{"id":10153,"date":"2018-02-16T10:34:31","date_gmt":"2018-02-16T05:04:31","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/blog\/?p=10153"},"modified":"2018-03-17T16:19:04","modified_gmt":"2018-03-17T10:49:04","slug":"paths-modernization-class-11-notes-history","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/blog\/paths-modernization-class-11-notes-history\/","title":{"rendered":"Paths to Modernization class 11 Notes History"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_76 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 eztoc-toggle-hide-by-default' ><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-2' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/blog\/paths-modernization-class-11-notes-history\/#CBSE_Guide_Paths_to_Modernization_class_11_Notes\" >CBSE Guide Paths to Modernization class 11 Notes<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/blog\/paths-modernization-class-11-notes-history\/#Paths_to_Modernization_class_11_Notes_History\" >Paths to Modernization class 11 Notes History<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/blog\/paths-modernization-class-11-notes-history\/#Download_Revision_Notes_as_PDF\" >Download Revision Notes as PDF<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-2' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/blog\/paths-modernization-class-11-notes-history\/#Paths_to_Modernization_class_11_Notes\" >Paths to Modernization class 11 Notes<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/blog\/paths-modernization-class-11-notes-history\/#CBSE_Class-11_Revision_Notes_and_Key_Points\" >CBSE Class-11 Revision Notes and Key Points<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<p>CBSE History Chapter 11 Paths to Modernization class 11 Notes History in PDF are available for free download in myCBSEguide mobile app. The best app for CBSE students now provides Paths to Modernization class 11 Notes History latest chapter wise notes for quick preparation of CBSE exams and school based annual examinations. Class 11 History notes on Chapter 11 Paths to Modernization class 11 Notes History are also available for download in CBSE Guide website.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"CBSE_Guide_Paths_to_Modernization_class_11_Notes\"><\/span><strong>CBSE Guide Paths to Modernization class 11 Notes<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>CBSE guide notes are the comprehensive notes which covers the latest syllabus of CBSE and NCERT. It includes all the topics given in NCERT class 11 History text book. Users can download CBSE guide quick revision notes from myCBSEguide mobile app and my CBSE guide website.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Paths_to_Modernization_class_11_Notes_History\"><\/span><strong>Paths to Modernization class 11 Notes History<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Download CBSE class 11th revision notes for Chapter 11 Paths to Modernization class 11 Notes History in PDF format for free. Download revision notes for Paths to Modernization class 11 Notes History and score high in exams. These are the Paths to Modernization class 11 Notes History prepared by team of expert teachers. The revision notes help you revise the whole chapter in minutes. Revising notes in exam days is on of the best tips recommended by teachers during exam days.<\/p>\n<h1 style=\"text-align: center\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Download_Revision_Notes_as_PDF\"><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/downloads\/cbse-class-11-history\/1870\/cbse-revision-notes\/7\/\"><strong>Download Revision Notes as PDF<\/strong><\/a><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h1>\n<p><strong>CHAPTER 11:\u00a0PATHS TO MODERNIZATION<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>SNIPPETS FROM THE CHAPTER<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Sources\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Official Record<\/li>\n<li>Dynastic history<\/li>\n<li>Scholarly writings<\/li>\n<li>Popular literature<\/li>\n<li>Religious Literature<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Introduction:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Different societies have evolved their distinctive modernities. The Japanese and Chinese cases are very instructive in this regard. Japan succeeded in remaining free of colonial control and achieved fairly rapid economic and industrial progress throughout the twentieth century.\u00a0The Chinese resisted colonial exploitation and their own bureaucratic landed elite through a combination of peasant rebellion, reform and revolution. Both these countires are situated in far East Asia, yet, they present a marked physical contrast.<\/p>\n<p><strong>JAPAN<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Physical Features<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Japan\u00a0is a string of islands, the four largest being Honshu, Kyushu, Shikoku and Hokkaido.<\/li>\n<li>There is no major river system.<\/li>\n<li>More than 50 per cent of the land area of the main islands is mountainous and Japan is situated in a very active earthquake zone.<\/li>\n<li>There are various\u00a0homogenous ethnic group, like there are a small Ainu minority and Koreans who were forcibly brought as labour when Korea was a Japanese colony.<\/li>\n<li>Language spoken in mostly Japanese.<\/li>\n<li>Japan lacks a tradition of animal rearing.<\/li>\n<li>Rice is the staple crop and fish the major source of protein.<\/li>\n<li>Raw fish (sashimi or sushi) has now become a widely popular dish around the world as it is considered very healthy.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Political System<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Japan became a modern country from the days of petty <em>daimyo <\/em>of Japan.<\/li>\n<li>In the twelfth century the imperial court lost power to shoguns, who in theory ruled in the name of the emperor, with the help of <em>samurais (<\/em>the warrior class)<em>\u00a0<\/em>and <em>daimyo<\/em> with their capital in Edo (modern Tokyo).<\/li>\n<li>In the sixteenth century, Samurai insured peace and order.<\/li>\n<li>Japan was divided into more than 250 domains under the rule of lords called\u00a0<em>daimyo.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>In the late sixteenth century, three changes laid the pattern for future development.<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>The peasantry was disarmed and only the samurai could carry swords. This ensured peace and order, ending the frequent wars of the previous century.<\/li>\n<li>The <em>daimyo <\/em>were ordered to live in the capitals of their domains, each with a large degree of autonomy.<\/li>\n<li>The\u00a0land surveys identified owners and taxpayers and graded land productivity to ensure a stable revenue base.-<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n<li>By the mid-seventeenth century, Japan had the most populated city in the world \u2013 Edo \u2013 but also had two other large cities \u2013 Osaka and Kyoto.<\/li>\n<li>Growth of a commercial economy and a vibrant culture\u00a0blossomed in the towns, where the fast growing class of merchants patronised theater and the arts.<\/li>\n<li>Increased use of money and creation of stock market led the economy in new ways.<\/li>\n<li>Social and intellectual changes took place &#8211; such as the study of ancient Japanese literature \u2013 led people to question the degree of Chinese influence and study of ancient Japanese literature promoted.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>The Meiji Restoration<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>The Meiji restoration is termed as one of the most momentous events in the Japanese history.<\/li>\n<li>There was demands for trade and diplomatic relations. In 1853, the USA\u00a0demanded Japan\u00a0 that the government sign a treaty that would permit trade and open diplomatic relations.<\/li>\n<li>Japan lay on the route to China which the USA saw as a major market.\u00a0At that time, there was only one Western country that traded with Japan, Holland.<\/li>\n<li>In 1868, a movement removed Shogun and brought Emperor to Edo.\u00a0This was made the capital and renamed Tokyo, which means \u2018eastern capital\u2019.<\/li>\n<li>British dominance in Asia alerted Japan, and scholars there wanted to learn European modern ideas. Many scholars and leaders wanted to learn from the new ideas in Europe; others sought to exclude the Europeans even while being ready to adopt the new technologies they offered. Some argued for a gradual and limited \u2018opening\u2019 to the outer world.<\/li>\n<li>To develop their economy and build a strong army, the government with the slogan slogan \u2018<em>fukoku kyohei<\/em>\u2019 (rich country, strong army), created a sense of nationhood among the people and transform subjects into citizens.<\/li>\n<li>The government also built the &#8217;emperor system&#8217; &#8211;\u00a0a system, where mperor along with the bureaucracy and the military, exercised power.\u00a0The Emperor was treated with reverence as he was considered a direct descendant of the Sun Goddess but he was also shown as the leader of westernisation. His birthday became a national holiday, he wore Western-style military uniforms.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Meiji Reforms<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><u>Administrative Reforms<\/u>:\u00a0The Meiji government imposed a new administrative structure by altering old village and domain boundaries to integrate the nation.<strong>\u00a0<\/strong>In 1871, feudalism was abolished under the Meiji rule.<\/li>\n<li><u>Economic Reforms<\/u>: Another\u00a0Meiji reforms was the modernising of the economy.\u00a0Japan\u2019s first railway line, between Tokyo and the port of Yokohama, was built in 1870-72. In 1872, modern banking institutions were launched.\u00a0<em>Zaibatsu <\/em>(business families) dominated the economy.<\/li>\n<li><u>Industrial Reforms<\/u>:\u00a0Textile machinery was imported from Europe, and foreign technicians were employed to train workers, as well as to teach in universities and schools, and Japanese students were sent abroad.\u00a0The number of people in manufacturing increased.\u00a0Over half of those employed in modern factories were women.\u00a0The size of factories also began to increase.<\/li>\n<li><u>Agricultural Reforms<\/u>:\u00a0Funds were raised by levying an agricultural tax.<\/li>\n<li><u>Constitutional Reforms<\/u>: In 1889, Japan adopted the a new constitution. The Meiji Constitution had created a Diet and declared emperor as the commander of the forces, it was based on a restricted franchise.<\/li>\n<li><u>Educational Reforms:<\/u>\u00a0A new school system began to be built from the 1870s. Schooling was compulsory for boys and girls and by 1910 almost universal. Tuition fees were minimal. Tokyo Universtiy was established in 1877.<\/li>\n<li>\u00a0<u>Military Reforms<\/u>:<strong>\u00a0<\/strong>All young men over twenty had to do a period of military service. A modern military force was developed. The military and the bureaucracy were put under the direct command of the emperor.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><strong>Re-emergence of Japan as a Global Economic Power<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>During the 1930, Japan excercised imperialist policy and invaded China to extend its colonial empire. Japan\u2019s attempt to carve out a colonial empire ended with its defeat by the Allied forces. However, it was defeated in the World War II when US dropped atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki. It resulted in huge destruction of masses.\u00a0Under the US-led Occupation (1945-47) Japan was demilitarised and a new constitution introduced.\u00a0Japanese philosopher <strong>Miyake Setsurei<\/strong> (1860-1945) argued that each nation must develop its special talents in the interest of world civilisation: The rapid rebuilding of the Japanese economy after its shattering defeat was called a post-war \u2018<strong>miracle<\/strong>\u2019.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>The new constitution had Article 9, the so-called \u2018no war clause\u2019 that renounces the use of war as an instrument of state policy.<\/li>\n<li>Agrarian reforms, the re-establishment of trade unions and an attempt to dismantle the <em>zaibatsu<\/em> or large monopoly houses that dominated the Japanese economy were also carried out.<\/li>\n<li>Constitution was democratised.<\/li>\n<li>Political parties were revived and the first post-war elections held in 1946.<\/li>\n<li>Suffrage was given to women in the elections of 1946.<\/li>\n<li>There was close relation between the government, bureaucracy and industry.<\/li>\n<li>Japan also introduced better goods at cheaper rates in the market with its\u00a0advanced technologies.<\/li>\n<li>US support, as well as the demand created by the Korean and the Vietnamese wars also helped the Japanese economy.<\/li>\n<li>The 1964 Olympics held in Tokyo, it symbolised the maturity of Japan&#8217;s economy.<\/li>\n<li>The introduction of network of high-speed <strong>Shinkansen <\/strong>or bullet trains, started in 1964, which ran at 200 miles per hour, added to it prosperity.<\/li>\n<li>In 1960s several pressure groups protested against industrial pollution. Industrialisation was pushed with utter disregard with the growth of civil society movements, due to its harmful effect on health and the environment.<\/li>\n<li>Government action and new legal regulations helped to improve conditions.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>CHINA<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><b>Physical Features<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>China is a vast continental country that spans many climatic zones.<\/li>\n<li>The core is dominated by three major river systems: the Yellow River (Huang He), the Yangtse River (Chang Jiang \u2013 the third longest river in the world) and the Pearl River.<\/li>\n<li>A large part of the country is mountainous.<\/li>\n<li>There are divergent ethnic group &#8211; Han,\u00a0Uighur, Hui, Manchu and Tibetan.<\/li>\n<li>Major languages spoken are\u00a0Chinese and Cantonese.<\/li>\n<li>Chinese food reflects this regional diversity. Southern or Cantonese cuisine\u00a0include dim sum (literally touch your heart), an assortment of pastries and dumpling. While, in the north, wheat is the staple food while in Szechuan spices\u00a0have created a fiery cuisine. In eastern China, both rice and wheat are eaten.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>History of China\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>The beginning of modern China can be traced to its first encounter with the West in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries.<\/li>\n<li>During 1839-42, British won the first opium war in China and snatched power from the Qing dynasty. The second opium war was fought in 1856-60.<\/li>\n<li>It revolves around three questions &#8211; a) How to regain Sovereignty\u00a0b) End the humiliation of Foreign Occupation c) Bring out equality and development.<\/li>\n<li>There were three views:<br \/>\ni) Liang Qichao used traditional ideas in new and different way to meet Western challenges. He\u00a0popularised Chinese nationalism.<br \/>\nii)\u00a0Republican revolutionaries Sun Yat Sen inspired by the ideas from the Japan and the West. He\u00a0was the founder of the modern China\u00a0and established a republic in 1911 AD.<br \/>\niii) The Communist Party of China (CCP) wanted to end age-old inequalities and dispel foreigners.<\/li>\n<li>Later, the Guomindang (the National People\u2019s Party) along with the CCP\u00a0strived to unite Chinese.<\/li>\n<li>Chiang Kai Shek, leader of the Guomindang, militarised China.<\/li>\n<li>Mao Zedong, CCP leader, organised a Soviets or peasant councils and fought Japanese colonisation.<\/li>\n<li>When <strong>Guomindang <\/strong>(the National People\u2019s Party) intensified attacks, the Soviets shifted the base to Yanan, after a \u2018Long March\u2019. The <strong>Communist Party<\/strong> captured power and established the People\u2019s Republic in 1949.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Establishing the Republic:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Manchu dynasty overthrown and a republic established in 1911 under Sun Yat-Sen.\u00a0He studied medicine but was greatly concerned about the fate of China.<\/li>\n<li>Yat-Sen&#8217;s programme was called the Three Principles &#8211;\u00a0These were <strong>nationalism <\/strong>\u2013 this meant overthrowing the Manchu who were seen as a foreign dynasty, as well as other foreign imperialists; <strong>democracy <\/strong>or establishing democratic government; and <strong>socialism <\/strong>regulating capital and equalizing landholdings..<\/li>\n<li>Revolutionaries asked for &#8211;\u00a0 driving out the foreigners to control natural resources, to remove inequalities, reduce poverty.<\/li>\n<li>Advocated reforms &#8211;\u00a0 use of simple language, abolish foot binding and female subordination, equality in marriage and economic development.<\/li>\n<li>Sun Yat-sen\u2019s ideas became the basis of the political philosophy of the Guomindang which were identified the \u2018four great needs\u00a0&#8211;\u00a0 clothing food, housing and transportation.<\/li>\n<li>After the death of Sun, Chiang Kaishek (1887-1975) emerged as the leader of the Guomindang. He launched\u00a0military campaign to control the &#8216;warlords&#8217;, regional leaders who had usurped authority, and to eliminate the communists.<\/li>\n<li>He advocated a secular and rational \u2018this-worldly\u2019 <strong>Confucianism<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li>He encouraged women to cultivate the four virtues of \u2018chastity, appearance, speech and work\u2019 and recognise their role as confined to the household.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>The <strong>Guomindang <\/strong>despite its attempts to unite the country failed because of its shallow social and political vision:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Sun Yat-Sen&#8217;s programme of regulating capital and equalising land &#8211; was never carried out.<\/li>\n<li>the party ignored the peasantry and the rising social inequalities. It sought to impose military order rather then address the problems faced by the people.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>The rise of the Communist Party of China<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>When the Japanese invaded China in 1937, the Guomindang retreated. The long and exhausting war weakened China. Prices rose 30 per cent per month between 1945 and 1949, and utterly destroyed the lives of ordinary people.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Factors<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>. Rural China faced two crises<\/p>\n<p>(a) Ecological Factors:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Soil Exhanstion<\/li>\n<li>Deforestation<\/li>\n<li>Floods<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>(b) Socio &#8211; Economic Factors<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Exploitative land-tenure systems<\/li>\n<li>Indebtedness<\/li>\n<li>Primitive Technology<\/li>\n<li>Poor Communications<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>The CCP had been founded in 1921, soon after the Russian Revolution.\u00a0<strong>Mao Zedong<\/strong> (1893-1976), who emerged as a major CCP leader, took a different path by basing his revolutionary programme on the peasantry. His success made the CCP a powerful political force that ultimately won against the Guomindang. In 1949, Communist Government was established in China and began a new age in the history of China.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Establishing the New Democracy 1949-65<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The Peoples Republic of China government was established in 1949.<br \/>\nIt was based on the principles of the \u2018New Democracy\u2019, an alliance of all social classes.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Critical areas of the economy were put under government control.<\/li>\n<li>Private enterprise and Private ownership of land were abolished.<\/li>\n<li>The Great Leap Forward movement launched in 1958 was a policy to galvanise the country to industrialise rapidly.<\/li>\n<li>Mao was able to mobilise the masses to attain the goals set by the Party. His concern was with creating a \u2018socialist man\u2019 who would have five loves: fatherland, people, labour, science and public property.<\/li>\n<li>Liu Shaochi (1896-1969) and Deng Xiaoping (1904-97) tried to modify the commune system as it was not working efficiently. The steel produced in the backyard furnaces was unusable industrially.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>The conflict between the concept of &#8216;socialist man&#8217; and those who objected to his emphasis on ideology rather than expertise led Mao to launch the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution in 1965.<\/li>\n<li>The Red Guards, mainly students and the army, was used for a campaign against old culture, old customs and old habits.<\/li>\n<li>Students and professionals were sent to the countryside to learn from the masses.<\/li>\n<li>Ideology became more important than professional knowledge. Denunciations and slogans replaced rational debate.<\/li>\n<li>The Cultural Revolution began a period of turmoil, weakened the Party and severely disrupted the economy and educational system.<\/li>\n<li>In 1975, the party once again laid emphasis on greater social discipline and the need to build an industrial economy.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Reforms of 1978 Deng Xiaoping<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Deng Xiaoping kept party control strong while introducing a socialist market economy.<\/li>\n<li>In 1978, the Party declared its goal as the Four Modernisations\u00a0 &#8211;\u00a0 science, industry, agriculture and defence.<\/li>\n<li>\u2018The Fifth Modernisation\u2019 proclaimed that without Democracy\u00a0the other modernisations would come to nothing.<\/li>\n<li>in 1989, on the seventieth anniversary of the May Fourth movement many intellectuals called for a greater openness and an end to \u2018ossified dogmas\u2019 (su shaozhi).<\/li>\n<li>Student demonstrators at Tiananmen Square in Beijing were brutally repressed.<\/li>\n<li>The post-reform period has seen the emergence of debates on ways to develop China.<\/li>\n<li>Growing revival of traditional ideas of Confucianism and arguments that China can build a modern society based on its own traditions rather than simply copying the West.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>The Story of Taiwan<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Taiwan had been a Japanese colony since the Chinese ceded it after the 1894-95 war with Japan.<\/li>\n<li>The Cairo Declaration (1943) and the Potsdam Proclamation (1949) restored sovereignty to China.<\/li>\n<li>The GMD, under Chiang Kai-shek went on to establish a repressive government forbidding the freedom of speech,\u00a0political opposition banned.<\/li>\n<li>They\u00a0excluded the local population from positions of power.they carried out land reforms that increased agricultural productivity and modernised the economy s<\/li>\n<li>Transformation of Taiwan into a democracy after the death of Chiang in 1975.<\/li>\n<li>Martial law lifted in 1987 and opposition parties were legally permitted.<\/li>\n<li>Diplomatically most countries have only trade missions in Taiwan instead of complete diplomatic ties\u00a0because it (Taiwan) is considered to be part of China.<\/li>\n<li>The question of re-unification with the mainland remains a contentious issue but \u201c Cross Strait\u201d relations (that is between Taiwan and China) have been improving.<\/li>\n<li>China may be willing to tolerate a semi-autonomous Taiwan as long as it gives up any move to seek independence.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Two Roads to Modernisation<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>The histories of Japan and China show how different historical conditions led them on widely divergent paths to building independent and modern nations.<\/li>\n<li>Japan was successful in retaining its independence and using traditional skills and practices in new ways.<\/li>\n<li>In the Sino-Japanese War (1894-95) China faced a humiliating defeat.\u00a0On 17 April 1895, Treaty of Shimonseki was signed between China and Japan,\u00a0ending the First Sino-Japanese War.<\/li>\n<li>The Chinese became vulnerable after their defeat and declared that both China and Japan needed reforms for modernisation.<\/li>\n<li>Sino-Japanese war served the basis for the Anglo-Japanese alliance in 1902.<\/li>\n<li>The Chinese path to modernisation was very different.<\/li>\n<li>Foreign imperialism, both Western and Japanese, combined with a hesitant and unsure Qing dynasty to weaken government control.<\/li>\n<li>The nineteenth and twentieth centuries saw a rejection of traditions and a search for ways to build national unity and strength.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Timeline: <\/strong>Refer to page number 248<br \/>\n<strong>Keywords<\/strong>:\u00a0Confucianism, Opium war,\u00a0Modernisation, Meiji,\u00a0May Fourth movement<strong>\u00a0 (<\/strong>60 years earlier, there was an exciting explosion of new ideas),\u00a0Communist,\u00a0Proletarian, Daimyo, dim sum.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Paths_to_Modernization_class_11_Notes\"><\/span>Paths to Modernization class 11 Notes<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>CBSE Revision notes (PDF Download) Free<\/li>\n<li>CBSE Revision notes for Class 11 History PDF<\/li>\n<li>CBSE Revision notes Class 11 History \u2013 CBSE<\/li>\n<li>CBSE Revisions notes and Key Points Class 11 History<\/li>\n<li>Summary of the NCERT books all chapters in History class 11<\/li>\n<li>Short notes for CBSE class 11th History<\/li>\n<li>Key notes and chapter summary of History class 11<\/li>\n<li>Quick revision notes for CBSE exams<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"CBSE_Class-11_Revision_Notes_and_Key_Points\"><\/span><strong>CBSE Class-11 Revision Notes and Key Points<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Paths to Modernization class 11 Notes History. CBSE quick revision note for class-11 Mathematics, Physics, Chemistry, Biology and other subject are very helpful to revise the whole syllabus during exam days. The revision notes covers all important formulas and concepts given in the chapter. Even if you wish to have an overview of a chapter, quick revision notes are here to do if for you. These notes will certainly save your time during stressful exam days.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/downloads\/cbse-class-11-physics\/1340\/cbse-revision-notes\/7\/\">Revision Notes for class-11 Physics<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/downloads\/cbse-class-11-chemistry\/1356\/cbse-revision-notes\/7\/\">Revision Notes for class-11 Chemistry<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/downloads\/cbse-class-11-mathematics\/1371\/cbse-revision-notes\/7\/\">Revision Notes for class-11 Mathematics<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/downloads\/cbse-class-11-biology\/1388\/cbse-revision-notes\/7\/\">Revision Notes for class-11 Biology<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/downloads\/cbse-class-11-accountancy\/1411\/cbse-revision-notes\/7\/\">Revision Notes for class-11 Accountancy<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/downloads\/cbse-class-11-economics\/1423\/cbse-revision-notes\/7\/\">Revision Notes for class-11 Economics<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/downloads\/cbse-class-11-business-studies\/1740\/cbse-revision-notes\/7\/\">Revision Notes for class-11 Business Studies<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/downloads\/cbse-class-11-computer-science\/1852\/cbse-revision-notes\/7\/\">Revision Notes for class-11 Computer Science<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/downloads\/cbse-class-11-informatics-practices\/1874\/cbse-revision-notes\/7\/\">Revision Notes for class-11 Informatics Practices<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/downloads\/cbse-class-11-geography\/1864\/cbse-revision-notes\/7\/\">Revision Notes for class-11 Geography<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>To download Paths to Modernization class 11 Notes, sample paper for class 11 Chemistry, Physics, Biology, History, Political Science, Economics, Geography, Computer Science, Home Science, Accountancy, Business Studies and Home Science; do check myCBSEguide app or website. myCBSEguide provides sample papers with solution, test papers for chapter-wise practice, NCERT solutions, NCERT Exemplar solutions, quick revision notes for ready reference, CBSE guess papers and CBSE important question papers. Sample Paper all are made available through\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/play.google.com\/store\/apps\/details?id=in.techchefs.MyCBSEGuide&amp;referrer=utm_source%3Dmycbse_bottom%26utm_medium%3Dtext%26utm_campaign%3Dmycbseads\"><strong>the best app for CBSE students<\/strong><\/a>\u00a0and myCBSEguide website.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"entry-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/blog\/beginning-time-class-11-notes-history\/\">From the Beginning of Time class 11 Notes History<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"entry-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/blog\/empire-across-three-continents-class-11-notes-history\/\">An Empire Across Three Continents class 11 Notes History<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"entry-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/blog\/nomadic-empires-class-11-notes-history\/\">Nomadic Empires class 11 Notes History<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"entry-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/blog\/confrontation-cultures-class-11-notes-history\/\">Confrontation of Cultures class 11 Notes History<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"entry-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/blog\/displacing-indigenous-people-class-11-notes-history\/\">Displacing Indigenous People class 11 Notes History<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"entry-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/blog\/paths-modernization-class-11-notes-history\/\">Paths to Modernization class 11 Notes History<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"entry-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/blog\/writing-city-life-class-11-notes-history-2\/\">Writing and city life class 11 Notes History<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"entry-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/blog\/industrial-revolution-class-11-notes-history\/\">Industrial Revolution class 11 Notes History<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>CBSE History Chapter 11 Paths to Modernization class 11 Notes History in PDF are available for free download in myCBSEguide mobile app. The best app for CBSE students now provides Paths to Modernization class 11 Notes History latest chapter wise notes for quick preparation of CBSE exams and school based annual examinations. Class 11 History &#8230; <a title=\"Paths to Modernization class 11 Notes History\" class=\"read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/blog\/paths-modernization-class-11-notes-history\/\" aria-label=\"More on Paths to Modernization class 11 Notes History\">Read more<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":10099,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[47,456],"tags":[457,150,828,849,426,240],"class_list":["post-10153","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-cbse-class-11","category-revision-notes","tag-cbse-notes","tag-cbse-notes-and-key-points","tag-history-notes","tag-paths-to-modernization","tag-quick-revision","tag-quick-revision-notes"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.0 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Paths to Modernization class 11 Notes History | myCBSEguide<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Paths to Modernization class 11 Notes History Chapter 11 in PDF format for free download. 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