\/p>\n<p>Aspects of development are quality of life people enjoy in a country, opportunities they have and freedom they enjoy<\/p>\n<p>Two social economies Mahbub-Ul-Haq and Amartya Sen works in Human development ideas<\/p>\n<p>Concept of human development introduced by Mahabub-ul-Haq<\/p>\n<p>According to him, development that enlarges people&#8217;s choices and improve their lives<\/p>\n<p>Basic goal of development is to create conditions where people can live meaningful lives<\/p>\n<p>Key areas in human development are access to resources, health and education<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Four_pillars_of_human_development\"><\/span><strong>Four pillars of human development<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><strong>1 <\/strong>Equity- refers to making equal access to opportunities available to everybody The<br \/>\nopportunities available to people must be equal irrespective of their gender, race, income and<br \/>\nin the Indian case, caste<\/p>\n<p>2 Sustainability- Sustainability means continuity in the availability of opportunities All environmental, financial and human resources must be used keeping in mind the future Misuse of any of these resources will lead to fewer opportunities for future generations<\/p>\n<p>3 Productivity- It means human labour productivity or productivity in terms of human<br \/>\nwork Such productivity must be constantly enriched by building capabilities in people Efforts to increase their knowledge, or provide better health facilities ultimately leads to better work efficiency<\/p>\n<p>4 Empowerment means to have the power to make choices Such power comes from increasing freedom and capability Good governance and people-oriented policies are<br \/>\nrequired to empower people<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Approaches_to_human_development\"><\/span><strong>Approaches to human development<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Important approaches are-<\/p>\n<p>1 Income approach- This is one of the oldest approaches to human development It is<br \/>\nlinked to income The idea is that the level of income reflects the level of freedom an individual enjoys Higher the level of income, the higher is the level of human development<\/p>\n<p>2 Welfare approach- This approach looks at human beings as beneficiaries or targets of all development activities The approach argues for higher government expenditure on education, health, social secondary and amenities<\/p>\n<p>3 Minimum needs approach- This approach was initially proposed by the International Labour Organisation (ILO) Six basic needs i e : health, education, food, water supply, sanitation, and housing were identified<\/p>\n<p>4 Capabilities approach- This approach is associated with Prof Amartya Sen Building human capabilities in the areas of health,education and access to resources is the key to increasing human development<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Measuring_human_development\"><\/span><strong>Measuring human development<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Human development index (HDI) based on their performance in the area of health, education and access to resources<\/p>\n<p>Rankings are based on a score between 0-1 that a country earns in the field of human development<\/p>\n<p>Important indicator of human development index are-(i) Access health is the life expectancy at birth Higher life expectancy means people have a greater chance of living longer and healthy life<\/p>\n<p>(ii) Access to Knowledge- The adult literacy rate and the gross enrolment ratio The number of adults who are able to read and write and the number of children enrolled in school<\/p>\n<p>(iii) Access to resources- It is measured in terms of purchasing power (in U S dollars)<\/p>\n<p>HDI is a sum total of the weight assigned to all these dimensions<\/p>\n<p>Dimensions give a weightage of 1\/3<\/p>\n<p>Score 1 means greater level of human development<\/p>\n<p>Score of 0 985 means very high level of human development<\/p>\n<p>Score of 0 268 means very low level of human development<\/p>\n<p>HDI measures attainments in human development<\/p>\n<p>Human poverty index is related to the HDI<\/p>\n<p>It measures the shortfall in human development<\/p>\n<p>Shortfall in human development in any region is measured on the basis of<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; adult illiteracy rate<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; unable to access clean water<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; number of children who are underweight<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; low life expectancy (till 40 age)<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"International_comparison\"><\/span><strong>International comparison<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Smaller countries have done better than larger areas in human development<br \/>\nPoorest nations ranked higher than richer neighbours<br \/>\nExample Sri Lanka, Trinidad and Tobago score high rank in HDI than India<br \/>\nIn India, Kerela has the highest HDI than Punjab and Gujarat<br \/>\nCountries classified into 4 groups on the basis of the human development score<br \/>\n&#8211; Very high (more than 0 808)-49 countries<br \/>\n&#8211; High (between 0 700-0 807)- 53 countries<br \/>\nReason-(i) providing education and health care is an important government priority<br \/>\n(ii) a lot of investment in the social sector Eg Europe<br \/>\n&#8211; Medium(between 0 556-0 699)- 42 countries<br \/>\nReason-(i) Most of the countries emerged in the period of World War II<br \/>\n(ii) Countries are former colonies<br \/>\n(iii) Many emerged after the breakup of the erstwhile Soviet Union in 1990<br \/>\n&#8211; Low(below 0 555)- 43 countries<br \/>\nReason-(i) Political turmoil<br \/>\n(ii) social instability in the form of civil war<br \/>\n(iii) famines or high incidence of diseases<br \/>\nTo understand the low or high levels of human development it is important to look at the pattern of government expenditure on the social sector, the political environment, the amount of freedom people have<br \/>\nImportant steps taken by countries to achieve high level of human development are<br \/>\n(i) they invest more in the social sectors<br \/>\n(ii) free from political turmoil and instability<br \/>\nCountries with low level of human development is mainly due to-do<br \/>\n(i)spend more on defence rather than social sector<br \/>\n(ii) political instability<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"CBSE_Class_12_Revision_Notes_%E2%80%93_in_PDF_Download\"><\/span><strong>CBSE Class 12 Revision Notes &#8211; in PDF Download<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>CBSE quick revision note for class-12 Geography, Chemistry, Math\u2019s, Biology and other subject are very helpful to revise the whole syllabus during exam days. The revision notes covers all important formulas and concepts given in the chapter. Even if you wish to have an overview of a chapter, quick revision notes are here to do if for you. These notes will certainly save your time during stressful exam days.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/downloads\/cbse-class-12-physics\/1251\/cbse-revision-notes\/7\/\">Physics<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/downloads\/cbse-class-12-chemistry\/1267\/cbse-revision-notes\/7\/\">Chemistry<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/downloads\/cbse-class-12-mathematics\/1284\/cbse-revision-notes\/7\/\">Mathematics<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/downloads\/cbse-class-12-biology\/1298\/cbse-revision-notes\/7\/\">Biology<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/downloads\/cbse-class-12-accountancy\/1315\/cbse-revision-notes\/7\/\">Accountancy<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/downloads\/cbse-class-12-economics\/1327\/cbse-revision-notes\/7\/\">Economics<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/downloads\/cbse-class-12-business-studies\/1727\/cbse-revision-notes\/7\/\">Business Studies<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/downloads\/cbse-class-12-computer-science\/1851\/cbse-revision-notes\/7\/\">Computer Science<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/downloads\/cbse-class-12-informatics-practices\/1873\/cbse-revision-notes\/7\/\">Informatics Practices<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/downloads\/cbse-class-12-english-core\/1855\/cbse-revision-notes\/7\/\">English Core<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/downloads\/cbse-class-12-history\/1869\/cbse-revision-notes\/7\/\">History<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/downloads\/cbse-class-12-physical-education\/1877\/cbse-revision-notes\/7\/\">Physical Education<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>To download Geography, sample paper for class 12 Physics, Chemistry, Biology, History, Political Science, Economics, Geography, Computer Science, Home Science, Accountancy, Geography and Home Science; do check myCBSEguide app or website. myCBSEguide provides sample papers with solution, test papers for chapter-wise practice, NCERT solutions, NCERT Exemplar solutions, quick revision notes for ready reference, CBSE guess papers and CBSE important question papers. Sample Paper all are made available through <a href=\"https:\/\/play.google.com\/store\/apps\/details?id=in.techchefs.MyCBSEGuide&amp;referrer=utm_source%3Dmycbse_bottom%26utm_medium%3Dtext%26utm_campaign%3Dmycbseads\"><strong>the best app for CBSE students<\/strong><\/a>\u00a0and myCBSEguide website.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"entry-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/blog\/human-geography-nature-scope-class-12-notes-geography\/\">Human Geography nature and scope class 12 Notes Geography<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"entry-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/blog\/world-population-class-12-notes-geography\/\">The World Population class 12 Notes Geography<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"entry-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/blog\/population-composition-class-12-notes-geography\/\">Population Composition class 12 Notes Geography<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"entry-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/blog\/human-development-class-12-notes-geography\/\">Human Development class 12 Notes Geography<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"entry-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/blog\/primary-activities-class-12-notes-geography\/\">Primary Activities class 12 Notes Geography<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"entry-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/blog\/secondary-activities-class-12-notes-geography\/\">Secondary Activities class 12 Notes Geography<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"entry-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/blog\/tertiary-quaternary-activities-class-12-notes-geography\/\">Tertiary and Quaternary Activities class 12 Notes Geography<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"entry-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/blog\/transport-communication-activities-class-12-notes-geography\/\">Transport and Communication Activities class 12 Notes Geography<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"entry-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/blog\/international-trade-class-12-notes-geography\/\">International Trade class 12 Notes Geography<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"entry-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/blog\/human-settlements-class-12-notes-geography\/\">Human Settlements class 12 Notes Geography<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"entry-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/blog\/population-class-12-notes-geography\/\">Population class 12 Notes Geography<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"entry-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/blog\/migration-class-12-notes-geography\/\">Migration class 12 Notes Geography<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"entry-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/blog\/human-development-class-12-notes-geography-2\/\">Human Development class 12 Notes Geography<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"entry-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/blog\/human-settlements-class-12-notes-geography-2\/\">Human Settlements class 12 Notes Geography<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"entry-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/blog\/land-resource-agriculture-class-12-notes-geography\/\">Land Resource and Agriculture class 12 Notes Geography<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"entry-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/blog\/water-resource-class-12-notes-geography\/\">Water resource class 12 Notes Geography<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"entry-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/blog\/mineral-energy-resources-class-12-notes-geography\/\">Mineral and Energy Resources class 12 Notes Geography<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"entry-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/blog\/manufacturing-industries-class-12-notes-geography\/\">Manufacturing Industries class 12 Notes Geography<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"entry-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/blog\/planning-sustainable-development-class-12-notes-geography\/\">Planning and Sustainable Development class 12 Notes Geography<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"entry-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/blog\/transport-communication-class-12-notes-geography\/\">Transport And Communication class 12 Notes Geography<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"entry-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/blog\/international-trade-class-12-notes-geography-2\/\">International Trade class 12 Notes Geography<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"entry-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/blog\/geographical-perspective-class-12-notes-geography\/\">Geographical Perspective class 12 Notes Geography<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Human Development class 12 Notes Geography in PDF are available for free download in myCBSEguide mobile app. The best app for CBSE students now provides Human Development class 12 Notes Geography latest chapter wise notes for quick preparation of CBSE board exams and school-based annual examinations. Class 12 Geography notes on chapter 3 Human Development &#8230; <a title=\"Human Development Class 12 Notes Geography\" class=\"read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/blog\/human-development-class-12-notes-geography-2\/\" aria-label=\"More on Human Development Class 12 Notes Geography\">Read more<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[48,456],"tags":[457,150,853,871,240],"class_list":["post-10248","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-cbse-class-12","category-revision-notes","tag-cbse-notes","tag-cbse-notes-and-key-points","tag-geography-notes","tag-human-development","tag-quick-revision-notes"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.0 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Human Development Class 12 Notes Geography | myCBSEguide<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Human Development class 12 Notes Geography chapter 3 in PDF format for free download. 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