{"id":10052,"date":"2018-02-15T14:17:15","date_gmt":"2018-02-15T08:47:15","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/blog\/?p=10052"},"modified":"2018-03-17T15:33:23","modified_gmt":"2018-03-17T10:03:23","slug":"relational-database-management-system-class-11-notes-informatics-practices","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/blog\/relational-database-management-system-class-11-notes-informatics-practices\/","title":{"rendered":"Relational Database Management System class 11 Notes Informatics Practices"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_76 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 eztoc-toggle-hide-by-default' ><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-2' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/blog\/relational-database-management-system-class-11-notes-informatics-practices\/#CBSE_Guide_Relational_Database_Management_System_class_11_Notes\" >CBSE Guide Relational Database Management System class 11 Notes<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/blog\/relational-database-management-system-class-11-notes-informatics-practices\/#Relational_Database_Management_System_class_11_Notes_Informatics_Practices\" >Relational Database Management System class 11 Notes Informatics Practices<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/blog\/relational-database-management-system-class-11-notes-informatics-practices\/#Download_Revision_Notes_as_PDF\" >Download Revision Notes as PDF<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-2' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/blog\/relational-database-management-system-class-11-notes-informatics-practices\/#Relational_Database_Management_System_class_11_Notes\" >Relational Database Management System class 11 Notes<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/blog\/relational-database-management-system-class-11-notes-informatics-practices\/#CBSE_Class-11_Revision_Notes_and_Key_Points\" >CBSE Class-11 Revision Notes and Key Points<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<p>CBSE Informatics Practices Chapter 2 Relational Database Management System class 11 Notes Informatics Practices in PDF are available for free download in myCBSEguide mobile app. The best app for CBSE students now provides Relational Database Management System class 11 Notes Informatics Practices latest chapter wise notes for quick preparation of CBSE exams and school based annual examinations. Class 11 Informatics Practices notes on Chapter 2 Relational Database Management System class 11 Notes Informatics Practices are also available for download in CBSE Guide website.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"CBSE_Guide_Relational_Database_Management_System_class_11_Notes\"><\/span><strong>CBSE Guide Relational Database Management System class 11 Notes<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>CBSE guide notes are the comprehensive notes which covers the latest syllabus of CBSE and NCERT. It includes all the topics given in NCERT class 11 Informatics Practices text book. Users can download CBSE guide quick revision notes from myCBSEguide mobile app and my CBSE guide website.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Relational_Database_Management_System_class_11_Notes_Informatics_Practices\"><\/span><strong>Relational Database Management System class 11 Notes Informatics Practices<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Download CBSE class 11th revision notes for Chapter 2\u00a0 Relational Database Management System class 11 Notes Informatics Practices in PDF format for free. Download revision notes for \u00a0Relational Database Management System class 11 Notes Informatics Practices and score high in exams. These are the \u00a0Relational Database Management System class 11 Notes Informatics Practices prepared by team of expert teachers. The revision notes help you revise the whole chapter in minutes. Revising notes in exam days is on of the best tips recommended by teachers during exam days.<\/p>\n<h1 style=\"text-align: center\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Download_Revision_Notes_as_PDF\"><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/downloads\/cbse-class-11-informatics-practices\/1874\/cbse-revision-notes\/7\/\"><strong>Download Revision Notes as PDF<\/strong><\/a><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h1>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><strong>CBSE Class 11 Informatics Practices<br \/>\nRevision Notes<br \/>\nUNIT-2<br \/>\nRelational Database Management System class 11 Notes Informatics Practices<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Data: <\/strong>Basic\/raw facts about something which is not organized, for example details of some students which is not organized.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Data Item: <\/strong>Each piece of information about an entity, such as name of a person or address, age or name of a product or the price is a Data Item.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Database: <\/strong>A well organised collection of data that ensures safety, security and integrity of data.<\/p>\n<p><strong>DataBase Management System(DBMS): <\/strong>Comprehensive software that provides the essential services to create, manage and maintain the databases. In short, a DBMS provides the means to store the data in the database, to edit or delete the data stored, to search and analyze the data in the database. They also provide various safety and security mechanisms that ensures that in any case stored data will be safe and accessible.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Relational DataBase Management System(RDBMS): <\/strong>A Database Management System that conforms at-least half of the 12 rules defined by Dr. E.F. Codd (1970) in his research document. In a relational data model, the data is organized into tables (i.e. Rows and Columns). These tables are called Relations. A row in a table represents a relationship among a set of values. Since table is a collection of relationships it is generally referred to using the mathematical term Relation.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Database Systems: <\/strong>Systems comprising of Databases and Database Management Systems are simply referred as database systems.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Advantages of Data Base System:<\/strong><br \/>\n1) Reduce data redundancy (duplication of data).<br \/>\n2) Control data inconsistency to a large extent.<br \/>\n3) Database facilitate sharing of data.<br \/>\n4) Enforce standards.<br \/>\n5) Centralized databases can ensure data security.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Examples of Common Database Management Systems: <\/strong>MySQL ,INGRES, POSTGRES, ORACLE, DB2.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Levels of Database Implementation:<br \/>\n1. Internal Level (Physical Level): <\/strong>It describes how the data are actually stored on the storage media.<br \/>\n<strong>2. Conceptual Level: <\/strong>It describes what data are actually stored in the database. It also describes the relationships existing among data.<br \/>\n<strong>3. External Level (View Level): <\/strong>It is closest to the users and is concerned with the way in which the data are viewed by individual users.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" id=\"Picture 1\" src=\"https:\/\/media-mycbseguide.s3.amazonaws.com\/images\/static\/revise\/11\/informa\/ch5\/image001.jpg\" \/><\/p>\n<p><strong>Data Independence:<\/strong> The ability to modify a scheme definition in one level without affecting a scheme definition in the next higher level.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Two Level of Data Independence:<br \/>\n1. Physical Data Independence:<\/strong> It refers to the ability to modify the scheme followed at the physical level without affecting the scheme followed at the conceptual level.<br \/>\n<strong>2. Logical data Independence:<\/strong> It refers to the ability to modify the scheme followed at the conceptual level without affecting the scheme followed at the external level.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Data Model: <\/strong>A way by which data structures and their relationships are analyzed.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Different Data Models:<\/strong><br \/>\n1. Relational data model<br \/>\n2. Network data model<br \/>\n3. Hierarchical data model<\/p>\n<p><strong>Relational data model: <\/strong>In this model data is organized into tabular structures called relations. A database may contain many relations providing a better classification of data based on its nature and use. Multiple relations are then linked\/ associated together on some common key data values (foreign key).<\/p>\n<p><strong>Network Data Model: <\/strong>In this model data is represented by collections of records and relationships among data are represented by links. A record is collection of fields i.e. attributes, each of which contents only one data value.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Hierarchical data model: <\/strong>In this model records are organized as trees, data is represented by collection of records connected to one another through links.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Basics of Relational Model Relation: <\/strong>A tabular structure containing data. To be a relation it\u00a0must satisfy following four conditions:<br \/>\n\u25a0 Atomicity: At every row-column intersection (Cell) there must be an atomic value i.e. a value that can not be further subdivided.<br \/>\n\u25a0 No duplicity: No two rows of relation will be identical i.e. in any two rows value in at least one column must be different.<br \/>\n\u25a0 Ordering of rows is immaterial.<br \/>\n\u25a0 Ordering of columns is immaterial.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Tuple: <\/strong>A row in a relation is called a tuple.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Attribute: <\/strong>A column in a relation is called an attribute.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Domain: <\/strong>Domain of an attribute refers to the set of all the possible values for that attribute.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Degree: <\/strong>Number of attributes in a relation is the degree of that relation.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Cardinality: <\/strong>Number of tuples in a relation is the cardinality of that relation.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Candidate Key: <\/strong>A set of one or more minimal attributes used to uniquely identify a tuple in the relation and which can act as Primary Key. A relation can have multiple candidate keys.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Primary Key: <\/strong>A candidate key that is primarily chosen for unique identification of tuples in a Relation.<br \/>\nAny subset of Primary key should not be Primary key.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Alternate Key: <\/strong>Candidate keys that not chosen as primary key are the alternate keys.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Example: <\/strong>In a\u00a0LIBRARY Table<\/p>\n<p><strong>Candidate keys<\/strong> can be Accession no, Book no.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Primary key:<\/strong> If we select Book no as primary key for our purpose then<\/p>\n<p><strong>Alternate Key<\/strong> will be Accession No.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Views:<\/strong> A view is a virtual table whose contents are taking from other tables depending upon a condition.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Table: <\/strong>Student<\/p>\n<table border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"5\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Roll. No.<\/td>\n<td>Name<\/td>\n<td>Marks<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>101<\/td>\n<td>Anu<\/td>\n<td>85<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>102<\/td>\n<td>Riya<\/td>\n<td>70<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>103<\/td>\n<td>Ankit<\/td>\n<td>78<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>Definition of the VIEW:<br \/>\nCREATE VIEW toppers AS<br \/>\nSELECT * FROM Student<br \/>\nWHERE Marks &gt; 75;<\/strong><br \/>\nHere name of the view is toppers<br \/>\nBase table is students<br \/>\ntoppers(A virtual table based on Student table)<\/p>\n<table border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"5\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Roll. No.<\/td>\n<td>Name<\/td>\n<td>Marks<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>101<\/td>\n<td>Anu<\/td>\n<td>85<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>102<\/td>\n<td>Ankit<\/td>\n<td>78<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>INTRODUCTION TO MYSQL<br \/>\nMySQL: <\/strong>It is an Open Source RDBMS Software that uses Structured Query Language. It is available free of cost. Key Features of MySQL:<br \/>\n1. High Speed.<br \/>\n2. Ease of Use.<br \/>\n3. Available Free of Cost.<br \/>\n4. Supports standards based SQL.<br \/>\n5. Provides portability.<br \/>\n6. High Security.<br \/>\n7. Provides many data types.<br \/>\n8. Handles large database.<\/p>\n<p><strong>MySQL Data Types: <\/strong>Every column (or data item) should belong to a unique domain (known as data type). These data types help to describe the kind of information a particular column holds. MySQL supports the ANSI SQL data types. Some of the commonly used data types along with their characteristics are as follows:<\/p>\n<table border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"5\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Class<\/td>\n<td>Data Type<\/td>\n<td>Description<\/td>\n<td>Example<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Text<\/td>\n<td>CHAR(size)<\/td>\n<td>A fixed-length string between 1 and 255 characters in length right-padded with spaces to the specified length when stored. Values must be enclosed in single quotes or double quotes.<\/td>\n<td>&#8216;Maths&#8217;<br \/>\n&#8216;TexT&#8217;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>VARCHAR(size)<\/td>\n<td>A variable-length string between 1 and 255 characters in length; for example VARCHAR(25). Values must be enclosed in single quotes or double quotes<\/td>\n<td>&#8216;Computer&#8217;<br \/>\n&#8216;Me and u&#8217;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>NUMERIC<\/td>\n<td>DECIMAL(p,s)<\/td>\n<td>It can represent number with or 17.3 without the fractional part. The size argument has two parts: precision and scale. Precision (p) indicates the number of significant digits and scale (s) maximum number of digits to the right of the decimal point<\/td>\n<td>20.1<br \/>\n50000.00<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>INT<\/td>\n<td>It is used for storing integer values<\/td>\n<td>345<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Date<\/td>\n<td>DATE<\/td>\n<td>It represents the date including day, month and year between 1000-01-01 and 9999-12-31<\/td>\n<td>2009-07-02<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>The Structured Query Language(SQL)<\/strong><br \/>\nSQL (pronounced SEQUEL for Simple English Query Language) is Non-procedural universal data access language used to access and manipulate data stored in nearly all the data bases available currently. SQL standards are defined by ANSI (American National Standards Institute). SQL statements are used to retrieve and update data in a database. SQL works with database programs like MySQL, MS Access, DB2, Informix, MS SQL Server, Oracle, Sybase, etc. Most of the SQL database programs also have their own proprietary extensions in addition to the SQL standard.<\/p>\n<p><strong>SQL Commands<\/strong><br \/>\nSQL commands can be classified into the following:<\/p>\n<p><strong>Data Definition Language (DDL): <\/strong>A database scheme is defined by set of definitions, which are expressed, by a special set of commands called Data Definition Language (DDL). They are used to create tables, databases, identify data items, provide unique names to the data items and to define the length and provide the range of values that each data item can assume. They are CREATE TABLE, ALTER TABLE and DROP TABLE commands.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Data Manipulation Language (DML): <\/strong>The data manipulation language (DML) handles operations such as entering rows into a table, changing data, deleting rows, and extracting data from rows and tables. With DML, one does not change the table&#8217;s structure, but rather its contents. It contains commands like INSERT, UPDATE and DELETE.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Transaction Control Language (TCL): <\/strong>A transaction is a one complete unit of work. A transaction is successfully completed if\u00a0and only if all its constituent steps are successfully completed. To manage and control the transactions, the transaction control commands are used. e.g. COMMIT, ROLLBACK, SAVEPOINT.<\/p>\n<p><strong>WORKING WITH SQL<\/strong><br \/>\nTo work on MySQL, you need to open or create the database first:<br \/>\nTo Create\/Open Database:<br \/>\nmysql&gt; CREATE DATABASE &lt;name of database&gt;;<br \/>\nNow the database with the given name will be created. One must be connected to the database before using it, as below:<br \/>\nmysql&gt; use &lt;name of database&gt;;<br \/>\n<strong>Creating Tables<\/strong><br \/>\nTables are defined with the CREATE TABLE command. When tables are created its columns are named, data types and sizes supplied for each column. At least one column must be specified.<br \/>\n<strong>Syntax:<\/strong><br \/>\nCREATE TABLE &lt;TableName&gt;(&lt;ColumnName1&gt; &lt;Data Type1&gt;,<br \/>\n&lt;ColumnName2&gt; &lt;Data Type2&gt;,\u2026\u2026.,&lt;ColumnNameN&gt; &lt;Data Type N&gt;);<br \/>\nExample:<br \/>\nmysql&gt; CREATE TABLE Students<br \/>\n(<br \/>\nRollNo DECIMAL(3),<br \/>\nName VARCHAR(25)<br \/>\n);<br \/>\nOnce the table is created we can insert the record in it, edit or delete existing records, and also we can search for desired record in a very comprehensive way using the SQL Select statement.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Creating tables with SQL Constraints:<\/strong><br \/>\n^ A Constraint is a condition or check applicable on a field or set of fields.<br \/>\n^ Data constraints are the rules that are defined when a table is created.<br \/>\n^ They can also be defined or modified after creating the tables.<br \/>\n^ When constraints are defined any data entering in the table is first checked to satisfy the condition specified in particular constraint if it is, only then table data can be updated. If data updation\/ insertion is violating the defined constraints, database rejects the data (entire record is rejected).<br \/>\n^ When a constraint is applied to a single column, it is called a column level constraint but if a constraint is applied on a combination of columns it is called a table constraint.<\/p>\n<p>Following Constraints can be defined on a table in SQL:<\/p>\n<table border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Constraints name<\/td>\n<td>Description<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>PRIMARY KEY<\/td>\n<td>Used to create a primary key.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>UNIQUE<\/td>\n<td>to create a unique key.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>NOT NULL<\/td>\n<td>to define that column will not accept null values.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>FOREIGN KEY\/ REFERENCES<\/td>\n<td>to define referential integrity with another table.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>DEFAULT<\/td>\n<td>to define the columns default value.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>CHECK<\/td>\n<td>to define the custom rule.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>Not Null and Default constraints can be applied only at column level rest all constraints can be applied on both column level and table levels.<br \/>\n<strong>Use of constraints:<\/strong><br \/>\nCREATE TABLE student (Srollno integer NOT NULL, &#8230;);<br \/>\nCREATE TABLE student (Srollno integer UNIQUE, &#8230;);<br \/>\nCREATE TABLE student (Srollno integer NOT NULL, Sclass integer DEFAULT 12, Sname varchar(30));<br \/>\nCREATE TABLE student (Srollno integer CHECK (Srollno&gt;0), Sclass integer, Sname varchar(30));<br \/>\nCREATE TABLE student (Srollno integer NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY, Sclass integer, Sname varchar(30));<br \/>\nCREATE TABLE teacher (Tid integer NOT NULL, FOREIGN KEY (Studentid) REFERENCES student (Sid));<br \/>\n<strong>Inserting the record in existing table:<\/strong><br \/>\nThe INSERT INTO command append a new record to an existing table and initializes it to desired values.<br \/>\n<strong>Syntax:<\/strong><br \/>\nINSERT INTO table_name (column_name [,column_name])<br \/>\nVALUES (value [,value]);<br \/>\nINSERT INTO Student (RollNo, Name)<br \/>\nVALUES (12333,&#8217;Anu&#8217;);<br \/>\nInserting NULL Values:<br \/>\nINSERT INTO Student (RollNo, Name, Class, Grade)<br \/>\nVALUES (12333,&#8217;Anu&#8217;,11, NULL);<br \/>\nInserting Dates:<br \/>\nINSERT INTO Student (RollNo, Name, Class, DOB)<br \/>\nVALUES (12333,&#8217;Anu&#8217;,11, \u20181998-02-24&#8242;)<br \/>\nInserting Data from another Table:<br \/>\nINSERT INTO<br \/>\nMarks SELECT * FROM Student<br \/>\nWHERE Class&gt;10;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Note: <\/strong>Column names can be omitted if the values are entered in the same order in which they appear in the table. Insert into will give you an error if you omit to enter a mandatory value (non-null).<\/p>\n<p><strong>Deleting Existing records from the table:<\/strong><br \/>\nThe DELETE command deletes one, many, or even all records in a table, depending on the conditions that you specify.<br \/>\n<strong>Syntax:<\/strong><br \/>\nDELETE FROM tablename<br \/>\nWHERE search_conditions;<br \/>\nfor example<br \/>\nDELETE FROM Students<br \/>\nWHERE RollNo&gt;11255;<br \/>\n<strong>Note: <\/strong>The delete command is VERY dangerous. If run without conditions, it will delete ALL records in a table. In addition, SQL has no undo function. For instance, DELETE FROM Students;<br \/>\nWill delete all records from Students table. This is not likely to be what you want.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Modifying the contents of records: <\/strong>The UPDATE command changes one, many, or even all records in a table, depending on the conditions that you specify<br \/>\n<strong>Syntax:<\/strong><br \/>\nUPDATE tablename<br \/>\nSET column_name = expression [,column_name = expression..]\n[WHERE search_conditions];<br \/>\nfor example(assuming a customer table)<br \/>\nUPDATE customer SET f_name = \u2018Thomas&#8217;<br \/>\nWHERE l_name = \u2018Smith&#8217; and<br \/>\ndate_of_birth = \u20183\/2\/1985&#8242;;<br \/>\nAn expression can be either a constant value (e.g., \u2018Thomas&#8217;) or an operation done on another column or columns (see the example below, assuming a loan table with column rate.).<br \/>\nUPDATE TABLE loan SET rate = rate + 1.5;<br \/>\nBecause there is no condition (i.e., no WHERE) all records will be updated. All rates will be increased by 1.5.<br \/>\n<strong>Selecting data from existing table:<\/strong><br \/>\nSQL SELECT statement is a comprehensive statement used to search\/select records from one or more tables. All the analysis done on a database usually involves some form of select statement.<br \/>\n<strong>&gt;<\/strong> Choosing all fields (columns): Use an asterisk (*) to indicate all fields with the select statement:<br \/>\nSELECT *<br \/>\nFROM table_name;<br \/>\nSELECT *<br \/>\nFROM customer;<\/p>\n<p><strong>&gt;<\/strong> Choosing a selected list of fields (columns)<br \/>\nSELECT column_name [,column_name]\nFROM table_name;<br \/>\nSELECT f_name, l_name, date_of_birth FROM customer;<br \/>\n<strong>NOTE: <\/strong>The order in which you list the columns affects their order in the resulting output. Items within [ ] are optional.<\/p>\n<p><strong>&gt;<\/strong> Temporarily renaming columns in query results<br \/>\nSELECT column_heading AS column_name [,column_heading AS column_name]\nFROM table_name;<br \/>\nExample:<br \/>\nSELECT f_name as \u201cName\u201d<br \/>\nFROM customer;<\/p>\n<p><strong>&gt;<\/strong> Including calculated columns in the results<br \/>\nSELECT date_due, rate, principal, rate * principal FROM loan;<br \/>\nNOTE: If necessary, use parentheses to clarify order of precedence.<\/p>\n<p><strong>&gt;<\/strong> Eliminating duplicate query results with distinct<br \/>\nIf you use the keyword distinct after the keyword SELECT, you will only get unique rows. Example:<br \/>\nSELECT rate,<br \/>\nFROM loan;<br \/>\n(above will display all rate values might be repeated)<br \/>\nSELECT distinct rate FROM loan;<br \/>\n(above will display only unique rate values, no repetition)<\/p>\n<p><strong>&gt;<\/strong> Selecting from all the rows:<br \/>\nSELECT ALL rate,<br \/>\nFROM loan;<br \/>\n(above query will display all rate values)<\/p>\n<p><strong>&gt;<\/strong> Selecting rows: WHERE clause is used to specify the condition for searching. Only those records will be retrieved that satisfy condition given with where clause.<br \/>\nSELECT SELECT_list<br \/>\nFROM table_list<br \/>\nWHERE search_conditions;<br \/>\nExample:<br \/>\nSELECT * FROM customer<br \/>\nWHERE f_name = \u2018Carl&#8217;;<\/p>\n<p><strong>&gt;<\/strong> Possible Search Conditions<br \/>\n&#8211; Comparison operators (=,&lt;,&gt;,!=.&lt;&gt;,&lt;=,&gt;=)<br \/>\nSELECT * FROM loan<br \/>\nWHERE principal &gt; 100000000;<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; Ranges (between and not between; inclusive)<br \/>\nSELECT * FROM loan<br \/>\nWHERE rate BETWEEN 7.5 AND 8.5;<\/p>\n<p>OR<\/p>\n<p>SELECT * FROM loan<br \/>\nWHERE rate NOT<br \/>\nBETWEEN 7.5 AND 8.5;<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; Lists (in and not in)<br \/>\nSELECT *<br \/>\nfrom Customer<br \/>\nwhere city IN (\u2018Ahmedabad\u2019, \u2018Baroda\u2019, \u2018Delhi\u2019, \u2019Mumbai\u2019, \u2019Chennai\u2019);<\/p>\n<p>OR<\/p>\n<p>SELECT *<br \/>\nfrom Customer<br \/>\nwhere city NOT IN (\u2018Ahmedabad\u2019, \u2018Baroda\u2019, \u2018Delhi\u2019,\u2019Mumbai\u2019,\u2019Chennai\u2019);<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; Null values<br \/>\nSELECT *<br \/>\nfrom Customer<br \/>\nwhere city is Null;<\/p>\n<p>OR<\/p>\n<p>SELECT *<br \/>\nfrom Customer<br \/>\nwhere city is Not Null;<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; Character matches (like and not like)<br \/>\nSELECT f_name, l_name<br \/>\nFROM customer<br \/>\nWHERE l_name LIKE \u2018Fos%\u2019;<br \/>\nSELECT f_name, l_name<br \/>\nFROM customer<br \/>\nWHERE l_name LIKE \u2018_oster\u2019;<br \/>\n<strong>Note: <\/strong>\u201c%\u201d (matches any string of zero or more characters) and \u201c_\u201d (matches any one character). In addition to those, brackets can be used to include either ranges or sets of characters.<br \/>\nCombinations of previous options using logical operators and, or, and not etc.: SELECT f_name, l_name FROM customer<br \/>\nWHERE l_name LIKE \u2018San%\u2019 AND City NOT IN (\u2018Baroda\u2019,\u2018Delhi\u2019)<\/p>\n<p><strong>&gt;<\/strong> Some more examples:<br \/>\n&#8211; \u2018Am%\u2019 matches any string starting with Am.<br \/>\n&#8211; \u2018%Singh%\u2019 matches any string containing \u2018Singh\u2019<br \/>\n&#8211; \u2018%a\u2019 matches any string ending with \u2018a\u2019<br \/>\n&#8211; \u2018 \u2019 matches any string that is exactly 3 characters long.<br \/>\n&#8211; \u2018 %\u2019 matches any string that has at least 2 characters long.<br \/>\n&#8211; \u2018 g\u2019 matches any string that is 4 characters along with 3 characters in the beginning but \u2018g\u2019 as the 4<sup>th<\/sup> character.<\/p>\n<p><strong>&gt;<\/strong> Viewing a tables structures<br \/>\nDescribe\/ Desc statement is used to see the structure of a table:<br \/>\nDesc &lt;tablename&gt; ;<br \/>\nDescribe &lt;tablename&gt;;<\/p>\n<p><strong>&gt;<\/strong> Sorting records<br \/>\nThe output of a SELECT query can be sorted in ascending or descending order on one or more columns, the default is ascending. This is important to note that the data in table is not sorted, only the results that appear on the screen are sorted.<br \/>\n<strong>Syntax:<\/strong><br \/>\nSELECT &lt;column name&gt; [,&lt;column name&gt;, &#8230;.]\nFROM &lt;table name&gt;<br \/>\n[WHERE &lt;condition&gt;]\n[ORDER BY &lt;column name&gt; [, &lt;column name&gt;.]];<br \/>\nExample: (Sorting on single column)<br \/>\nSELECT * FROM EMPL ORDER BY ENAME;<br \/>\nExample: (Sorting on Multiple columns)<br \/>\nSELECT * FROM EMPL ORDER BY ENAME, JOB;<\/p>\n<p><strong>&gt;<\/strong> Adding a column:<br \/>\nThe ALTER TABLE command is used to change definitions of existing tables. It can add columns, delete columns or change their size,rename the name of an existing table.<br \/>\n<strong>Syntax:<\/strong><br \/>\nALTER TABLE &lt;table name&gt;<br \/>\nADD (&lt;column name&gt; &lt;data type with size&gt; &lt;constraints&gt;);<br \/>\nExample:<br \/>\nALTER TABLE Students<br \/>\nADD (age NUMBER (2) CHECK (age &gt; 5));<\/p>\n<p><strong>&gt;<\/strong> Modify a column:<br \/>\n<strong>Syntax:<\/strong><br \/>\nALTER TABLE &lt;table name&gt;<br \/>\nMODIFY (column name newdatatype (newsize));<br \/>\nExample:<br \/>\nALTER TABLE Students MODIFY ( age NUMBER (1));<\/p>\n<p><strong>&gt;<\/strong> Changing a column name:<br \/>\nALTER TABLE &lt;table name&gt;<br \/>\nCHANGE &lt;old_column_name&gt; &lt;new_column_name&gt; &lt;column definition&gt; ;<br \/>\nExample:<br \/>\nALTER TABLE Students CHANGE age s_age NUMBER (2)<\/p>\n<p><strong>&gt;<\/strong> Removing table components<br \/>\n&#8211; To remove primary key constraints ALTER TABLE Students DROP primary key;<br \/>\n&#8211; To remove column from the table ALTER TABLE Students DROP COLUMN age;<br \/>\n<strong>&gt;<\/strong> Drop a table from database:<br \/>\nDROP TABLE &lt;table name&gt;;<br \/>\nExample:<br \/>\nDROP TABLE Students;<\/p>\n<p>&gt; Renaming a table:<\/p>\n<p>ALTER TABLE &lt;old table name&gt;<\/p>\n<p>RENAME TO &lt;new table name&gt;;<\/p>\n<p>Example:<\/p>\n<p>ALTER TABLE Students RENAME TO Students_Details;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Operator Precedence:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>All the operators have precedence. Precedence is the order in which different operators are evaluated. Various operators in descending order of precedence (top to bottom) are listed below:<\/p>\n<table border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"5\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>1<\/td>\n<td>!<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>2<\/td>\n<td>(Unary minus)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>3<\/td>\n<td>^<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>4<\/td>\n<td>*,\/,DIV,%, MOD<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>5<\/td>\n<td>-,+<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>6<\/td>\n<td>=, &lt;=, &gt;, &gt;=, =, !=, IS, LIKE, IN<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>7<\/td>\n<td>BETWEEN<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>8<\/td>\n<td>NOT<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>9<\/td>\n<td>&amp;&amp;, AND<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>10<\/td>\n<td>|| OR<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>MySQL Functions<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Functions<\/strong><br \/>\nA function is a predefined command set that performs some operation and returns the single value.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Numeric Functions<br \/>\n&gt;<\/strong> POWER(): Returns the argument raised to the specified power. POW () works the same way. Example:(i)POW(2,4):Result:16 (ii)POW(2,-2):Result:0.25 (iii)POW(-2,3):Result: -8<br \/>\n<strong>&gt;<\/strong> ROUND(): ROUND(X) Rounds the argument to the zero decimal place, where as ROUND(X,d) rounds the argument to d decimal places.<br \/>\n<strong>Example :<br \/>\n(i) <\/strong>ROUND(-1.23); Result: -1<br \/>\n<strong>(ii) <\/strong>ROUND(-1.58); Result: -2<br \/>\n<strong>(iii) <\/strong>ROUND(1.58); Result: 2<br \/>\n<strong>(iv) <\/strong>ROUND(3.798, 1); Result: 3.8<br \/>\n<strong>(v) <\/strong>ROUND(1.298, 0); Result: 1<br \/>\n<strong>(vi) <\/strong>ROUND(23.298, -1); Result: 20<br \/>\n<strong>(vii) <\/strong>ROUND( 25.298,-1); result: 30<\/p>\n<p><strong>&gt;<\/strong> TRUNCATE(): Truncates the argument to specified number of decimal places.<br \/>\nExample: (i) TRUNCATE (7.29,1) Result: 7.2 (ii) TRUNCATE(27.29,-1) Result: 20<\/p>\n<p><strong>&gt;<\/strong> SIGN(): Returns sign of a given number.<br \/>\nExample: (i) SIGN (15) Result: 1 : (ii) SIGN (-15) Result : -1 : (iii) SIGN (0) Result : 0.<\/p>\n<p><strong>&gt;<\/strong> SQRT: Returns the square root of given number.<br \/>\nExample: (i) SQRT (25) Result: 5<\/p>\n<p><strong>Character\/String Functions<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong>&gt;<\/strong> LENGTH(): Returns the length of a string in bytes\/no.of characters in string.<br \/>\nExample: LENGTH(\u2018INFORMATICS\u2019); Result:11<\/p>\n<p><strong>&gt;<\/strong> CHAR(): Returns the corresponding ASCII character for each integer passed.<br \/>\nExample: CHAR(65) ; Result : A<\/p>\n<p><strong>&gt;<\/strong> CONCAT(): Returns concatenated string i.e. it adds strings.<br \/>\nExample: CONCAT(\u2018Informatics\u2019,\u2019 \u2018,\u2018Practices\u2019); Result : Informatics Practices\u2019<\/p>\n<p><strong>&gt;<\/strong> INSTR(): Returns the index of the first occurrence of substring.<br \/>\nExample: INSTR(\u2018Informatics\u2019,\u2019 mat\u2019); Result : 6(since \u2018m\u2019 of \u2018mat\u2019 is at 6th place)<\/p>\n<p><strong>&gt;<\/strong> LOWER()\/ LCASE(): Returns the argument after converting it in lowercase.<br \/>\nExample: LOWER(\u2018INFORMATICS\u2019); Result: informatics<\/p>\n<p><strong>&gt;<\/strong> UPPER()\/ UCASE(): Returns the argument after converting it in uppercase.<br \/>\nExample: UCASE(\u2018informatics\u2019); Result: INFORMATICS<\/p>\n<p><strong>&gt;<\/strong> LEFT () : Returns the given number of characters by extracting them from the left side of the given string<br \/>\nExample : LEFT(\u2018INFORMATICS PRACTICES\u2019, 3); Result : INF<\/p>\n<p><strong>&gt;<\/strong> RIGHT(): Returns the given number of characters by extracting them from the right side of the given string<br \/>\nExample : RIGHT(&#8216;INFORMATICS PRACTICES\u2019,3); Result: CES<\/p>\n<p><strong>&gt;<\/strong> MID(): Returns a substring starting from the specified position in a given string.<br \/>\nExample: MID(\u2018INFORMATICS PRACTICES\u2019,3,4); Result : FORM<\/p>\n<p><strong>&gt;<\/strong> SUBSTR(): Returns a substring from a given string.<br \/>\nExample: SUBSTR(\u2018INFORMATICS\u2019 , 3 , 4 ) ; Result : FORM\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 SUBSTR(\u2018INFORMATICS\u2019 , -3 , 2\u00a0) ; Result : IC<\/p>\n<p><strong>&gt;<\/strong> LTRIM(): Removes leading spaces.<br \/>\nExample : LTRIM(&#8216; INFORMATICS&#8217;); Result: &#8216;INFORMATICS\u2019<\/p>\n<p><strong>&gt;<\/strong> RTRIM(): Removes trailing spaces.<br \/>\nExample : RTRIM(&#8216;INFORMATICS &#8216;); Result: &#8216;INFORMATICS\u2019<\/p>\n<p><strong>&gt;<\/strong> TRIM(): Removes leading and trailing spaces.<br \/>\nExample: TRIM(&#8216; INFORMATICS &#8216;); Result: &#8216;INFORMATICS\u2019<\/p>\n<p><strong>Date\/Time Functions<br \/>\n&gt;<\/strong> CURDATE(): Returns the current date<br \/>\nExample: CURDATE(); Result: &#8216;2012-09-18&#8217;<\/p>\n<p><strong>&gt;<\/strong> NOW(): Returns the current date and time<br \/>\nExample: NOW(); Result : &#8216;2010-07-21 13:58:11&#8217;<\/p>\n<p><strong>&gt;<\/strong> SYSDATE(): Return the time at which the function executes<br \/>\nExample: SYSDATE(); Result: &#8216;2010-07-21 13:59:23\u2019<\/p>\n<p><strong>&gt;<\/strong> DATE(): Extracts the date part of a date or datetime expression<br \/>\nExample: DATE(&#8216;2003-12-31 01:02:03&#8217;); Result:: &#8216;2003-12-31&#8217;<\/p>\n<p><strong>&gt;<\/strong> MONTH() Returns the month from the date passed<br \/>\nExample: MONTH(&#8216;2010-07-21&#8217;); Result : 7<\/p>\n<p>&gt;MONTHNAME() Returns the name of month from the date passed<br \/>\nExample: MONTHNAME(&#8216;2010-07-21&#8217;); Result : JULY<\/p>\n<p><strong>&gt;<\/strong> YEAR(): Returns the year.<br \/>\nExample: YEAR(&#8216;2010-07-21&#8217;); Result : 2010<\/p>\n<p><strong>&gt;<\/strong> DAYNAME(): Returns the name of the weekday<br \/>\nExample: DAYNAME(&#8216;2010-07-21&#8217;); Result : WEDNESDAY<\/p>\n<p><strong>&gt;<\/strong> DAYOFMONTH(): Returns the day of the month (0-31)<br \/>\nExample: DAYOFMONTH(&#8216;2010-07-21&#8217;); Result: 21<\/p>\n<p><strong>&gt;<\/strong> DAYOFWEEK(): Returns the weekday index of the argument<br \/>\nExample: DAYOFWEEK(&#8216;2010-07-21&#8217;); Result: 4 (Sunday is counted as 1)<\/p>\n<p><strong>&gt; <\/strong>DAYOFYEAR(): Return the day of the year(1-366)<br \/>\nExample: DAYOFYEAR(&#8216;2010-07-21&#8217;); Result: 202<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Relational_Database_Management_System_class_11_Notes\"><\/span>Relational Database Management System class 11 Notes<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>CBSE Revision notes (PDF Download) Free<\/li>\n<li>CBSE Revision notes for Class 11 Informatics Practices PDF<\/li>\n<li>CBSE Revision notes Class 11 Informatics Practices \u2013 CBSE<\/li>\n<li>CBSE Revisions notes and Key Points Class 11 Informatics Practices<\/li>\n<li>Summary of the NCERT books all chapters in Informatics Practices class 11<\/li>\n<li>Short notes for CBSE class 11th Informatics Practices<\/li>\n<li>Key notes and chapter summary of Informatics Practices class 11<\/li>\n<li>Quick revision notes for CBSE exams<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"CBSE_Class-11_Revision_Notes_and_Key_Points\"><\/span><strong>CBSE Class-11 Revision Notes and Key Points<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Relational Database Management System class 11 Notes Informatics Practices. CBSE quick revision note for class-11 Mathematics, Physics, Chemistry, Biology and other subject are very helpful to revise the whole syllabus during exam days. The revision notes covers all important formulas and concepts given in the chapter. Even if you wish to have an overview of a chapter, quick revision notes are here to do if for you. These notes will certainly save your time during stressful exam days.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/downloads\/cbse-class-11-physics\/1340\/cbse-revision-notes\/7\/\">Revision Notes for class-11 Physics<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/downloads\/cbse-class-11-chemistry\/1356\/cbse-revision-notes\/7\/\">Revision Notes for class-11 Chemistry<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/downloads\/cbse-class-11-mathematics\/1371\/cbse-revision-notes\/7\/\">Revision Notes for class-11 Mathematics<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/downloads\/cbse-class-11-biology\/1388\/cbse-revision-notes\/7\/\">Revision Notes for class-11 Biology<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/downloads\/cbse-class-11-accountancy\/1411\/cbse-revision-notes\/7\/\">Revision Notes for class-11 Accountancy<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/downloads\/cbse-class-11-economics\/1423\/cbse-revision-notes\/7\/\">Revision Notes for class-11 Economics<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/downloads\/cbse-class-11-business-studies\/1740\/cbse-revision-notes\/7\/\">Revision Notes for class-11 Business Studies<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/downloads\/cbse-class-11-computer-science\/1852\/cbse-revision-notes\/7\/\">Revision Notes for class-11 Computer Science<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/downloads\/cbse-class-11-informatics-practices\/1874\/cbse-revision-notes\/7\/\">Revision Notes for class-11 Informatics Practices<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/downloads\/cbse-class-11-geography\/1864\/cbse-revision-notes\/7\/\">Revision Notes for class-11 Geography<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>To download\u00a0 Relational Database Management System class 11 Notes, sample paper for class 11 Chemistry, Physics, Biology, History, Political Science, Economics, Geography, Computer Science, Home Science, Accountancy, Business Studies and Home Science; do check myCBSEguide app or website. myCBSEguide provides sample papers with solution, test papers for chapter-wise practice, NCERT solutions, NCERT Exemplar solutions, quick revision notes for ready reference, CBSE guess papers and CBSE important question papers. Sample Paper all are made available through\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/play.google.com\/store\/apps\/details?id=in.techchefs.MyCBSEGuide&amp;referrer=utm_source%3Dmycbse_bottom%26utm_medium%3Dtext%26utm_campaign%3Dmycbseads\"><strong>the best app for CBSE students<\/strong><\/a>\u00a0and myCBSEguide website.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"entry-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/blog\/introduction-to-programming-class-11-notes-informatics-practices\/\">Introduction to Programming class 11 Notes Informatics Practices<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"entry-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/blog\/relational-database-management-system-class-11-notes-informatics-practices\/\">Relational Database Management System class 11 Notes Informatics Practices<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"entry-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/blog\/applications-class-11-notes-informatics-practices\/\">IT Applications class 11 Notes Informatics Practices<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>CBSE Informatics Practices Chapter 2 Relational Database Management System class 11 Notes Informatics Practices in PDF are available for free download in myCBSEguide mobile app. The best app for CBSE students now provides Relational Database Management System class 11 Notes Informatics Practices latest chapter wise notes for quick preparation of CBSE exams and school based &#8230; <a title=\"Relational Database Management System class 11 Notes Informatics Practices\" class=\"read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/mycbseguide.com\/blog\/relational-database-management-system-class-11-notes-informatics-practices\/\" aria-label=\"More on Relational Database Management System class 11 Notes Informatics Practices\">Read more<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":10050,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[47,456],"tags":[457,150,327,426,240,810],"class_list":["post-10052","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-cbse-class-11","category-revision-notes","tag-cbse-notes","tag-cbse-notes-and-key-points","tag-informatics-practices","tag-quick-revision","tag-quick-revision-notes","tag-relational-database-management-system"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.0 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Relational Database Management System class 11 Notes Informatics Practices | myCBSEguide<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Relational Database Management System class 11 Notes Informatics Practices Chapter 2 in PDF format for free download. 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