Biotechnology

CBSE class 11 Biotechnology includes An Overview, Biomolecules: Building Blocks, Macromolecules: Structure & Function, Concepts of genetics, Genes and Genomes: Structure and Function, The Basic Unit of Life, Cell Growth and development, Historical perspective, Multiple Alleles, linkage and Crossing Over, Genetic Mapping, Gene Interaction, sex-linked Inheritance, Extranuclear Inheritance, Quantitative inheritance, Genes at the Population Level, Historical perspectives, Production strategies in Biotechnology, Quality control, Product safety, Good manufacturing practices, Good laboratory practices, Intellectual property, Global market, Public perception, Biotechnology in India and global trends.

Unit-I Biotechnology: An overview (5 Marks 20 Periods)

Chapter-1: Biotechnology : An Overview
Historical perspectives, Production strategies in Biotechnology, Quality control, Product safety, Good manufacturing practices, Good laboratory practices, Intellectual property, Global market, Public perception, Biotechnology in India and global trends.

Unit-II Molecules of Life (20 Marks 50 Periods)

Chapter-1: Biomolecules: Building Blocks (25 Periods)
Building blocks of Carbohydrates - Sugars and their derivatives, Building blocks of Proteins – Amino Acids, building blocks of Lipids - Simple Fatty Acids, Sphingosine, Glycerol and Cholesterol, Building blocks of Nucleic Acids - Nucleotides, Biochemical Transformations
Chapter-2: Macromolecules: Structure & Function (25 Periods)
Carbohydrates - The energy givers, Proteins - The performers, Enzymes - The catalysts, Lipids and Biomembranes - The barriers, Nucleic Acids - The managers

Unit-III Genetics and Molecular Biology (20 Marks 50 Periods)

Chapter-1: Concepts of genetics (20 Periods)
Historical perspective, Multiple Alleles, linkage and Crossing Over, Genetic Mapping, Gene Interaction, sex-linked Inheritance, Extranuclear Inheritance, Quantitative inheritance, Genes at the Population Level
Chapter-2: Genes and Genomes: Structure and Function (30 Periods)
Discovery of DNA as Genetic Material, DNA Replication, Fine Structure of the Genes, From Gene to Protein, Transcription - The Basic Process, Genetic code, Translation, Regulation of gene Expression, Mutations, DNA Repair, Human Genetic Disorders, Genome Organization

Unit-IV Cells and Organisms (25 Marks 60 Periods)

Chapter 1: The Basic Unit of Life (30 Periods)
Cell structure and components, Tissues and Organs, Stem cells, Biodiversity, Organization of life
Chapter 2: Cell Growth and development (30 Periods)
Cell Division, Cell Cycle, Cell Communication, Movement, Nutrition, Gaseous Exchanges, Internal Transport, Maintaining the Internal Environment, Reproduction, In Vitro Fertilization, Animal and Plant Development, Immune Response in Animals, Programmed Cell Death, Defense Mechanisms in Plants

PRACTICALS (60 Periods)

Note: Every student is required to do the following experiments during the academic session.
1. Preparation of buffers and pH determination
2. Isolation of milk protein (Casein)
3. Estimation of protein by biuret method
4. Assaying the enzyme acid phosphate
5. Estimation of bloods Glucose by enzymatic method(GOD/POD)
6. Isolation of bacterial plasmid DNA.
7. Isolation of genomic DNA
8. Estimation of DNA
9. Detection of DNA by gel electrophoresis
10. Cell counting
11. Study of various stages of mitosis and calculation of mitotic index
12. Preparation of karyotyping