CBSE Revision Notes for class 12 Geography

CBSE Class12 Notes and Key Points

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• Summary of the NCERT books all chapters in Geography class 12
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CBSE Class 12 Geography Chapter-wise Revision Notes

• Chapter 1 - Human Geography Nature and Scope
• Chapter 2 - The World Population Distribution
• Chapter 3 - Population Composition
• Chapter 4 – Human Development
• Chapter 5 – Primary Activities
• Chapter 6 – Secondary Activities
• Chapter 7 – Tertiary and Quaternary Activities
• Chapter 8 – Transport and Communication
• Chapter 9 – International Trade
• Chapter 10 - Human Settlements

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CBSE Class-12 Revision Notes and Key Points

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CBSE class 12 Geography (Book-1)
Chapter -1 Revision Notes
Human Geography nature and scope

GIST OF THE LESSON:

·   Geography is a field of study is integrative, empirical and practical

·   it studies each and every event on the earth over the space and time

·   human geography studies the relationship between man and nature

·   Geo. can be studied through law making or descriptive

There are two approaches of geography

1. systematic approach    

2. Regional approach

Vi physical and human phenomena are described in metaphors using symbols from the human anatomy

Vii definition of human geography

Human Geography Defined

• “Human geography is the synthetic study of relationship between human societies and earth‟s surface”. Ratzel

Synthesis has been emphasized in the above definition.

•“Human geography is the study of “the changing relationship between the un-resting man and the unstable earth.”Ellen C. Semple

Dynamism in the relationship is the keyword in Semple‟s definition.

• “Conception resulting from a more synthetic knowledge of the physical laws governing our earth and of the relations between the living beings which inhabit it”. Paul Vidal de la Blache

NATURE OF HUMAN GEOGRAPHY

1. Human geography studies the inter relationship between the physical environment and socio-cultural environment created by man. 2. Elements of physical are land, water, soil, climate, vegetation, fauna 3. Elements of cultural are transport and communication, settlements, crops NATURALISATION OF HUMANS a. Man interact with nature with the help of technology b. It is not important that what he creates but with what tools he used to create c. Technology indicates the level of cultural development of society d. Understanding the nature helps to create technology 1. understanding of friction and heat helped to discover fire

2. understanding DNA helped to eradicate diseases

3. laws of thermodynamics helped to develop fast planes

4. knowledge about nature is extremely important to develop technology and technology loosens the shackles of environment on human being .

5. the interaction between primitive society and nature is called ENVIRONMENTAL DETERMINISM.

HUMANISATION OF NATURE

1. With the development of technology people understood the nature well

2. They move from state of necessity to state of possibilities

3. Human activities created cultural landscape

4. so it is called as possibilism

NEODETERMINISM/ STOP AND GO DETERMINISM

1.Developed by Griffith Taylor

2.It is a middle path between environmental determinism and possibilism

3. the concept shows that neither is there a situation of absolute necessity nor is there a condition of absolute freedom.

4. sustainable development is the main aim

5. The Neo determinism maintains balance between development and nature

HUMAN GEOGRAPHY THROUGH THE CORRIDORS OF TIME 

Schools of human geography

WELFARE SCHOOL

Concerned with social well being of the people a. housing b. Health c. Education RADICAL SCHOOL    

Concerned with causes of poverty, deprivation and social Inequality BEHAVIOURAL SCHOOL