What are +I effect & -I …

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What are +I effect & -I effect ? Plzz give their examples also .

Posted by Amarjeet Kaur 7 years ago

CBSE > Class 12 > Chemistry

1 answers

Dr. Kamlapati Bhatt 6 years, 8 months ago

Inductive effect is an electronic effect due to the polarisation of a {tex}\sigma{/tex} bonds within a molecule or ion. This is typically due to electronegativity difference between the atoms at either end of the bond.

The inductive effect is permanent , but relatively weak hence the effect rapidly dies out , & is usually not significant after 2nd carbon atom , or at the most 3rd.

.For example , if an electronegative atom Cl is connected to a chain of carbon atoms , then the positive charge is relayed to to the other carbon atoms ( as depicted below )

There are two categories of inductive effects : the electron withdrawing effect ( -I effect ) and the electron releasing effect (+ I ) effect. The following images high light certain charecteristics and suitable examples of the two different types of inductive effects.

- I effect

- I effect is seen around a more electronegative atom or group , where the electron density is higher than elsewhere in the molecule.

+ I effect

The + I effect is observed among the less electronegative atoms of the molecule by electron releasing ( or electron donating group ) or groups , viz. alkyl groups .

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0Thank You

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Posted by Pinky Kumari 1 week, 3 days ago

CBSE > Class 12 > Chemistry